黄麻纤维活性炭对亚甲基蓝和甲基橙吸附动力学

以黄麻纤维为原料，采用磷酸活化法制备活性炭。研究黄麻纤维活性炭对亚甲基蓝和甲基橙2种染料的吸附行为。结果表明，采用磷酸制备的活性炭，由于表面含有羧基和含磷官能团等酸性基团，能够促进活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附；黄麻纤维活性炭对2种染料的平衡吸附量、初始吸附速率均随着初始浓度的增加而升高；相同条件下，黄麻纤维活性炭对亚甲基蓝的平衡吸附量大于甲基橙；黄麻纤维活性炭对两种染料的吸附行为更符合准二级动力学模型。     

活性炭纤维对染料的吸附性能研究

研究了聚丙烯腈活性炭纤维（P－ACF）、粘胶活性炭纤维（R－ACF）和颗粒活性炭（GAC）对5种红色染料的吸附能力,通过简单的模型,算出5种染料在两种活性炭纤维上的吸附速率常数。结果表明,尽管吸附能力随染料种类不同而有一定的差别,但总体上,聚丙烯腈活性炭纤维的吸附能力略低于颗粒活性炭,而粘胶活性炭纤维的吸附能力则远远优于前两种,对染料有着较大的吸附容量和较快的吸附速率。     

核桃果皮基活性炭对甲基橙和酸性品红的吸附性能

采用氯化锌活化法制得核桃果皮基活性炭吸附甲基橙和酸性品红,考察了吸附时间,p H,吸附质初始浓度对吸附性能的影响及吸附热力学和动力学性质。结果表明,核桃果皮基活性炭是吸附甲基橙和酸性品红染料的理想材料;延长吸附时间,去除率和吸附量增加,最佳吸附时间为6 h;减小p H值,去除率和吸附量增加。p H为6时,2种染料的去除率达95%以上,吸附效果较好;增大吸附质初始浓度,去除率降低,吸附量增大,当甲基橙初始浓度为180 mg/L时,吸附基本达到饱和;甲基橙的吸附属于单层吸附,酸性品红的吸附属于多层吸附行为。准二级动力学方程均能较好地解释2种染料的吸附动力学行为。     

海藻酸纤维动态吸附废水中亚甲基蓝染料

自制了海藻酸纤维并从动态吸附方面研究了海藻酸纤维对阳离子染料亚甲基蓝的吸附性能,采用2种动力学模型(Thomas模型和Yoon-Nelson模型)对不同浓度的亚甲基蓝染料溶液动态吸附曲线进行了分析.结果表明,Thomas模型和Yoon-Nelson模型对海藻酸纤维吸附亚甲基蓝染料都有较高的拟合度,由2种模型分析得出的海...     

玉米秸秆活性炭的制备及其吸附动力学研究

以玉米秸秆为原材料,采用ZnCl2活化法制备玉米秸秆活性炭,吸附次甲基蓝染料废水,进行动力学分析。本实验用Langmuir和Freundlich模型对吸附等温线进行拟合,结果表明,玉米秸秆活性炭对次甲基蓝的吸附与Langmuir方程拟合良好,R2=0.9857。采用Lagergren准一级速率模型、Lagergren准二级速率模型、Bangham动力学方程和Elovich动力学方程分别对秸秆活性炭吸附次甲基蓝溶液进行吸附动力学拟合,通过分析得出吸附过程与Lagergren准二级速率模型拟合最好,R2=0.9979。秸秆活性炭对次甲基蓝的最大吸附量达到909.09 mg/g,具有很高的吸附能力。     

TiO2/活性炭复合纳米纤维膜对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

摘要以自制的TiO2/活性炭复合纳米纤维膜作为吸附剂,以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,研究了亚甲基蓝初始浓度、温度、TiO2/活性炭复合纳米纤维膜投加量、pH等对TiO2/活性炭复合纳米纤维膜吸附去除亚甲基蓝的影响,并研究了TiO2/活性炭复合纳米纤维膜的Zeta电位、接触角、光催化再生性能.结果表明:(1)静态吸附时,随着亚...     

表面活性剂改性活性炭对阳离子染料的吸附

以阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为改性剂对粉末活性炭(AC)改性,研究了SDS在活性炭表面的吸附稳定性,用比表面积测定仪、Zeta电位测定仪对改性前后活性炭进行表征,并将其用于吸附模拟废水中的阳离子染料。结果表明,改性剂SDS浓度等于临界胶束浓度时,改性后活性炭(SDS-AC)对SDS吸附稳定,SDS在纯水和染料溶液中的解吸率分别为19.4%和1.6%。pH对活性炭吸附阳离子橙染料影响较小,SDS-AC和AC对染料的吸附平衡时间分别为4 h和12 h,SDS-AC和AC对阳离子橙染料的吸附动力学模型符合拟二级反应模型,吸附等温线更符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,SDS-AC对阳离子橙染料的最大吸附量较AC提高47.8%,SDS-AC对阳离子橙染料的吸附机制为物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用下的单分子层吸附,其中化学吸附是主要控速步骤。     

Fenton法制备污泥基活性炭及其性能表征

污泥基活性炭孔隙率低下是污泥资源化利用的主要制约因素,而Fenton法预处理污泥,可有效改善活性炭性质。通过考察H2O2投加量、H2O2/Fe2+、活化pH以及炭化条件等参数,确定了最佳污泥基活性炭制备条件:H2O2投加量为5%(质量分数),H2O2/Fe2+为5∶1(质量比),活化pH为3,活化时间为2.0h,污泥含固率为1.0%(质量分数),炭化温度为600℃,炭化时间为2.0h,炭化升温速率为10℃/min。此时,得到的污泥基活性炭吸附碘值为340mg/g,比表面积为353.563m2/g,孔容积为0.238cm3/g,微孔容积为0.095cm3/g。该活性炭对阳离子和阴离子染料(亚甲基蓝和甲基橙)具有良好的吸附性能,结果表明,对亚甲基蓝和甲基橙的吸附更符合Langmuir方程,且其饱和吸附量分别为71.53、57.73mg/g。对吸附动力学的拟合结果表明,该吸附更符合二级动力学方程。     

阳离子表面活性剂改性油茶果壳对水溶液中甲基橙的吸附

以阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对油茶果壳进行改性,制备CTAB-油茶果壳(CTABCOS)吸附材料,并采用批实验法对其对水溶液中甲基橙的吸附去除进行了研究。考察了溶液p H、吸附剂用量和离子强度等对水溶液中甲基橙的吸附影响,并研究了体系的吸附动力学和吸附热力学特征。结果表明,向100 m L浓度为50 mg/L的甲基橙溶液中加入0.40 g CTAB-COS,在最佳实验条件下,CTAB-COS对甲基橙的去除率可达96.66%。溶液离子强度增大,甲基橙去除率降低。CTAB-COS对甲基橙的吸附行为符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附等温线可用Langmuir模型进行较好拟合,在20℃时最大吸附量为18.31 mg/g。吸附热力学结果表明,吸附过程为可自发进行的放热过程。再生性实验结果表明,再生6次后,CTAB-COS对甲基橙的吸附去除率仍可达到80%。该改性油茶果壳可应用于阴离子型染料废水的吸附法处理。     

微波辐射回用活性炭对水中亚甲基蓝和Cd2＋去除效果的研究

考察了微波-活性炭联合处理技术对模拟染料废水中亚甲基蓝和Cd2＋的去除效果。对于100 mL浓度为1 000 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液、活性炭用量为10 g时,新活性炭对亚甲基蓝的去除率为99.99%;采用700 W微波对吸附亚甲基蓝的活性炭辐射10 min进行再生并回用,经微波辐射再生10次后活性炭对亚甲基蓝的去除率为99.68%,未经微波作用反复使用10次的活性炭对亚甲基蓝的去除率为85.41%。结果表明：微波处理有效地减缓了活性炭吸附能力的下降速率,实现了活性炭再生和反复使用。在吸附过程中,Cd2＋使活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力略有下降,而共存的亚甲基蓝则促进了活性炭对Cd2＋的吸附,对新炭和再生后活性炭物理化学特性的表征证明了活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附为物理吸附,对Cd2＋的吸附为化学吸附。     

Adsorption of Cu2+ and methyl orange from aqueous solutions by activated carbons of corncob-derived char wastes

Corncob-derived char wastes (CCW) obtained from biomass conversion to syngas production through corncob steam gasification, which were often discarded, were utilized for preparation of activated carbon by calcination, and KOH and HNO₃ activation treatments, on the view of environment protection and waste recycling. Their adsorption performance in the removal of heavy metal ions and dye molecules from wastewater was evaluated by using Cu²⁺ and methyl orange (MO) as the model pollutant. The surface and structure characteristics of the CCW-based activated carbons (CACs) were investigated by N₂ adsorption, CO₂ adsorption, FT-IR, and He-TPD. The adsorption capacity varied with the activation methods of CACs and different initial solution concentrations, indicating that the adsorption behavior was influenced by not only the surface area and porosity but also the oxygen functional groups on the surface of the CACs. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed with the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models, and the adsorption kinetics was evaluated by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models.     

烧结纤维承载活性炭复合材料在苯蒸气脱除中的应用

以8μm的镍纤维和煤基活性炭为原材料,通过抄制和烧结工艺制备了烧结纤维承载活性炭粉末复合材料。为了减轻床层总重量,将这种材料和通常的颗粒状活性炭进行联合装填形成复合层,并进行了苯蒸气的吸附穿透实验。利用Wheeler方程对床层的饱和吸附容量和吸附速率常数进行了测定。结果表明,在相同的测试条件下,联合装填层比单独的颗粒炭装填层具有更好的苯蒸气脱除性能;对两种床层而言,其各自的饱和吸附容量是一个不随比速而变化的常数,而随着气流比速的增加,两种床层的吸附速度都呈增加的趋势。     

活性炭纤维对水中微囊藻毒素的吸附性能

利用活性炭纤维对水中微囊藻毒素MC—LR的吸附，研究了吸附过程的热力学与动力学特性。结果表明，活性炭纤维对MC—LR的平衡吸附量在相同温度下随MC-LR初始浓度的增加而显著增大，并随着温度升高而增加，最大吸附量达246μg／g。不同温度条件下，活性炭纤维对MC-LR的吸附均较好地符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。通过热力学分析发现，△H=15．7kJ／mol、△G〈0、△S〉0，表明该吸附是自发的、吸热的过程，温度升高有利于吸附反应。动力学研究表明，该过程符合一级动力学方程。吸附反应速率受颗粒内扩散和液膜扩散共同影响。活性炭纤维经再生后，平衡吸附量变化较小，具有良好的重复使用性能。     

CuFe2O4/activated carbon composite: a novel magnetic adsorbent for the removal of acid orange II and catalytic regeneration

CuFe2O4/activated carbon magnetic adsorbents, which combined the adsorption features of activated carbon with the magnetic and the excellent catalytic properties of powdered CuFe2O4, were developed using a simple chemical coprecipitation procedure. The prepared magnetic composites can be used to adsorb acid orange II (AO7) in water and subsequently, easily be separated from the medium by a magnetic technique. CuFe2O4/activated carbon magnetic adsorbents with mass ratio of 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2 were prepared. Magnetization measurements, BET surface area measurements, powder XRD and SEM were used to characterize the prepared adsorbents. The results indicate that the magnetic phase present is spinel copper ferrite and the presence of CuFe2O4 did not significantly affect the surface area and pore structure of the activated carbon. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm of acid orange II (AO7) onto the composites at pH 5.2 also showed that the presence of CuFe2O4 did not affect the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The thermal decomposition of AO7 adsorbed on the activated carbon and the composite was investigated by in situ FTIR, respectively. The results suggest that the composite has much higher catalytic activity than that of activated carbon, attributed to the presence of CuFe2O4. The variation of the adsorption capacity of the composites after several adsorption-regeneration cycles has also been studied.     

电吸附法去除水中刚果红的研究

以一种典型的联苯胺类直接偶氮染料刚果红为模型物,利用自制活性炭电极,研究各种因素(扫描电压、溶液初始浓度、电解质浓度、pH、电极活性炭用量等)对电吸附效果的影响.结果表明,在-1.0～1.0V的扫描电压下,刚果红没有氧化还原反应发生,电吸附是一稳定而又可逆的过程；扫描电压负极化使刚果红的吸附率降低,而正极化能明显提高吸附率,在0.9V扫描电压下的吸附率比开路(扫描电压为零)时提高了18.6百分点;刚果红溶液的初始浓度越高,吸附平衡时的吸附容量越高,但吸附率反而降低,刚果红溶液的初始质量浓度为40 mg/l时的吸附容量是10 mg/L时的4.87倍,而吸附率降低了21.4％；随着电解质Na2SO4的加入,加快了刚果红在溶液中的运动速率,但刚果红的最终去除率有所降低,并且在一定范围内Na2SO4加入的越多,刚果红的最终吸附效果越差；pH为7(未调节)时,活性炭电极对刚果红的吸附率最高,pH为2、11时,吸附率均有所降低;随着电极活性炭用量的增加,刚果红的吸附容量逐渐降低,吸附率则逐渐提高,达到吸附平衡所需时间相应也延长.     

Production of sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon for formaldehyde gas removal from potted plants exposure chamber

Agricultural wastes such as rice straw, sugar beet, and sugarcane bagasse have become a critical environmental issue due to growing agriculture demand. This study aimed to investigate the valorization possibility of sugarcane bagasse waste for activated carbon preparation. It also aimed to fully characterize the prepared activated carbon (BET surface area) via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and in terms of surface functional groups to give a basic understanding of its structure and to study the adsorption capacity of the sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon using aqueous methylene blue (MB). The second main objective was to evaluate the performance of sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon for indoor volatile organic compounds removal using the formaldehyde gas (HCHO) as reference model in two potted plants chambers. The first chamber was labeled the polluted chamber (containing formaldehyde gas without activated carbon) and the second was taken as the treated chamber (containing formaldehyde gas with activated carbon). The results indicated that the sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon has a moderate BET surface area (557 m²/g) with total mesoporous volume and microporous volume of 0.310 and 0.273 cm³/g, respectively. The prepared activated carbon had remarkable adsorption capacity for MB. Formaldehyde removal rate was then found to be more than 67% in the treated chamber with the sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon. The plants’ responses for this application as dry weight, chlorophyll contents, and protein concentration were also investigated.

Implications: Preparation of activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse (SCBAC) is a promising approach to produce cheap and efficient adsorbent for gas pollutants removal. It may be also a solution for the agricultural wastes problems in big cities, particularly in Egypt. MB adsorption tests suggest that the SCBAC have high adsorption capacity. Formaldehyde gas removal in the plant chambers indicates that the SCBAC have potential to recover volatile gases. The results confirmed that the activated carbon produced from sugarcane bagasse waste raw materials can be used as an applicable adsorbent for treating a variety of gas pollutants from the indoor environment.     

污泥基活性炭吸附Cu（2＋）的应用研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,以ZnCl2为活化剂制取污泥基活性炭。以此污泥基活性炭为吸附剂,对含Cu2＋的废水进行了吸附实验研究。考察了溶液pH值、Cu2＋的起始浓度对Cu2＋离子吸附量的影响;利用等温吸附实验作出吸附等温线,并考察了污泥基活性炭吸附剂吸附Cu2＋的动力学方程。实验结果表明,污泥基活性炭对Cu2＋具有良好的吸附性能。吸附的最佳pH值为5;吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,吸附为优惠吸附,吸附量随着吸附质溶液浓度的增加而增大;吸附平衡时间为4 h,吸附动力学符合二级动力学方程。