粉尘性质对电除尘器性能影响的试验研究

在半工业化的电除尘器实验系统装置上进行了烧结灰、飞灰、煤铁混合样的粒径分布及粉尘的真密度对电除尘器性能影响的实验研究。结果表明,电除尘器能有效捕集亚微米粉尘,对烧结灰净化最适合的粒径范围为1．37～2．03μm(η高达100％);对煤铁混合样的最适合粒径范围为3．30～7．25μm(η高达100％);电除尘器对煤铁混合样的粒径小于2．24μm的分级效率η高达92．36％。在同等试验条件下,电除尘器对烧结灰和煤铁混合样的总除尘效率为96．87％,高于飞灰的总除尘效率92．61％。     

磺胺间甲氧嘧啶在土壤中的吸附/解吸特性研究

通过吸附/解吸动力学、吸附/解吸热力学试验研究了磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)在河南土壤上的吸附/解吸行为,并分析了影响SMM吸附/解吸的因素。结果表明,SMM在土壤中的吸附系数为18.9mL/g,土壤有机碳吸附系数为466.2mL/g,SMM在土壤中具有一定的移动性,对地下水和地表水存在一定的污染风险;描述SMM吸附过程的最优动力学方程为一级反应动力学方程,土壤对SMM的吸附近似于一级反应,且SMM在土壤中的吸附以物理吸附为主;用Freundlich方程来描述SMM在土壤的等温吸附行为最适宜,且SMM在土壤中的吸附经验常数的倒数均小于1,属于L-型吸附等温线。     

不同尾水输送方案对尾水水质的影响研究

通过管道实验和明渠实验模拟尾水输送过程,研究不同输送方案对尾水中COD、BOD5、SS、TN、氨氮、TP、DO、雌酮(E1)、辛基酚(OP)、壬基酚(4-n-NP)等指标的去除规律,为徐州市截污导流工程尾水输送方案的选取提供理论依据.结果表明:(1)除DO、TP和SS外,管道输送方案对其他指标的控制能力均优于明渠;管道输送过程中,除SS和TN外,污染物的浓度变化主要发生在0～48 h.(2)在选择管道输送方案的基础上,可以考虑在实际输送时提高流速,缩短尾水在管道中的停留时间.     

Column study of the influence of air humidity on the retention of hydrocarbons on soil

Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is used for the analysis of the influence of air relative humidity on the retention of hexane, benzene, toluene and p-xylene in a sandy soil under experimental conditions similar to those typical of soil vapor extraction (SVE). The advantages of IGC over other techniques, are (a) an efficient use of lab resources, (b) a high sensitivity to low partitioning coefficients and (c) a closer reproduction of field conditions. In our procedure, experiments with only two samples of different mass are necessary to establish if linear isotherms can be used to describe the retention of the contaminants. This approach gives information necessary for analyzing the feasibility and design of remediation technologies with a laboratory effort significantly smaller than the adsorption/desorption cycle for isotherm determination. The retention coefficients of the contaminants decrease as humidity increases in a similar fashion for all of them, probably because the reduction in the number of the adsorption sites available for the organic compounds due to the presence of water is quite similar for all the contaminants studied. These retention coefficients may be related to those obtained for dry air conditions for all the contaminants through (R - 1)RH% = A(R - 1)dry air(B), where the parameter B is found to remain approximately constant (0.90), while the parameter A decreases linearly with the relative moisture.     

基于CFD的滤袋内侧磨损失效过程分析

针对某燃煤热电厂袋式除尘器滤袋破损和多次换袋检修失效现象,采用气固两相流数值模拟方法,对清灰气流含尘浓度过高导致滤袋破损失效的演变过程进行了分析,并结合现场调研和破损滤袋检测结果,明确了产生此类故障的原因.结果表明:喷吹总气量的22％为诱导气流,袋口上方的诱导气流速度接近7 m·s-1,上箱体内悬浮颗粒甚至袋口周边沉积...     

Observations on the influence of water and soil pH on the persistence of insecticides

Abstract

The pH‐disappearance rate profiles were determined at ca. 25°C for 24 insecticides at 4 or 5 pH values over the range 4.5 to 8.0 in sterile phosphate buffers prepared in water‐ethanol (99: 1 v/v). Half‐lives measured at pH 8 were generally smaller than at lower pH values. Changes in half lives between pH 8.0 and 4.5 were largest (>1000x) for the aryl carbamates, carbofuran and carbaryl, the oxime carbamate, oxamyl, and the organophosphorus insecticide, trichlorfon. In contrast, half lives of phorate, terbufos, heptachlor, fensulfothion and aldicarb were affected only slightly by pH changes. Under the experimental conditions described half lives at pH8 varied from 1–2 days for trichlorfon and oxamyl to >1 year for fensulfothion and cyper‐methrin. Insecticide persistence on alumina (acid, neutral and basic), mineral soils amended with aluminum sulfate or calcium hydroxide to different pH values and four natural soils of different pH was examined. No correlation was observed between the measured pH of these solids and the rate of disappearance of selected insecticides applied to them. These observations demonstrate the difficulty of extrapolating the pH dependent disappearance behaviour observed in homogeneous solution to partially solid heterogeneous systems such as soil.     

泥沙起动临界状态对底泥内源释放的影响研究

通过波浪水槽试验,研究了泥沙起动临界状态时太湖贡湖湾底泥内源释放的特点。结果表明,当底泥处于泥沙起动临界状态时,底泥以上1cm处上覆水中溶解氧在前15min内呈降低趋势,由初始7.5mg/L左右降低至7.0mg/L以下;约20min后,溶解氧总体呈升高趋势,最高达到8.12mg/L;底泥以上1cm处上覆水中硝态氮、亚硝态氮、氨氮和磷酸根等营养盐浓度仅在过程中有不同程度的波动,试验前后基本保持不变。初步研究结果可见,在波浪水槽试验的条件下,泥沙起动临界状态在短时间内能降低水-沉积物界面上覆水的溶解氧浓度,而从环境效应角度看对太湖贡湖湾底泥内源释放没有影响。     

Study on the cytotoxicity of microcystin-LR on cultured cells

The toxicity of purified blue-green algal toxin, microcystin-LR, on permanent cell lines KB, NIH/3T3, H-4-II-E, HeLa, Vero, Hep G2, Caco-2 and HL-60 was studied. Assessment of cell viability using colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays indicated that purified microcystin-LR induced toxic effect on KB and H-4-II-E cell lines after 96 h incubation at toxin concentrations greater than 18.75 microg/ml. KB cell line was selected for further study when reproducibility, consistency and sensitivity were considered. Significant amounts of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were released from KB cells when incubation durations were 72 and 96 h with toxin concentrations of 18.75 microg/ml and higher. Although previous studies suggested that microcystin-LR had no cytotoxic effect on permanent cell lines, LDH release assay performed on KB cells indicated that exposure to microcystin-LR could result in damage to the cell membrane.     

底栖动物螺蛳对池塘底泥及水质的原位修复效果研究

以螺蛳为净化生物,研究了直接向养殖塘中放养螺蛳对鲫鱼养殖塘的底泥和水质的改善效果.结果表明,通过直接放养螺蛳使得养殖塘水质的污染状况有所缓解,然而改善前后水体的内梅罗综合污染指数仍同属于重污染等级.因此仅采用直接放养螺蛳的方法对养殖塘进行底泥修复还不能使养殖塘水质得以彻底净化,应与其他修复技术配合使用,从而达到更好的底...     

混凝剂对生物造粒流化床污泥中微生物生理生态的影响研究

为了系统研究聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对生物造粒流化床颗粒污泥生理生态的影响,对投加PAC或PAM后活性污泥的特性和硝化菌群的空间分布进行了对比研究,同时考察了投加混凝剂后的污染物去除效果.结果表明,与不投加混凝剂相比,投加PAC后,运行60 d时反应器中混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)、混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS)浓度分别提高了73％、29％；通过平板计数法计算结果可知,未投加混凝剂、投加PAC、投加PAM的反应器中微生物的增长是非常稳定的,投加PAC或PAM都促进了细菌的生长和繁殖；荧光原位杂交鉴定结果表明,各个反应器中亚硝化菌(AOB)或硝化菌(NOB)所占比例均基本相当,且AOB数量均略高于NOB数量；投加PAC或PAM都能够提高COD的去除率；投加PAC可大大提高TP的去除率；3个反应器中各种形态氮的去除效果非常接近,脱氮主要靠硝化菌群的生物降解作用,投加PAC或PAM对微生物的硝化作用没有抑制.     

香菇菌渣对土壤微生态的影响

为研究香菇菌渣添加对土壤质量改善的效果和机制,在土壤中添加质量分数为0(对照)、1.5％、3.0％、4.5％的香菇菌渣进行培养处理,并定期检测土壤中各类微生物的数量与某些酶活性.结果表明:添加香菇菌渣对土壤微生物数量和酶活性都有不同程度的提高作用,其中真菌数量、放线菌数量、几丁质酶活性和脱氢酶活性均随添加量的增加而增大,说明香菇菌渣能够增加土壤中微生物群落的规模,从根本上有利于土壤质量的改善,同时还增强了土壤潜在的抑病能力；4.5％处理的平均真菌数量、放线菌数量、几丁质酶活性、脱氢酶活性分别为对照的1 399.00％、2 773.33％、1 309.36％、2 512.29％.     

基于最佳聚类数的水环境生态补偿标准研究

在污染治理成本法确定生态补偿标准已有研究的基础上,对大样本重叠数据进行最佳聚类分析,以聚类后的样本数据建立拟合曲线模型,并对建立的模型方程进行统计检验,通过统计检验的方程确定为核算生态补偿标准的模型方程.同时,以河南省辖淮河流域63座城市污水处理厂数据进行实证分析,在确定最佳聚类分组后,采用SPSS软件进行曲线拟合,并对拟合的方程进行检验和选择,最终确定生态补偿标准.     

浅谈ANAMMOX反应的启动研究

厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）是一种新型的生物脱氮技术，在废水处理方面具有良好的应用前景。但由于厌氧氨氧化细菌生长缓慢，倍增时间长达11d，因此，厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动成为众多学者的研究对象。文中概述了近年来的学者们在研究厌氧氨氧化启动时，以选择不同反应器、接种不同污泥和采用不同方法，富集培养的过程及经验。同时通过分析启动过程中各种氮的变化情况，来进一步理解启动过程。     

基于DRASTIC的包气带阻滞污染物能力研究

对包气带阻滞污染物能力的研究,对保护地下水脆弱性具有重要意义.将传统DRASTIC方法结合层次分析法,对各评价指标赋以新的权重,并依托地理信息系统(GIS)平台,对河南省土壤包气带阻滞污染物的能力进行评价,得到了河南省包气带阻滞能力分区图.结果表明,针对现状所进行的包气带阻滞污染物能力的评价对实际情况具有一定的代表性,...     

Studies on the sorption behaviors of nitrobenzene on marine sediments

The sorption behaviors of nitrobenzene on marine sediments were systematically investigated in this study. The nitrobenzene sorption on both HCl-treated and untreated sediments accorded well with the linear sorption isotherm. It occurred primarily through partition function of organic carbon of sediments. In comparison, the sorption behavior of nitrobenzene on H2O2-treated sediments was nonlinear and conformed to Langmuir isotherm. Sorption of nitrobenzene on H2O2-treated sediment was mainly through surface function of sediment minerals such as clays. With the increase of ionic strength (salinity), solubility of nitrobenzene in solution would decrease. At the same time, the release of dissolvable part of organic carbon into water solution would also decrease. As a result, partition coefficient and saturate adsorption amount of nitrobenzene on marine sediments increased with increasing salinity of seawater. Contrary to the influence of salinity, partition coefficient and saturate adsorption amount of nitrobenzene decreased with increasing temperature.