Brief Analysis of the Risk of Urban Water Disaster

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｃｉｔｙ，ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓａｐｌａｃｅｗｉｔｈｍｏｓｔｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ，ａｃｔｓａｓｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌ，ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｎｄｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｃｅｎ－ｔｅｒ．Ｏｎｃｅｈｉｔｂｙｗａｔｅｒｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒ，ｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｗｉｌｌｃａｕｓｅｈｅａｖｙｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｌｏｓｓ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ，ｉｔ＇ｓｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｏｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｂｅｔｔｅｒｔｈｅｕｒｂａｎｗａｔｅｒｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒａｎｄｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｔｈｅｓｅｎｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｄａ…     

Message of Congratulation

Ｍｒ．Ｃｈａｉｒｍａｎ，Ｄｅｌｅｇａｔｅｓ，ＰｌｅａｓｅｄｔｏｌｅａｒｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＷｏｒｋｓｈｏｐｏｎＮａｔｕｒａｌＤｉｓａｓｔｅｒＭａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｉｓｂｅｉｎｇｈｅｌｄｉｎＢｅｉｊｉｎｇ．Ｉｗｏｕｌｄｌｉｋｅｔｏｅｘｔｅｎｄｍｙｗａｒｍｃｏｎｇｒａｔｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｃｈｉｎａｉｓａｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｔｈａｔｓｕｆｆｅｒｓｆｒｏｍｃｏｍｐａｒａｔｉｖｅｌｙｍｏｒｅｎａｔｕｒａｌｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒｓ．ＴｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＧｏｖｅｒｎ－ｍｅｎｔａｔｔａｃｈｅｓｇｒｅａｔ…     

The Origin of Downstream Drain age of the Yellow River

Ｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｏｆｗａｔｅｒｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄａｓ＂ｔｈｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｆｌｉｆｅ＂，＂ｔｈｅｌｉｆｅｂｌｏｏｄｏｆｃｒｅａｔｕｒｅｓ＂ａｎｄ＂ｔｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒｏｆｈｕｍａｎｃｉｖｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ＂．Ｓｉｎｃｅａｎｃｉ...     

The Theory and Method on Assessment of Economic Loss of Disaster

1TkeDefinitionandCIassificationofDisasterLossIngeneral,thenaturaldisasterlossisadeclinemeasurethatcausedbynaturaldisasterendan-geredhumanbeingsurvivalanddevelopment.Itcanbedividedintotwoparts-economiclossandnon-economicloss,accordingtodifferentobjectofdestroy.Onthecharacteristicoflossofnaturaldisaster(fromhereon,thelossreferstoeconomiclossifnotbenoted),aswellastheneedsofassessment,thelosscanbeclassifiedasinFig-l.(1)Thelossofbusinessfirmassetsandhouseholdpropertiesarethevaluereductionofasset…     

The Death of Humanitarianism?: An Anatomy of the Attack

Over recent years, the humanitarian community has been under increasing scrutiny and attracted harsh criticism. This mounting critique of humanitarianism has shifted from being concerned primarily with the poor functioning of the humanitarian system to one targeted on basic humanitarian values. This paper is concerned to understand the factors driving the attack on humanitarian values. It identifies four apparently disparate groups who are interested in attacking these values: the anti-imperialists, the realpolitikers, the developmentalists and the neo-peaceniks. It concludes that unless humanitarian actors are aware of these diverse threats to their values and operations, they risk being co-opted or marginalised.     

Summary Account of Natural Disaster Situationsfor the First Quarter of 1997

Duringthistime,snowdisaster,earthquake,drought,stormandfloodsmainlyoccurredinChina.Thedisasterscausedthedeathof68personsandinjuriesof594.Asmanyas246,oooroomscolIapsed.Damagesdidto6.2millionhaofcrops.Thedirecteconomiclossestotalled1.73billionyuanRMB.Xinjiang,Yunnan,Henan,ChongqingandGansuareamongtheseprovinceswithgreatlosses.Thedisasterssharedthefollowingfeatures:(1)variouskindsofnaturaldisasters,inparticularearthquakeandsnowdisasters;(2)theconcentrationofdisasteraffectedregion.Earthquakem…     

Strategic Orientation and Basic Exploration Thinking of the Western Development of China

1 Western development strategy is nationwide. The Western development strategy is initiated from the general goal, the overall arrangement and the general strategic deployment of the nation's development. The followings are included: (1) the initiative factors of the western development strategy are: a tremendous economic growth in the eastern and coastal area of China; an unprecedented development of the national abilities on investment and independent growth; the widening gap between the ea…     

A Brief Introduction of Natural Disasters in the First Half of Year 1998

Ｔｈｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｈａｄｓｕｆｅｒｅｄｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｎａｔｕｒａｌｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｈａｌｆｏｆｙｅａｒ１９９８，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｓｎｏｗｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒｓ，ｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓ，ｈａｉｌｓｔｏｒｍｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒｓ，ｓａ...     

Local perception of infrequent,extreme upland flash flooding: prisoners of experience?

The United Kingdom has experienced several exceptional summer flash floods in recent years and there is growing concern about the frequency of such events and the preparedness of the population. This paper uses a case study of the upper Ryedale flash flood (2005) and questionnaire and interview data to assess local perceptions of upland flash flooding. Experience of a major flash flood may not be associated with increased flood risk perception. Despite local residents’ awareness of a trend towards wetter summers and more frequent heavy rainfall, the poor maintenance of rivers was more frequently thought to be a more significant factor influencing local flood risk than climate change. Such findings have important implications for the potential success of contemporary national flood policies, which have put greater emphasis on public responsibility for responding to flooding. This study recommends, therefore, the use of fresh participatory approaches to redistribute and raise awareness of locally‐held flood knowledge.     

The Brief Introduction to the Center of Disaster Reduction,Chinese Academy of Sciences

TheCenterofDisasterReduction,ChineseAcademyofSciencesisestablishedonSeptember14,1995.Itisanunionofoverfortyinstituteswhichareengagedinthestudyfordisasterreduction.Theaimsare:bymakingfulluseoftheadvantagesofdisasterreductioninCASsuchasmultiplesbjects,richadvdncedtechnologyandstrongcomprehensiveresearchtheory,activelypartakingintheplanofscientificfieldfordisasterreductionandtheformulationoffcorrespondingpriorityproject;assistingCNCIDNDRandsomenationaldepartmentstocarryoutandformulatenatio…     

The Disaster Reduction Plan of the People's Republic of China (1998～2010)

Ⅰ．ＧｅｎｅｒａｌＳｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆＮａｔｕｒａｌＤｉｓａｓｔｅｒａｎｄＤｉｓａｓｔｅｒＲｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ１．ＧｅｎｅｒａｌＳｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆＮａｔｕｒａｌＤｉｓａｓｔｅｒａ．ＴｈｅｎａｔｕｒａｌｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｒｅｃｈａｒ...     

A Case Study of Tianjin on the Recovery and Reconstruction of Large Cities after Earthquake

Forthepast20years,strongearthquakeshitthemainlandofourcountryoneafteranother,affectingsomelarge-and-mediumscalecities.WhatneedsspecialmentionisthebigearthquakeinTangshancity,whichcausedseveredamagetoTangshan,Tianjinandotherneighbouringcities.Therecoveryandreconstructionofthesecitieshavebeenacommonandprominentissue.NowIwilltakeanexampleoftheurbanareaofTianjinrnunicipalitytohaveacasestudyonhowtostartrecoveryworkwithrespecttoinfrastructureandbuildingcomplexityaftertheearthquakeinTangshanin1976,…     

The Annual Assessment of Wind Energy

Itisbecomingthetrendofinternationalelectricaldevelopmenttogenerateelectricitybythenewenergyresources.Intherecentyears,thegeneratedelectricitybythewindhasbecomeonepartoftheenergyresourceswhichineverykindofenergyresourcesrapidlyincrease.Inthepresentday,theinstalledcapacityofwindelectricityhasreached4.9millionthousandwattinthewholeworld,anditstillincreaseatahigherspeed.InChina,the14windelectricityfieldshavebeenbuiltoneafteranothersince1986;thetotalloadingcapacityare5O,OOokWltheloadingcapacityar…     

The International Seminar Convened in Beijing on the Promulgation and the Implementation of“Natural Disaster Reduction Plan of the People's Republic of China”

ＴｈｅＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＳｅｍｉｎａｒＣｏｎｖｅｎｅｄｉｎＢｅｉｊｉｎｇｏｎｔｈｅＰｒｏｍｕｌｇａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅＩｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆ＂ＮａｔｕｒａｌＤｉｓ┐ａｓｔｅｒＲｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＰｌａｎｏｆｔｈｅＰｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓＲｅｐ...     

How near is near? The distance perceptions of residents of a nuclear emergency planning zone

This paper reports the results of a study conducted within the emergency planning zone (EPZ) of the Nine Mile Point (NMP) nuclear complex located in Oswego County, New York. An EPZ is the area in the vicinity of a nuclear power plant for which detailed plans are implemented for the management of emergencies and for the communication of the risks of nuclear energy production. EPZs are subdivided into emergency response planning areas (ERPAs) according to distance from the plant. This study aimed at discovering how residents of the NMP EPZ perceived distance to the nuclear plant. Distance was conceptualized in five different and complementary ways: estimated straight line distance, estimated driving distance, actual straight distance, actual driving distance and perceived distance. The results indicate that people living at a very short distance from the nuclear plant perceive and estimate distance differently than people living farther away. These results have policy implications and suggest alternative and potentially more efficient ways to redesign ERPAs. Fundamental geographic variables and concepts such as distance, location, proximity and their associated human perceptions are important human dimensions of risk analysis. These results should be of interest to nuclear emergency planners and are probably applicable to many other hazard planning activities.     

Qpening of International Conference on Seismic Resistance Achievements of Tangshan Recovery and Reconstruction Resistance and Disaster Prevention Technology The 12th National Meeting of Seismic Resistance

Internationalconferenceonseismicresistanceanddisasterpreventiontechnologyandonachieve-mentsofTangshanrecoveryandreconstrction,organizedjointlybytheMinistryofConstructionofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaandthePeople'sGovernmentofHebeiProvince,andthe12thNationalMeetingofSeismicResistance,organizedbytheMinistryofConstructionofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,wereheldinTangshanfromJuly18to2OandfromJuly22to23,l996respectively.Inthefirstmeetingoftwoabove-mentioned,therewerehundredsrepresentativesfromC…     

A Summary Account of the Natural Disaster Situations in the First Half of 1997 in China

Inthefirsthalfof1997,therehadbeendifferentkindsofnaturalcalamitiesstrikingseveralpartsofChinasuchasdisastersofsnow,earthquake,drought,windandhail,raingust,floodsandwaterlogging,andicerun.ClosingJune30,thepopulationaffectedbyvariouskindsofdisastersreachedasmanyas76.72millionpeopleand39.84millionpeopleweredirectvictimsofthesedisasters.1,119peoplediedand24,000peoplewereinjured.Apopulationof630,000wasbesiegedbyfloods;809,000housesweredestroyed;26.7millionhaofcropsweredamagedand890,000peoplehadtobe…     

Analysis of the Characteristics of "94.6" Catastrophic Storm Rainfall and Flood-waterlogging in Zhujiang River Basin

ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆ＂９４．６＂ＣａｔａｓｔｒｏｐｈｉｃＳｔｏｒｍＲａｉｎｆａｌａｎｄＦｌｏｏｄ┐ｗａｔｅｒｌｏｇｇｉｎｇｉｎＺｈｕｊｉａｎｇＲｉｖｅｒＢａｓｉｎＬｉａｎｇＢｉｑｉ（ＮａｔｕｒａｌＤｉｓａｓｔｅ...     

Accomplishments of Forest Disaster Reduction in China

Forest disasters mainly refer to insect pest,rodent damage,forest fire and frost damage.Snowdamage,windstorm,drought,flooding,landslide,mud-rock flow,environmental pollution andso on all cause damages to forest resources.The greatest damage is caused by forest disease,insect pests,rodents and fire.With the large-scale exploiture and serious denudation of primitivesecondary forests,the appearance of artificial pure forests on a massive scale and the deteriorationof the national forest eco-envir…     

《Journal of Mountain Science》创刊

英文学术季刊《JournalofMountainScience》(简称JMS ,中文译名《山地科学学报》)于2 0 0 4年4月开始和读者见面了。JMS由中国科学院主管,中国科学院·水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所主办,科学出版社出版。山地是地球生命支持系统的重要组成部分。山地为人类提供了70 %的淡水资源、丰富多样的生物资源和矿产资源、广袤的空间资源和优美的景观资源。全世界约有5 0 %的人口依赖山地资源而生存。同时,山地又是地球各圈层交互作用最为复杂、地球表生过程最为活跃、全球变化影响最为强烈、人类活动与环境相互作用层次最多的地区,具有生物多…