新疆工业固体废物状况及对策与建议

根据新疆工业固体废物的产生特点及工业固体废物处理处置现状,提出适用于本地的对策与建议。     

中国固体废物中镉检测能力现状与检测方法分析

2020年9月,新修订的《固体废物污染环境防治法》正式生效,固体废物污染防治相关制度进一步完善。为了解和掌握国内环境检测实验室固体废物检测能力水平,为环境管理部门提供客观准确的数据支撑,该研究组织了31个省(自治区、直辖市)各级各类生态环境检验检测机构共计368家实验室开展了固体废物中镉实验室间比对研究,利用稳健统计技术统计分析比对结果。结果显示:省级站、地市级以上站和社会化检测机构检测合格率分别为97.0%、89.8%、81.0%,整体合格率为87.5%,表明目前国内环境监测领域各级各类实验室固体废物中镉的整体检测能力较好。对实验室使用的检测方法进行分析比较,结果表明使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法的比对结果合格率最高(96.0%),其次为石墨炉原子吸收法(84.4%)、电感耦合等离子体法(83.9%),而火焰原子吸收法的合格率仅为57.9%,建议实验室应慎重选择使用火焰原子吸收法检测固体废物中低浓度的镉。     

荒漠地区含油废水资源化的利用途径和权益分析

通过介绍克拉玛依市六、九区含油废水的来源、处理现状等情况,从生态、社会和经济效益角度出发,分析了不同用途的水资源化利用的可行性,并进行了经济可行性分析,得到含油废水用于绿化和生态建设的最佳可行方案。     

城市垃圾及其它有害废物的焚烧处理技术现状与展望

本文概述了国内外城市垃圾和有害废物焚烧处地设备的发展与应用现状并展望了今后２０年废物焚烧处理技术与应用的发展趋势。     

柳州市岩溶地区石漠化现状与发展趋势

对柳州岩溶地区的特点以及石漠化现状进行了概述,并对柳州石漠化的发展趋势进行了预测,旨在给石漠化的生态治理提供一定的理论指导．     

城市非点源污染的现状与防治措施

本文主要介绍了城市非点源污染的特点、来源和危害,并根据其特点,提出了防治非点源污染的措施。     

基于信息资源规划的流域水环境数据中心设计与实践

由于跨界和跨部门等原因导致的流域水环境数据信息标准不一,无法有效共享、综合利用等问题,是目前水环境信息使用过程中的主要问题之一.基于信息资源规划理论,充分调研水环境监测管理、政府规划与决策、科学技术研究和社会公众使用等对水环境监测信息的需求,以太湖流域为例,分析与水环境相关各种数据资源,研究流域水环境信息的数据体系及数据库体系,设计并建立流域水环境数据中心,初步完成太湖流域水环境数据的管理、分析及共享服务平台设计,为流域水环境监测信息综合管理做出了示范.     

江苏省工业VOCs排放现状与管理对策研究

运用排放因子法估算了江苏省主要工业行业VOCs排放量,结果显示石油炼制、有机化工、医药制造、装备涂装是排放量大的重点行业。基于江苏省VOCs排放与控制现状的分析,阐述了石油化工行业是工业VOCs管理控制的重点和难点,在研究总结国内外先进管理经验的基础上,提出了江苏省应在加快制定排放标准、制定企业监管措施、加强监控能力建设等建议,对地方大气环境管理具有参考价值。     

公路交通噪声分析与防治措施

本文对公路交通噪声实地监测的结果及其对沿线社会环境和居民健康的影响进行了综合分析,并对常见的公路交通降噪措施进行了分析比较．     

畜禽养殖业污染状况及管理对策

分析了畜禽养殖业对农村环境污染的严重性,阐述了畜禽粪便的综合利用途径,提出了防止畜禽养殖污染的管理对策和措施。     

城市电子废弃物资源化管理模式构想

通过对惠州市电子废弃物收集体系组成、去向以及电子废弃物处置方式的调查,分析惠州市电子废弃物收集和处置存在的一系列问题,结合实际提出了城市电子废弃物资源化管理模式的初步构想。     

新疆石化企业废水贮用现状及存在的问题

为掌握新疆石化企业的废水贮用现状,对新疆几个石化企业废水蓄水库运营状况及排水灌溉利用方式进行了调查分析。提出了石化企业废水冬贮及灌溉利用系统的未来管理重点和改进方向。并提出,解决新疆未来石化类工业园区排水出路问题时应注重技术进步,倡导循环经济和生态工业园区模式,因地制宜确定排水方案,应积极推进排水受纳区环境保护与资源化利用相结合的石化企业排水模式。     

Waste management modeling by MARKAL model: A case study for Basilicata Region

Air pollution is one of the most pressing environmental problems which affects likewise urban, industrial and rural areas. Environmental planners, regulators and decision makers need reliable, scientifically based tools to find out strategies for controlling air pollution in a cost-effective way, taking into account the whole productive system. In this framework the basic elements of energy-environmental planning have to be extended to include also waste processing technologies amongst the usually considered pollution sources. Bottom-up optimizing models, based on linear programming techniques and customized for specific cases, represent a powerful tool in energy-environmental management. This paper focuses on the integrated modeling of material flows and energy system performed on a local scale case study (Basilicata Region, Southern Italy) using the linear programming model IEA-MARKAL. We have evaluated the feasibility of the model in representing the waste management system to estimate the environmental impact of the waste processing technologies in the context of the whole productive system. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out to emphasize the connections between tariffs, waste disposal technologies assessment and atmospheric emissions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

固体废弃物浸出毒性特性及美国EPA的实验室测定(续完)

围绕固体废弃物浸出毒性特性这个中心,综述了它在有害废弃物的鉴别和管理,在执行陆地处置限制法规过程中的重要作用。以及在保护水资源,特别是地下水资源方面的重要意义,并简要介绍和评论了美国固体废弃物浸出毒性的实验室测定方法ETP和TCLP。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰中二噁英类的研究概况

随着垃圾焚烧技术的推广应用,焚烧产生的污染越来越受关注,本文介绍了二噁英的检测方法、垃圾焚烧飞灰中二噁英的分布、影响因素及飞灰的处置和综合利用技术研究概况。     

Determination of Background Concentrations of Inorganics in Soils and Sediments at Hazardous Waste Sites

Hazardous waste sites may pose a threat to human health and the environment when toxic substances are released. However, the contaminants present at a waste site may have originated on-site (i.e., resulting from releases attributable to site activities) or off-site (i.e., resulting from sources not on-site). Off-site substances may result either from natural sources (e.g., erosion of naturally occurring mineral deposits) or anthropogenic sources (e.g., widespread contamination from automobile exhaust in urban areas). To determine the appropriate action to take at a hazardous waste site, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must distinguish between substances directly attributable to the hazardous waste site (i.e., site contaminants) and those attributable to natural background concentrations. The most important factor to consider when determining background concentrations is to ensure that the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the media to be sampled at both the contaminated site and the background site are as similar as possible. Inorganics, in particular metals, are addressed. Radionuclides are not specifically addressed; however, metals with radioactive isotopes that may be encountered at hazardous waste sites are included. There are references and data included in this paper that provide average concentrations and reference values for selected soils and sediments in the United States. Suggested sampling and monitoring design approaches that could be used by scientists and engineers faced with how to determine background concentrations are identified. The issues discussed include the selection of background sampling locations, considerations in the selection of sampling procedures, and statistical analyses for determining whether contaminant levels are significantly different on a potential waste site compared with a background site.     

Leachate Characterization and Assessment of Groundwater Pollution Near Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site

Leachate and groundwater samples were collected from Gazipur landfill-site and its adjacent area to study the possible impact of leachate percolation on groundwater quality. Concentration of various physico-chemical parameters including heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) and microbiological parameters (total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC)) were determined in groundwater and leachate samples. The moderately high concentrations of Cl⁻, NO⁻ ₃, SO²⁻ ₄, NH⁺ ₄, Phenol, Fe, Zn and COD in groundwater, likely indicate that groundwater quality is being significantly affected by leachate percolation. Further they proved to be as tracers for groundwater contamination. The effect of depth and distance of the well from the pollution source was also investigated. The presence of TC and FC in groundwater warns for the groundwater quality and thus renders the associated aquifer unreliable for domestic water supply and other uses. Although some remedial measures are suggested to reduce further groundwater contamination via leachate percolation, the present study demand for the proper management of waste in Delhi.     

An Interval-Parameter Fuzzy-Stochastic Programming Approach for Municipal Solid Waste Management and Planning

In this study, an integrated fuzzy-stochastic linear programming model is developed and applied to municipal solid waste management. Methods of chance-constrained programming and fuzzy linear programming are incorporated within a general interval-parameter mixed-integer linear programming framework. It improves upon the existing optimization methods with advantages in uncertainty reflection, data availability, and computational requirement. The model can be used for answering questions related to types, times and sites of solid waste management practices, with the objective of minimizing system costs over the planning horizon. The model can effectively reflect dynamic, interactive, and uncertain characteristics of municipal waste management systems. In its solution process, the model is transformed into two deterministic submodels, corresponding to upper and lower bounds of the desired objective function values under a given significance level, based on an interactive algorithm. Results of the method's application to a hypothetical case indicate that reasonable outputs have been obtained. It demonstrates the practical applicability of the proposed methodology.     

城市污水处理厂污泥及剩余麻黄废渣堆肥化研究

对城市污水污泥与麻黄废渣进行堆肥无害化处理,考察了温度、水分、pH及各有机成分的变化趋势,探讨了堆肥腐熟度的指标。