美国非点源参与点源水质交易的法律问题研究

美国是世界上最先探索非点源参与点源水质交易的国家之一,其在水质交易的研究、试点、推广和立法等方面均进行了大量长期的实践,并积累了较多的经验.介绍了美国《清洁水法》和相关州法律关于非点源参与点源水质交易的法律规定,研究了交易驱动力、赋予非点源交易权、鼓励综合许可证和实行多方参与并实行成本分摊等在非点源参与点源水质交易项目...     

非点源污染模型参数数字化及不确定性研究进展

非点源污染模型是非点源污染量化研究的重要内容.目前,非点源污染模型数量繁多,集总模型不考虑时空变异性,适用流域面积小;分布式模型利用网格划分流域,可以模拟时空变异性,但参数繁多、率定困难、精度达不到要求、难以收集与管理.而全球定位系统、地理信息系统和遥感(合称3S)技术的应用,可以解决参数的选择问题,减少模型中的不确定成分.因此,在未来的非点源污染模型研究中,应重点关注利用3S技术解决参数的选择问题,以及模型参数的敏感性分析和不确定性分析.概述了非点源污染模型的研究进展,重点介绍了3S技术在非点源污染模型中的应用和非点源污染模型中的不确定性分析.     

地表水环境非点源污染研究

地表水环境的非点源污染已越来越受到人们的重视。在阐述非点源污染的概念、危害性的基础上,对国内外地表水环境非点源污染研究现状进行综述。分析了国内外研究存在的不足。讨论了地表水环境非点源污染研究的未来发展趋势     

香溪河流域土地利用格局演变对非点源污染的影响研究

以分布式模型SWAT为研究工具,在气候、土壤等因素不变的情况下,模拟了三峡库区香溪河流域土地利用格局演变对于非点源污染的影响.研究结果表明,自20世纪80年代至2007年,研究区由土地利用所造成的非点源污染TN总体呈减少趋势,4种土地利用情景下模拟得到的年均非点源污染TN分别为1 841.60、824.86、1 790...     

海岸带狭义非点源污染的研究现状

非点源污染已经成为中国海洋环境重要的污染源,目前的非点源实验和研究多集中在流域、湖泊和水库范围内,缺乏针对海岸带区域的非点源污染的研究,这类狭义非点源是在雨水作用下直接以地表径流和地下渗透的方式进入沿岸海域的。现今在沿海地区,这类非点源对海洋环境的影响越来越大,由于缺乏完善的政策法规、监测手段、计算方法和防治措施,国内外学者对这部分狭义非点源污染的关注度较小,因而如何科学地认识并有效控制狭义非点源污染成为一个紧迫的研究课题。通过对狭义非点源在法律法规、存在特征和防治措施等方面存在的问题和进展加以探讨,以引起相关研究学者的重视。     

大浦镇农村生活污染公众调查研究

以毗邻太湖的宜兴市大浦镇为例,在环境现状调查和公民环境意识调查的基础上,对水网区农村生活引起的非点源污染问题进行了调查研究。分析了研究区农村厕所的类型和生活污水的排放途径,得出了各类型厕所使用比例、生活污水直接或间接排向河流的排放比例。指出农村生活引起的非点源污染已成为水网区非点源污染的重要组成部分。     

非点源废水排放实施强制措施的法律

美国环境法律研究所的一份名为“控制非点源水污染的强制性州际法律年鉴”的报告指出 ,虽然对于非点源污染 ,非强制性措施仍是州际水污染控制的核心 ,但大多数州法律中均有对非点源废水排放实施强制措施的法律。诸如森林、农业和一些经常会导致非点源废水排放的发展项目被确定为适用可实施强制行动的法律。非点源废水排放实施强制措施的法律@舟人     

鄱阳湖水文特征及其对水质的影响研究

根据2008年鄱阳湖4个典型监测站(星子站、蛤蟆石站、都昌站、康山站)的水位、水质实测数据,分析了鄱阳湖氨氮、高锰酸盐指数年非点源负荷比例,初步探讨了水质对水位变化、换水周期的响应.结果表明:(1)全流域平均氨氮年点源负荷比例为34%,非点源负荷比例为66%;高锰酸盐指数年点源负荷比例为20%,非点源负荷比例为80%....     

农业非点源污染模型研究进展及趋势

对农业非点源污染模型AGNPS作了简要的综述,重点介绍了农业非点源污染模型的结构、原理和输入输出参数,以及该模型在国内外研究现状,同时介绍了运用RS和GIS帮助获得模型参数的方法和途径,最后对模型在中国的发展前景进行了展望。     

非点源污染负荷估算方法研究进展及对北京市的应用

非点源污染是目前影响北京市水环境质量的主要污染源之一,对国内外水环境非点源污染负荷估算方法的研究进展及应用情况进行了总结和分析,介绍了污染负荷当量法、径流分割法、经验相关关系法等经验统计方法,并重点对SWMM模型、输出系数模型等模型估算方法的原理、特点及对北京市的应用情况进行了概括分析。     

Environmental quality vs economic growth in a developing economy: complements or conflicts

An increase in economic activities which leads to economic growth has been adduced as a possible factor for environmental degradation. While some other studies have argued that as economies keep growing, there are possibilities for resource redistribution which could engender environmental balance, thus engendering the argument on the conflicting-complementary position of the environment-growth nexus. In the light of this, this study uses previous activities between economic activities and the environment to determine the conflicting or complementary relationship that exists between economic growth and the environment. Also, using Nigeria as a case study, the design of environmental growth nexus to achieving sustainable development is assessed. Annual time series data between 1970 and 2014 were sourced from the World Development Indicators. Following the neoclassical perspective on ecological growth and the Kuznets inverted U-hypothesis on the environment-growth relations, stationarity test was performed, and the autoregressive distributed lag estimates were employed. From the study, it is seen that factors like rainfall that promotes environmental quality in the long run promote economic growth (per capita and GDP growth) in Nigeria. Similarly, factors like natural resource utilization, which depletes environmental quality, increases economic growth but reduces economic growth per capita; thus, with questions for development, the possibility of a complementary relationship for environmental quality and economic growth is spotted if the right policies are ensured. Also, the study found evidence of a growing conflicting relation between environmental quality (CO₂) and economic growth (per capita and GDP growth). Meanwhile, these conflicts to a great extent find expression in the Kuznets hypothesis; such that, if policies that promote income per capita reduces pollution and pursues eco-efficiency via economic growth are properly harnessed, there are the prospects of meeting up with the goals of environmental sustainability in developing economies.

     

明确指导方针建立市场化机制推进环境保护与经济建设双赢

总述了“九五”期间我国环境保护主要成就,并明确指出“十五”期间环境保护的指导方针,指出为实现“十五”环境保护目标,推进环境保护与经济建设双赢,必须建立面向市场的环境保护机制,依靠科技创新,发展绿色经济。     

宿迁经济开发区环保工作面临的挑战与对策

文中总结宿迁经济开发区环保工作现状,分析未来宿迁经济开发区面临:水环境质量未能根本好转、生活污染物排放量上升并成为主要污染问题、环境基础设施建设滞后于社会经济发展、工业企业污染存在反弹趋势、农村环境问题亟需关注、客水污染问题仍然存在等挑战,并提出了应对这些挑战的对策。     

Multi-objective game-theory models for conflict analysis in reservoir watershed management

This study focuses on the development of a multi-objective game-theory model (MOGM) for balancing economic and environmental concerns in reservoir watershed management and for assistance in decision. Game theory is used as an alternative tool for analyzing strategic interaction between economic development (land use and development) and environmental protection (water-quality protection and eutrophication control). Geographic information system is used to concisely illustrate and calculate the areas of various land use types. The MOGM methodology is illustrated in a case study of multi-objective watershed management in the Tseng-Wen reservoir, Taiwan. The innovation and advantages of MOGM can be seen in the results, which balance economic and environmental concerns in watershed management and which can be interpreted easily by decision makers. For comparison, the decision-making process using conventional multi-objective method to produce many alternatives was found to be more difficult.     

Economic Feasibility Study for Phosphorus Recovery Processes

Phosphorus recovery from wastewater has become a necessity for sustainable development because phosphorus is a non-renewable essential resource, and its discharge into the environment causes serious negative impacts. There are no economic incentives for the implementation of phosphorus recovery technologies because the selling price of rock phosphate is lower than phosphorus recovered from sewage. The methodologies used to determine the feasibility of such projects are usually focused on internal costs without considering environmental externalities. This article shows a methodology to assess the economic feasibility of wastewater phosphorus recovery projects that takes into account internal and external impacts. The shadow price of phosphorus is estimated using the directional distance function to measure the environmental benefits obtained by preventing the discharge of phosphorus into the environment. The economic feasibility analysis taking into account the environmental benefits shows that the phosphorus recovery is viable not only from sustainable development but also from an economic point of view.     

Marine Vessels as Substitutes for Heavy-Duty Trucks in Great Lakes Freight Transportation

Abstract

This paper applies a geospatial network optimization model to explore environmental, economic, and time-of-delivery tradeoffs associated with the application of marine vessels as substitutes for heavy-duty trucks operating in the Great Lakes region. The geospatial model integrates U.S. and Canadian highway, rail, and waterway networks to create an intermodal network and characterizes this network using temporal, economic, and environmental attributes (including emissions of carbon dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen oxides). A case study evaluates tradeoffs associated with containerized traffic flow in the Great Lakes region, demonstrating how choice of freight mode affects the environmental performance of movement of goods. These results suggest opportunities to improve the environmental performance of freight transport through infrastructure development, technology implementation, and economic incentives.     

论环境经济办法

一个好的经济政策应该是一个好的环境政策,反之亦然。这里所说的环境经济办法是一个全新的环境经济政策体系,它是由绿色税收、环境收费、绿色资本市场、生态补偿、排污权交易、绿色贸易、绿色保险等方面构成的。它们是市场经济的产物,与强制性环境政策相对应,两者共同构成一个比较完整的内在相通的政策体系。新的环境政策体系的理论基础是环境价值观、价值规律和价格形成机制。     

Green logistics,economic growth,and environmental quality: evidence from one belt and road initiative economies

The significance of global green logistics in improving green economic activities is a critically considered and debatable research topic in the context of economic growth and environment. This study aims to analyze the growth and environmental effects of green logistics performance for One Belt and Road Initiative (OBRI) countries over the period 2007–2019. The study used panel data two-stage least squares (2SLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators with robust inferences. The findings have revealed that green logistics performance improves the economic growth in OBRI, Europe, and MENA economies. While green logistics performance enhances the environmental pollution in OBRI, Central Asia, and MENA economies, it significantly improves the environmental quality in Europe and East and Southeast Asia regions. The control variables have also importance in economic growth and environment in policy implication in OBRI and five sub-regions of OBRI economies. Based on these findings, we can conduct some robust green logistics policies in OBRI.

     

How Perceived Exposure to Environmental Harm Influences Environmental Behavior in Urban China

Rapid environmental degradation in China makes understanding how perceived exposure to environmental harm influences environmental attitudes and participation in pro-environmental behaviors among the Chinese people crucial. We used a nation-wide survey dataset in urban China to test two hypotheses: experiencing environmental harm directly affects environmental behavior; environmental attitudes mediate the relationship between experiencing environmental harm and environmental behavior. We found respondents who experienced environmental harm had more pro-environmental attitudes. Experiencing environmental harm positively influenced pro-environmental behavior both directly and indirectly through the mediation of pro-environmental attitudes. Among the pro-environmental behaviors, environmental litigation was most strongly related with exposure to environmental harm. Our results suggest that more participation in pro-environmental behaviors may be expected as rapid economic development increases public exposure to environmental harm in urban China.     

Using sustainable development indicators as a supplementary measure for the integrated management of environmental information system in Taiwan

Environmental Information System (EIS) transfers environmental data and information to audiences in any field of knowledge or activity interested in environmental problems. Currently, numerous conventional EISs or Environmental Databases (EDs) are available in Taiwan. However, they fail to adequately address the strong correlations among the environmental, social and economic components. Notably, Sustainable Development Indicators (SDIs) combine environmental, social and economic dimensions, as well as illustrate the links among systems. Subsequently, developing a set of SDIs will provide an excellent opportunity to systematically consolidate the information scattered among many archives, as well as promoting an integrated EIS. This work presents an experimental model referred to as the 'Sustainable Development Information System of the Island Taiwan' (SDISIT). This system was developed to assist the integrated management of either EIS or ED. The Factor Analysis Method (FAM) is one tool that may prove useful in easing the developing process. Furthermore, by examining the correlations between the indicators, this method can apply existing SDIs to identify the structure of interrelationships among indicators.