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《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2012,55(2):254-270
Governments are seeking to reduce levels of expenditure. In the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) it will be important to deliver the environmental objectives of agricultural policy more cost-effectively. This paper reviews the different agri-environmental mechanisms and their relative scale and performance. Likely reductions in the Single Farm Payment (SFP) imply a need to shift resources from payments for the reduction of intensity towards payments to prevent abandonment. More cost-effective policies may be achieved by shifting funds from the SFP into more targeted mechanisms, changing standards currently achieved by cross-compliance into regulations, and increasing targeting and competitive allocation mechanisms. 相似文献
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环境绩效评估通过量化环境管理效果和分析环境管理中的不足,为改善环境管理水平提供依据。本研究依据压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型和主题框架法构建了包括环境效率、环境质量、环境治理3个二级指标和15个三级指标的市级环境绩效评估指标体系,并运用目标渐进法和均权法计算了江苏省13个地级2015年的环境绩效指数。结果显示,江苏省各地级市综合环境绩效指数分布在58.41(连云港市)~74.98(苏州市)之间,且与经济发展水平正相关。从空间分布来看,位于苏中地区的城市综合环境绩效多为良好,苏南和苏北各地之间的绩效差距较大;在二级指标中,苏南环境效率和环境治理绩效相对较好,苏中环境效率和环境质量绩效较好,苏北环境质量绩效较好。此外,本研究认为三级指标中的单位GDP用水量、空气质量达良好以上天数、工业用水重复利用率、一般工业固体废物利用率以及秸秆综合利用率等是主要的限制性指标。 相似文献
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陈天力 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2015,(4):35-38
当前环境信访形势十分严峻,信访总量居高不下。通过分析信访数据及其根源、特点与发展趋势,提出要善于运用群众工作的方法,正确树立政治观念,推进环境信访的有效解决。重点应采取六方面的措施:政务公开,信息要明;阳光监督,渠道要畅;调解沟通,立场要定;依法管理,监督要严;注重实效,切题要准;群防群治,反应要快。 相似文献
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为跟踪各地落实《关于构建现代环境治理体系的指导意见》的实践进展,本文通过比较各地发布的相关实施意见文本,结合实地调研座谈,总结典型案例,分析发现:(1)由于各地对现代环境治理体系内涵的理解存在差异,关注的重点领域有所不同,部分地方突破了“七大体系”。(2)实践中,在推动企业落实主体责任、优化政府监管服务、规范市场化建设、协同推进区域共建共保、激活基层治理效能、增强科学精准治理能力等方面形成了一些富有特色的实践经验。(3)《关于构建现代环境治理体系的指导意见》中的“七大体系”推进程度不均衡,政府、企业、社会组织和公众三大主体的力量结构失衡状态改善不明显,主要体现为“三多三少”,即政府责任体系和监管体系建设多,企业环境责任体系和社会治理体系建设少;关注规范第三方环境服务、落实“放管服”多,运用市场调节机制的案例少;社会治理以宣传活动和网格员机制多,践行绿色生活的全民行动体系成果少。为此,本文提出,加快建立环境治理体系现代化的评价体系,针对环境治理薄弱环节,协调推进“七大体系”建设等建议。 相似文献
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《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2012,14(2):85-101
An important implication of agricultural modernization has been the break-down of interlinkages between farming, ecology and society. Historically, farming systems evolved from the specific responses of farming communities to local ecological conditions. The totality of regionalized farming systems arising out of this co-production moulded the countryside into an ‘archipelago’ of differentiated ruralities. During the period of agricultural modernization, the nature of co-production changed thoroughly. The natural elements in co-production were increasingly artificialized or replaced by industrial artefacts. This paper analyses the emergence of environmental cooperatives in the Netherlands as a movement towards a renewed embedding of farming in its local environment. Environmental cooperatives are local farmers associations that promote activities related to sustainable agriculture and rural development and claim to be actively involved in effectuating rural policies in their locale. Since the foundation of the first cooperative in 1992, numbers have rapidly grown to over 100. This paper examines the genesis and practices of environmental cooperatives and assesses their socio-economic and ecological impact. The importance lies most of all, so the authors contend, in that they represent valuable ‘field laboratories’ for building stimulating and supportive institutional contexts for remodelling Dutch farming along the lines of environmental and economic sustainability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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从组织保障、法规政策、监督管理、经济、技术等角度提出了保障南水北调工程环境管理工作有效实施的保障措施,并从加强统一领导和部门协调,推广和完善环境保护目标责任制,法制建设,对重大决策、规划与建设项目实施全过程监督和环境监测能力建设等方面进行了初步探讨. 相似文献
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Jason Chi‐hin Chan Richard Welford 《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2005,12(2):88-104
Due to its large population, rapid economic growth and the fragility of its environment, China is environmentally more risky than Western countries. Over time we will see tougher and better‐implemented environmental regulations in China. At the same time, sound environmental management is being viewed by investors as an essential part of good corporate governance. Hong Kong listed companies have failed to provide sufficient information for investors to assess their positions with respect to environmental management. This increases their vulnerability to possible accusations of poor environmental performance. The lack of environmental activity and accountability identified amongst the companies leads us to conclude that they are taking substantial yet avoidable risks. In the short term, Hong Kong security market regulators should expedite better voluntary environmental reporting. In the long term, a fundamental reform of security regulations in partnership between regulators, professionals and listed companies should be pursued. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. 相似文献
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Kjell Overvåg Terje Skjeggedal Camilla Sandström 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(7):1186-1204
We have investigated why conflicts linked to the distribution of power between governments and actors at the national and local levels concerning environmental management of mountain areas in Norway persist despite political intentions to strengthen local powers. We seek to explain this by analysing changes in policies, institutional frameworks, and regional contexts, and the local perceptions of these changes. Paradoxically, the national government's power has apparently been strengthened by new sectoral regulations and more stringent enforcement of the existing ones, increases in the number and extent of protected areas, and failures to act on intentions to devolve power. An additional factor spurring conflicts is the increased importance of tourism to mountain communities. To become more relevant to policies and development in mountain areas, future studies on multilevel governance must address multilevel politics, entire mountain areas, and the context of their development, rather than focusing on minor projects and protected areas. 相似文献
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PACE2016中国环境治理国际研讨会就中国环境政府治理、环境市场治理、环境社会治理以及环境治理结构展开了深入研讨并达成以下共识:大国模式下的环境政府治理面临着突出的\"污染避难所效应\"、\"公平与效率的两难\"和\"多层次治理体系\"等问题;不成熟市场经济条件下环境市场治理必然面临\"要不要走环境治理市场化之路\"的疑虑,相关研究表明市场手段作为有效的环境治理方式正在逐渐地打消此等疑虑;中国环境治理最主要的短板在于社会治理,提高公众参与度的主要挑战在于改变地方政府的态度,然而社会企业家是环境社会治理的希望;多元环境治理结构是中国环境治理的必然选择,政府引领、企业自觉、公众参与的制衡机制是关键。 相似文献
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王紫零 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2008,18(2):24-26,31
党在十七大报告中提出建设生态文明,\"生态文明\"以这样的方式提出来,是将以往的工作方法上升到了全党理论的高度,这是前所未有的.面对当前环境与发展问题的尖锐化,要建设生态文明,需要多元化治理方式共同作用,环境法治与善治便是两种主要的治理方式.本文论述了善治与法治结合的必要性以及如何实现善治和法治完美的结合. 相似文献
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环球中国环境专家协会(PACE)于2019年6月27~29日在中国人民大学组织召开第四届中国环境治理学术年会,主题为推进国家环境治理体系和治理能力现代化,国内外环境公共治理领域顶级专家以及国家和地方相关政府官员出席了会议,并分理论方法、实践应用、行政执法、社会治理、经济政策以及全球环境治理等专题进行了深入研讨。会议认为,作为国家治理体系的重要组成部分,我国环境治理体系,在生态文明建设框架下,已取得长足进步,特别是以目标为导向的治理战略,已形成鲜明国际特色。中国环境治理模式正从传统的自上而下的政府行政管理转向政府主导、企业主体、社会参与和市场调节相结合并由自下而上机制相补充的多元共治现代公共治理模式,治理能力近年来显著加强,但在环境社会治理以及参与全球环境治理等方面仍存在显著薄弱环节,在政府执法机制以及经济政策使用等方面仍有许多需要改进的地方。 相似文献
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Stakeholder engagement processes have sought to ensure that state government meets public trust and good governance obligations to citizens. As the expectations of stakeholders and state agencies change, and management focuses on landscape-level interventions, a change in the level at which agencies engage the public is needed. This involves tradeoffs, as different levels call for different engagement design and implementation considerations. To understand how these differences affect decision making, we examine a regional engagement model for deer management in New York that was piloted to replace a sub-regional model. We identify concerns with the old model, objectives for the redesigned model, and explain the logistical and good governance considerations that informed its design. We share our evaluation of the model's process and outcomes, including implications for program design and scale. Overall, despite the pilot model's attention to design components aimed at addressing potential barriers to regional engagement as well as limitations of the previous engagement model, the pilot did not meet many of its objectives, especially those related to representation, resulting in some of the same concerns associated with the model it was intended to enhance and replace. Implications of this for regional-level engagement efforts are discussed. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to analyze the structural relationships between strategy, environmental performance, and disclosure in view of the lack of research on these endogenous activities. To analyze these relationships, an environmental governance proxy consisting of five dimensions was developed for Brazilian companies. Hence, from an economic perspective, a trend is expected of companies disclosing more information and maintaining an environmental governance structure to avoid or reduce potential political costs. Using the structural equation technique, 573 Brazilian companies were analyzed. According to the results, the Brazilian companies’ mean compliance level with environmental governance practices is 49.2%. There is evidence of a positive association between the governance structure and the environmental management system (GSEM) as well as environmental performance (EP) and environmental disclosure levels (DISC). In addition, the level of environmental conflicts of interest a sector faces increased the need for environmental disclosure. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the latent variables, GSEM and EP, exert direct and indirect positive effects on DISC. In other words, companies with more structured environmental management systems have obtained better performance indicators, and consequently, are more likely to feel encouraged to disseminate environmental information and to reduce political costs than is the case with other companies. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between environmental performance, carbon performance and earnings management. This analysis includes panel regressions as empirical-quantitative (archival) research methods and looks at the 2014–2018 financial years of companies listed on the STOXX Europe 600 (1,509 firm-year observations). Environmental (carbon) performance proxies are included as independent variables, and with two earnings quality measures, accrual-based earnings management (ACC) and real earnings management (REM) as dependent variables. Our findings align with prior research on sustainability performance and indicate that environmental (carbon) performance reduces ACC but increases REM. After including Granger causality tests, we find no indications of a bidirectional relationship. This analysis makes a key contribution to prior studies as this appears to be the first on the relationship between environmental (carbon) performance and earnings management in the European capital market. The study has major implications for business practice, regulators and research. Managers might use environmental and carbon strategies for greenwashing policies as this change in earnings management can be hardly detected by other stakeholders. 相似文献
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我国环境治理体系正在不断趋于完善,而有效的污染源环境监管体系是国家环境治理体系的基础和核心。本文从污染源环境监管体制、政策制度、实施运行机制以及监管能力保障等方面,系统梳理了党的十八大以来污染源环境监管体系建设主要改革举措和总体进展,分析了深化改革仍然存在的主要问题、原因和挑战。立足于进一步加强相关政策措施系统性、集成性,切实提高污染源环境监管的权威性、有效性和透明性,本文初步提出了污染源环境监管与服务体系建设的思路框架,并针对当前污染源环境监管存在的问题,从运行机制模式、监管保障体系、守法引导服务等方面提出对策建议。 相似文献
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This paper explores whether ambitions to open up the traditional Swedish model of top-down conservation methods to local influences are indicative of an actual transition in governance of Swedish national park policy (NPP), and examines whether such a shift entails an increase in local influence over local interests and needs. Methodologically, we analyse a combination of governance types and incorporate theoretical definitions of power and accountability. The establishment of new governance arrangements – where power is shared, interactions promoted and accountability is directed downwards – indicates that Sweden's NPP is undergoing a change in its mode of governance. This change also seems to include ceding some influence to local interests, and the possibility of combining conservation with the utilisation of certain natural resources. The results of our research also provide valuable insights into when the establishment of shared-governance arrangements are likely to succeed; in short, this seems more likely when there are established sectors sited in a robust legal framework and where strong international commitments potentially play a role. In conclusion, we contend that when seeking diversified governance arrangements it is not enough simply to take local practices and customs into consideration – they have to be strengthened. 相似文献
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城镇化发展带来的环境污染问题已成为影响我国城镇化发展质量的重要方面。在新型城镇化建设全面推进和高质量发展要求的背景下,如何解决城镇化建设过程中的城市生态环境问题,优化空间布局,促进区域可持续发展,成为亟需解决的重大问题。本文基于全球视角从总结借鉴国际上主要国家城镇化过程、模式以及在此过程中生态环境保护和改善的经验入手,从科学规划、科技发展、法律制度、公众参与等方面总结国外经验,并从构建空间治理体系、治理环境突出问题、发挥政府主导作用、加大公众参与力度等方面探索构建我国新型城镇体系下生态环境管治的策略方案。 相似文献
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王颖 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2016,(1):28-31
近年来,河北省在城镇污水、垃圾处理,工业企业除尘、脱硫、脱硝、废水处理,污染源在线监测等领域引入第三方运营,取得了一定成效。从环境污染第三方治理的运行实践看,存在着诸如政府缺失诚信、第三方行业不规范、市场机制不健全、缺少资金、服务行业发展缓慢等问题。从明确责任边界、行业规范、市场管理、资金投入、发展环保服务业等方面入手就如何鼓励、壮大和完善环境污染第三方治理提出了一些建议。 相似文献