ESCO动态

神华水煤浆技术获认可日前,神华低阶煤制高质量水煤浆技术得到市场认可,成功实现产业化,每年新增产值近5亿元。该技术成功解决了低阶煤制备高质量水煤浆的技术难题,拓宽了水煤浆制浆煤种的选择范围,降低了水煤浆制备的原料成本,是我国水煤浆制备技术的一项重大突破。同方泰德建节能型大厦近日,同方泰德承建了成都曙光国际大厦能源管控项目。为确保大楼机电设备实时处于最佳运行状态,减少能源     

小分子环境污染物的免疫检测技术及其研究进展

针对小分子环境污染物免疫检测技术的现状,介绍了免疫检测技术原理、特点和研究开发步骤。综述了该技术的基本检测形式、抗原的设计与合成、抗体的制备和关键技术问题以及最新技术的分类发展和应用现状。     

超滤分离技术在水处理中的应用

随着时代的不断发展,近年来超滤膜分离技术已经在我国很多领域取得了辉煌的成就,例如,饮用水制备、污水回用等水处理作业都离不开超滤膜分离技术,由此可见其在我国的应用前景之广阔。本文通过对超滤膜材料、工作原理、组件等情况的阐述,然后对该技术在水处理中的应用以及发展趋势做了展望。     

固定化细胞技术及其在废气治理中的应用

综述了常用的固定化细胞的制备方法及其应用 ,简述了几种常见的固定化载体 ,并介绍了该技术在废气治理领域中的应用新进展。     

纳米零价铁的制备及其在环境中的应用进展

纳米零价铁比表面积大、表面能高、还原性强,对环境污染物具有良好的去除效率,是目前国内外研究的热点。对纳米零价铁的常规物理、化学制备方法及一些新型制备方法进行了详细介绍,总结了纳米零价铁在环境领域的最新应用进展。重点探讨了提高纳米零价铁反应效率而采用的最新方法和技术,如表面修饰(表面改性、固体负载、纳米双金属)、纳米零价铁与芬顿反应、超声、电场、磁场等技术应用耦合等。提出了纳米零价铁在环境领域中尚存在的科学问题,并对该技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

探讨反渗透在电厂水处理中的应用

反渗透技术常用于水处理过程,尤其是在海水淡化、纯水制备上,该技术得到了广泛的应用。近几年,随着电力行业节能环保理念的提升,反渗透技术在电厂循环水排污再利用方面取得了积极成效。文章阐述了反渗透技术的含义及反渗透装置的基本原理,具体探讨反渗透技术在电厂水处理中的具体应用。     

利用超声波进行固体废物浸出液毒性试验的研究

采用超声波技术，建立了一种简便快速、节能安全，实用的固体废物浸液的制备方法。对浸出液的分析结果表明，该方法与常规的水平或翻转振荡浸提方式具有较好的可比性。     

黑色金属半固态触变压铸工艺试验研究

本文介绍了黑色金属半固态触变压铸工艺试验研究概况。该研究采用了和流变完全不同的制浆制锭工艺,所制备的黑色金属半固态浆料具有用流变方式制备的有色金属半固态浆料一样良好的触变性和充填性。这一探索性试验研究结果表明,本文所述的黑色金属半固态浆料制备工艺,不但能满足金属半固态成形技术要求,而且还迴避了国内外以往的金属半固态流变制浆方式所面临的难以解决的高级耐火材料问题。为半固态成形技术应用到黑色金属机器铸造生产开辟了另一条新的途径。     

固定化细胞技术及其在废气治理中的应用

综述了常用的固定化细胞的制备方法及其应用，简述了几种常见的固定化载体，并介绍了该技术在废气治理领域中的应用新进展。     

SCR脱硝催化剂整体制备技术研究现状

整体化技术是SCR催化剂工业应用的关键,总结了目前研究较多的基底材料,同时结合了国内外脱硝催化剂整体化制备技术研究近况,对挤出成型法、表面涂覆法及涂层涂敷法三种主要成型技术进行了总结,分别提出各成型技术的优缺点。针对目前SCR脱硝技术近况,对催化剂整体化制备技术今后的研究进行了展望。     

化学团聚剂强化燃煤细颗粒物团聚脱除

燃煤细颗粒物对大气环境和人体健康均会产生严重影响，化学团聚是促进细颗粒形成大粒径团聚体而易被常规除尘器捕获的重要方法。化学团聚技术中团聚剂的组成是影响细颗粒物团聚效果的重要因素。由表面活性剂、无机盐和高分子絮凝剂构成多元团聚剂体系，经雾化形成液滴喷入细颗粒物团聚室，研究其对细颗粒团聚促进作用的影响。研究表明:选用含有无机盐的二元团聚剂体系均对细颗粒团聚有良好的促进作用，吐温-80体系对细颗粒物的清除效率可达44.1%；随着团聚剂溶液浓度的增加，细颗粒物的清除效率不断提高，阳离子型团聚剂体系对细颗粒物团聚的促进作用优于阴离子型团聚剂体系；团聚剂体系中无机盐，特别是氯化铵，能有效提高细颗粒清除效率；调节团聚剂体系的pH为弱酸性更有利于细颗粒的团聚。三元团聚剂体系各组分的协同作用可使颗粒间的黏附力提高3.5倍，团聚后细颗粒物的质量减少45%~49%，中位粒径由3.5 μm增加至7.5~8.6 μm。     

细砂比例对均匀级配石英砂滤料过滤性能的影响

石英砂过滤是去除水中颗粒物最常用的技术,其中均匀级配滤料因纳污能力较强、过滤周期较长而得到广泛应用。但目前工程设计标准中对均匀级配滤料的有效粒径（d₁₀）和均匀系数（K₆₀）的界定较为宽泛,为进一步探明滤料组成对均匀级配滤料过滤性能的影响,通过中试试验考察了不同比例细砂（<0.9,0.9~1.0 mm）的2种均匀级配滤料滤柱的除浊效果和运行特性,并采用不同表面电位和粒径的粉末活性炭作为示踪颗粒,研究2种滤料对颗粒物的截留特性。结果表明:与细砂比例较低（16%）的滤料相比,细砂比例较高（29%）的滤料出水浊度低0.2 NTU左右,滤柱水头损失平均增长速率高8.7%~31.6%、滤层含泥率高12%~27%,以滤后水浊度为控制指标时运行周期长7 h;颗粒物截留方面,2种滤料对颗粒物的截留均随着颗粒表面电负性增大和粒径减小而降低,其中细砂比例较高的滤料对颗粒物的截留受颗粒性质影响较小,表现出更稳定的截留效果。因此,适当提高均匀级配石英砂滤料中细砂比例虽然使过滤水头损失略有增加,但能获得更低的出水浊度和更稳定的颗粒物截留效果。     

Agglomeration and removal characteristics of fine particles from coal combustion under different turbulent flow fields

Turbulent agglomeration is a promising pretreatment technology for improving the removal of fine particles in industrial flue gas, which can improve the particle removal effect of dust removal equipment safely and economically. However, due to the complexity of turbulence mechanisms, the relationship between turbulent flow fields and the agglomeration of fine particles is not known with precision, resulting a weak promotion effect for particle removal with this pretreatment technology. In this work, three kinds of turbulent agglomerators were constructed to investigate the agglomeration and removal characteristics of fine particles under different turbulent flow fields. The results demonstrated that the turbulent agglomerator with small-scale and three-dimensional vortexes in the flow field had the best effect in improving the agglomeration and removal of fine particles. Two kinds of agglomeration modes in turbulent agglomeration were proposed, one being agglomeration between fine particles in the vortex area, and the other the capture of fine particles by coarse particles. Furthermore, the motion trajectory, relative velocity and residence time of fine particles of different sizes in different flow fields were calculated by numerical simulation to investigate the interaction mechanism of particle agglomeration and turbulent flow fields. The results showed that a flow field with small-scale and three-dimensional vortexes can reduce the Stokes number (St_K) and the relative velocity of particles of different sizes, and extend their residence time in a turbulent flow field, so as to obtain a better agglomeration effect for fine particles.     

五区电除尘技术试验研究及应用

五区电除尘技术是一种新型的电除尘器提效改造技术,由于其性能优良、工作可靠、稳定运行,工程投资少、施工周期短等优点而得到广泛应用。在模拟计算分析其阻力和对气流分布影响的基础上,试验研究其对不同粉尘的收尘性能,结果表明:五区电除尘技术可高效捕集微细、高比电阻粉尘,且设备阻力小,气流分布理想。     

选矿尾矿综合利用和零排放的研究与生产实践

对南京栖霞山锌阳矿业有限公司铅锌矿选矿尾矿的处理与利用进行了研究 ,找到了一条解决选矿尾矿问题的最佳方案 :对尾矿进行分级处理 ,粗粒尾矿代替水砂用于井下充填打坝 ,细粒尾矿用于井下胶结充填 ,部分全尾矿浓缩脱水后用作水泥辅料 ,从而实现了尾矿固体废物的零排放。该方案已成功应用于生产实践 ,产生了明显环境与经济效益     

Constructing a Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectral reference library for fine-particle analysis

Fine particles associated with haze pollution threaten the health of over 400 million people in China. Owing to excellent non-destructive fingerprint recognition characteristics, Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) are often used to analyze the composition of fine particles to determine their physical and chemical properties as well as reaction mechanisms. However, there is no comprehensive Raman spectral library of fine particles. Furthermore, various studies that used SERS for fine-particle composition analysis showed that the uniqueness of the SERS substrates and different excitation wavelengths can produce a different spectrum for the same fine-particle component. To overcome this limitation, we conducted SERS experiments with a portable Raman spectrometer using two common SERS substrates (silver (Ag) foil and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)) and a 785 nm laser. Herein, we introduced three main particle component types (sulfate-nitrate-ammonium (SNA), organic material, and soot) with a total of 39 chemical substances. We scanned the solid Raman, liquid Raman, and SERS spectra of these substances and constructed a fine-particle reference library containing 105 spectra. Spectral results indicated that for soot and SNA, the differences in characteristic peaks mainly originated from the solid-liquid phase transition; Ag foil had little effect on this difference, while the Au NPs caused a significant red shift in the peak positions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Moreover, with various characteristic peak positions in the three types of spectra, we could quickly and correctly distinguish substances. We hope that this spectral library will aid in the future identification of fine particles.     

太原市冬季大气气溶胶的源识别

用可对气溶胶粒径切割的采样器采集了太原市中心1985年冬季的大气气溶胶样品。以X射线荧光法分析出的化学元素作为变量,对数据作了因子分析、标示元素多元回归处理。结果指出,粒径小于2.5μm的细粒子中约有76.5％来自燃煤排放出的SO2转化成硫酸盐,约13.5％来自建筑石料高温烧结;2.5—15μm之间的粗粒子中约有82.8％来自燃煤排放出的煤飞灰;在TSP范围内,混合尘与燃煤两类源的贡献率分别是41.6％和45.2％。源识别结果表明太原市冬季气溶胶主要来自煤炭燃烧,而石油化工、金属冶炼及汽车尾气等源的贡献很小。工业粉尘、基建扬尘、路面及自然风沙等类型的源,主要在大粒径范围内（TSP）才有贡献。 就燃煤源而论,工业用煤对气溶胶（飘尘部分）污染的贡献约是居民用煤的11.8倍,因此,研究解决工业燃煤造成的大气污染是一个主要问题。"      

黄土区露天矿排土场生态建设中水分调控技术的研究

平朔露天煤矿位于半干旱的黄土高原区，经过15年的土地复垦与生态重建，已建成比原有生态系统结构更合理，功能更有效的人工生态系统，形成了一套以水分调控技术为核心的比较良好的生态建设技术体系，水分调控技术的提出，形成和发展是针对矿区生态建设的目标而产生的。本文从矿区可持续发展角度，依据露天矿生态建设中水分调控技术的作用和内容，将水分调控技术分为三个阶段；一是水环境安全调控阶段，二是水土保持阶段；三是水分的资源化利用阶段。水资源化利用是今后露天矿生态建设中水分调控技术发展的趋势，为此着重探讨了其技术内容。     

Comprehensive characterization of ambient nanoparticles collected near an industrial science park: Particle size distributions and relationships with environmental factors

We investigated the characteristics of ambient particles and their relationships with various environmental factors, including gaseous pollutants (CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), total hydrocarbons (THC), NOx, CO, SO2), meteorological parameters (humidity, temperature), and time (day/night, workday/weekend). We used an electrical low-pressure cascade impactor to measure the number and size distributions of ambient particles (0.007–10 m) that were collected approximately 1 km northwest of Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan between February and May 2007. The number concentrations of particles were enhanced through photochemical reactions during the day. In addition, high traffic flow during workdays increased the formation of particulates. Except for SO2, all of the gaseous pollutants we studied (CH4, NMHC, THC, NOx, CO) correlated positively with the total number concentrations of ambient particles during daytime, indicating that they might contribute to the particulate burden. The poorer relationship between the SO2 level and the total number concentration of particles suggests that SO2 might participate indirectly in the nucleation process during particle formation, The high enrichment factors for Zn, Pb, Cu, and Mn, which mostly comprised the ultrafine particles (diameter: < 0.1 m) and fine particles (diameter: 0.1–1 m), presumably arose from emissions from traffic and high technology factories. Heterogeneous reactions on solid particles might play a role in the removal of SOx and NOx from the atmosphere. Sulfides and nitrides can further react with these local pollutants, forming specific Cu-containing compounds: CuO (39%), CuSO4 (34%), and Cu(NO3)2 (27%), within the ambient particles in this industrial area.     

电厂PM2．5排放现状与控制技术

大气颗粒物特别是超细颗粒物PM2．5对人体健康及环境会产生很大危害．燃煤电厂是超细颗粒物的重要排放源。本文简要阐述了燃煤电厂超细颗粒物排放的现状,并针对燃煤电厂重点介绍了超细颗粒物的排放控制技术．包括传统的除尘器加湿法脱硫设施的除尘、混合除尘控制技术、以及在传统除尘器前设置团聚预处理装置的技术等。指出了各种技术的利弊、应用现状及应用前景展望。