论生物多样性保护与社会经济持续发展的关系

在介绍生物多样性的概念及斟前失现状的基础上，重点分析了生物多样性保护与社会经济持续发展的关系，指出二者是当今人类社会面临的同一重大问题的两个方面，是一个相互依赖、相互促进的有机整体，即生物多样性保护是社会经济持续发展的物质基础，社会经济持续发展为生物多样性保护提供了物质保障。虽然生物多样性丧失这一问题产生于经济发展，但是也必然会随着社会经济的持续发展而得到解决。     

特集 生活方式与文明转型

策划人语： 生物界有食物链，社会集团有阶层分化,人类历史亦有隐性通则。技术更新换代，思维与时俱进，新的生产模式取代旧的生产模式，新的社会形态接续旧的社会形态，新的生活方式告别旧的生活方式。一句话——新陈代谢，万世不易之法则。     

环保社会组织依法参与生物多样性保护的困难检视与路径优化

环保社会组织作为政府与公民之间的桥梁成为生物多样性保护多元参与机制的重要一环,生物多样性的内在特性与时代法治特征也推动着环保社会组织的参与。但当前环保社会组织参与生物多样性保护面临着规范体系不健全、规范运行机制不稳固、参与保护效果稳定性不足的困境,主要源于公私主体意识对立、自然资源法律体制机制未完善、环保社会组织持续能力建设有待加强三个因素,其根源在于我国对于生物多样性保护与利用的认识程度以及反映到规范政策与法律运行的适应程度。应将基于自然的解决方案作为生物多样性保护指导思路,综合包容多样利益方,优化生物多样性保护整体规制运行。具体来说,通过优化整合生物多样性保护规范体制中环保社会组织规范结构、参与运行机制、持续性功能发展机制,逐步规范环保社会组织在生物多样性规范机制中的位置与路径,从而实质推进我国生物多样性保护多元参与体制的构建与完善。     

浅议自然资源的社会经济功能及有效利用

所谓自然资源就是指自然环境中构成劳动对象，进入社会生产过程的那一部分物质要素，换句话说，自然资源指的是自然界中人类可以直接获得的用于生产和生活的物质。人类的生存和社会的发展都依赖于良好的自然环境。在自然环境中；哪一些物质要素可以成为自然资源呢？这取决...     

生物多样性：人类赖以生存的物质基础

生物多样性是指一定范围内多种多样活的有机体（动物、植物、微生物）有规律地结合所构成稳定的生态综合体，是人类赖以生存的物质基础。随着人类社会的发展，自身生存的基础正在受到严重威胁，保护生物多样性已成为2l世纪全人类共同关注的重点。随着环境的污染与破坏，目前世界上的生物物种正在以每天几十种的速度消失。     

合肥“大水缸”困局——保护“大水缸”合肥在努力

水安则邦安，水兴则邦兴。亘古至今，这是人类社会公认的法则。 然而，一个不容回避的事实是，当今城市在高速发展的同时，饮用水安全问题已日益成为制约城市发展的瓶颈。 合肥，安徽省省会，一座正在飞速崛起的城市。     

环境友好型社会的核心内涵是可持续发展

环境友好型社会是一种人与自然和谐共生的社会形态。其核心内涵是人类的生产和消费活动与自然生态系统协调可持续发展。与资源节约型社会相比,环境友好型社会更为强调生产和消费活动对于自然生态环境的影响,强调人类必须将其生产和生活强度规范在生态环境的承载能力范围之内,强     

小民族文化对现代化的促进和校正

现当代人类对物质文明单向度的全力追求,使人类从物质到心灵显示出某种发展的不可持续性,这影响到国家合法性、社会凝聚、民族关系。文化多样性之于人类就像生物多样性之于自然界一样重要。保护传统文化,维护人类文化多样性,无论从宏观的人类社会．还是微观的某一具体国家,都是保证其可持续发展一个很重要的方面。小民族视大地为母亲,视同类为兄弟．他们的这种“原始、落后”．对现代化具有不可替代的促进和校正效应。     

生态文明以人类价值为核心

生物多样性既是人类赖以生存的物质基础,又是地球生物圈的存在形式。时至今日,人类社会发展进入了一个关键时期。人类社会发展很大程度上以牺牲环境,蚕食野生动植物的生境为代价,导致了严重的生态后果。生态文明是以人类价值为核心的一种伦理观。保护生物多样性,保存生物的进化潜力,就是保存人类世代发展的潜力。     

西方关于环境与发展的主要社会观点

从20世纪下半叶开始，以原子能、微电子和生物技术为代表的科技革命席卷西方世界，由此带来经济发展的新特点：生产力迅速提高，市场急剧扩大，全球经济一体化。这为生产力的发展提供了更加广阔的前景，同时也给人类的生存和发展带来了一系列全球性的问题，如环境污染、生物多样性破坏、能源枯竭、本土文化的减少和消亡、贫富差距加大等等。这些问题互相关联，直接关系人类乃至整个地球的生存和延续。而单靠某一个或某几个国家或地区的力量根本不可能从根本上解决这些问题，为此需要在世界范围内加强沟通、协商和合作。在这种现实的基础上，…     

创新型社会生活噪声污染防治体系构建研究

社会生活噪声具有量大、面广、分散、影响不持续、监管难度大等特点，本文以现代化环境治理视角和社会治理视角深入剖析了我国当前社会生活噪声污染防治存在的问题，结合社会生活噪声污染防治的特殊属性及其防治的有效实践，分析2021年新修订的《中华人民共和国噪声污染防治法》中防治措施的内在联系，提出构建创新型社会生活噪声污染防治体系。该体系要求在政府主导的环境治理领域充分发挥社会各界的力量，强化社会共治，新增公众自治，将环境治理同社会治理有机结合，既强调公众参与到政府主导的环境治理工作中，又强调社会各主体多元共治和自我管理，是社会生活噪声领域公众参与的升级版。最后，本文建议以宁静区域创建为切入点，通过有关监管部门联合发布宁静区域创建指导意见；地方政府落地实施，完善管理和技术指标体系；加大宣传教育，提高德治和自治水平，以点带面逐步拓展宁静区域范围，实现创新型社会生活噪声污染防治体系的实质有效性。     

云南少数民族地区经济社会发展失衡评价及对策研究

云南少数民族地区主要经济社会指标低于全省平均水平，经济社会发展存在很大的不平衡性，而发展失衡容易引发地区性社会风险。对云南少数民族地区经济社会发展失衡程度进行了评价，发现各少数民族地区都存在失衡现象，但各地区失衡程度不一，引发失衡的原因不同。因此，为了促进云南少数民族地区社会经济实现可持续发展，维护社会稳定，促进和谐社会的建立，提出了相应的对策来降低发展过程中的失衡效应。     

浅论经济、社会与环境三效益的矛盾与统一

阐述了经济效益、社会效益与环境效益之间的相互对立统一的辨证关系，从概念和内涵对其矛盾与统一进行了分析，从其相互关系及综合评价中说明了存在的矛盾问题及解决的方法，只有运用可持续发展的理论改变传统的发展观、自然观，人类就一定能够与环境和谐共存，达到经济、社会与环境三效益的结合与统一。     

Social innovation and the governance of sustainable places

This article explores social innovation as a tool for the promotion of place-based sustainable development. The literature highlights the satisfaction of basic needs and situations of crises as two major drivers of socially innovative actions. We use these insights to explore the conditions under which social innovation can lead to social transformation and sustainable place making. We also recognise that social processes occur through, and are shaped by, the material forms that constitute and are constituted in place-specific settings. This highlights the deep interconnections that exist between place making and the resources, attributes and characterises – the materiality (such as rivers, soil, trees) – that exist within that locality. It is here that a close tie can be discerned between understanding the adaptive process in complex socio-ecological systems and the role of social innovation in such adaptation. Socially innovative initiatives at the community level can also be scaled upwards through the co-ordinating role of the state, while at the same time act as a pressure for more participatory forms of governance. Governance processes that enhance the role of both economic and social actors in the steering of social change help to infuse more open, democratic practices into social steering. With social, economic and state actors co-mingling as agents of social change, social innovation can come to play a key role in enhancing sustainable human–environment interactions.     

Social Capital in an Outdoor Recreation Context

This study examined social capital development in three all-terrain vehicles (ATV) clubs in Maine using an adapted version of Lin’s (2001) social capital theory model. The structural components of social capital identified included collective assets and individual assets in the form of normative behavior and trust relationships. Also identified were counter-norms for individual ATV riders identified as having divergent norms from club members. The second component of social capital is access to and mobilization of network contacts and resources. Access networks in the context of the ATV clubs studied were identified as community and landowner relations while mobilization of resources was existent in club membership attempts toward self-governance and efforts of the statewide “umbrella” organization. Instrumental outcomes benefit society and expressive outcomes benefit the individual. Both types of returns are present in the data suggesting that ATV clubs are creating social capital. This is important information to clubs who desire to market themselves, improve their reputations, and enhance their volunteer association. It is of further interest to state governments who fund clubs through trail grants as proof that a return on investment is being realized. Theoretical and applied implications for these and other types of recreation-based volunteer associations (e.g., clubs, friends groups, advocacy groups) are presented.     

Urban community gardening,social capital,and "integration" – a mixed method exploration of urban "integration-gardening" in Copenhagen,Denmark

ABSTRACT

This study examines a community garden in Copenhagen, Denmark, "The Urban Integration Gardens" that endeavours to strengthen social integration in the local multicultural neighbourhood. The "community" in the gardens is explored, with a focus on how they foster social capital, particularly opportunities for "bridging" social capital. A mixed-methods approach is used, by employing a qualitative analysis of gardeners’ perceptions of "community", diversity and inclusivity, through the lens of "cognitive" social capital, and the meanings the gardeners assign to their experiences, and how they understand their involvement in the gardens. We also examine "structural" dimensions of social capital, involving quantitative data from a questionnaire and data from Statistics Denmark, comparing data concerning socio-demographic backgrounds from gardeners and residents in the local neighbourhood and Copenhagen. Major findings include that the garden generates both bonding and bridging "cognitive" social capital, and the gardeners consistently agreed that the garden has a strong community, and is permeated by diversity and inclusivity. Nonetheless, data from Denmark’s Statistics Office reveal that the garden does not "represent" the diversity in the neighbourhood regarding the distribution of members with a Western/non-Western background, as well as social class. This suggests that endeavours to involve co-citizens with non-Western backgrounds and gardeners with lower social status are restrained by potential structural barriers, which limits the "width" of bridging social capital in the garden.     

One ecosystem,one food system: the social and ecological context of food safety strategies

Eating is the most intimate relationship people can have with their environment. As people have migrated, in very large numbers, from various parts of the globe, as well as from the countryside to the city, they have brought to their new homes not only their intimate familial relationships, but also their intimate environmental relationships. Intraand international trade in human foods and animal feeds amounting to billions of dollars annually support these transplanted eating habits. Infectious disease agents, toxins and environmental contaminants of all sorts are globally distributed along with these foods. Furthermore, the internationalization of a substantial portion of the food industry, along with urbanization, has resulted in unrealistic consumer perceptions of food, and fostered ecologically and socially unsound food production and food safety practices, which themselves are creating new food safety problems. Effective food safety strategies, which by necessity must account for the contamination of the environment in which the food is grown, as well as the environments through which it passes on the way to the consumer, need to be global in both breadth (socially and geographically) and depth (ecologically). As well, the desire for democratic social control now evident throughout the world, along with this diversity of culinary tastes, suggest that a successful global food safety strategy would do well to reflect the kinds of diversity and complex interactions seen in natural ecosystems.     

Mobilisation and protest: environmental justice in Durban,South Africa

This paper examines the ability of civil society actors to champion environmental justice in an industrial risk society in South Africa by way of mobilisation and protest action. This paper presents viewpoints from key stakeholders at the Durban city level and three local case study sites to examine social capital relations to achieve environmental justice. It explores how civil society engages in social capital for mobilisation with itself and subsequent protest actions to engage with government and industry. The paper highlights that social actor response to engage in social capital for mobilisation and protests is best understood in relation to the socio-economic and political positioning of individuals or organisations.     

体育教学的社会环境探讨

通过对教学环境的系统分析(自然环境、社会环境),发现在体育教学中,社会环境因素对体育教学质量、效果的影响以及相互关系。提出了科学掌握和利用教学环境,顺应社会环境的变化发展而自我完善,促进提高体育教学质量。     

Valuing third sector sustainability organisations – qualitative contributions to systemic social transformation

The number and diversity of civil society or third sector sustainability organisations (TSSOs) have increased in recent decades. TSSOs play a prominent role in local approaches to sustainability. However, the contributions made by TSSOs are not fully understood, beyond a limited suite of quantifiable outputs and impacts. In this qualitative study, we examine how four TSSOs from two Australian regions, Tasmania and Queensland's Sunshine Coast, contribute to social transformation beyond discrete outputs. We examine the operation, ethos, scope and influence of these organisations over time. In so doing, we identify three common ways in which these organisations facilitate social change: by (i) enhancing social connectivity through boundary work; (ii) mobilising participatory citizenship and (iii) contributing to social learning. We conclude that TSSOs contribute significantly to the systemic social conditions that enable change for sustainability and the development of community resilience and well-being, but do so in ways undervalued by existing metrics, formal evaluation processes and funding models. Clearer recognition of, and strategic emphasis on, these qualitative contributions to social transformation is vital in ensuring that TSSOs remain viable and effective over the long term.