基于GIS的区域农业气候资源要素分布模拟

针对当前一定区域范围内气象站点非常有限,而区域内农业生产却在一定程度上依赖农业气候条件这一特点,文章将地理信息系统（GIS）技术与农业气候资源要素推算数学模式相结合,以获取区域主要农业气候资源要素的精确定量值,并用图形等多种方式来表达最终成果。以重庆区域为例,具体模拟了其区域范围内主要农业气候资源要素的空间分布。     

地理信息系统在长江源区水土流失动态监测中的应用设想

以长江源区为例，概略介绍了地理信息系统在该区域的应用前景及方法。地理信息系统的应用可为水土流失动态提供丰富的信息，大大缩短数据更新的周期，对于水土流失数据处理、规划、应用建模以及大面积治理，具有实际指导意义。     

区域土地资源利用管理信息系统设计与应用——以长江角洲无锡市滨湖区为例

区域土地资源利用管理信息系统是一种存储、兼容、管理、分析、显示与应用土地信息的计算机监控系统,是建立在地理信息系统(GIS)软件工具之上,并在ComGIS组件Mapobject 2.0平台支撑下进行设计和开发应用的.该系统的设计与开发可为区域土地资源合理开发利用规划与产业布局的调整提供科学依据,特别是对高强度开发下的长江三角洲土地资源的可持续利用具有较重要的实际应用价值.     

地理信息系统在长江源区水土流失动态监测中的应用设想

以长江源区为例,概略介绍了地硬信息系统在该区域的应用前景及方法。地理信息系统的应用可为水土流失动态提供丰富的信息,大大缩短更新的周期,对于水土流失数据处理、规划、应用建模以及大面积治理,具有实际指导意义。     

石棉县森林资源地理信息系统的建立

地理信息系统是管理和分析空间数据的科学技术，以GIS技术为核心，结合RS和GPS技术建立完整的县级林业管理信息系统，是林业管理工作的必然要求。在实地调研、资料收集的基础上，以GIS技术为核心，构建了石棉县林业管理信息系统。系统地介绍了石棉县森林地理信息系统的构架、数据库建设的具体步骤与方法、系统的功能和实现，以及对基础地理信息系统的应用等问题，为今后林业管理信息系统数据库的建设提供参考依据。     

地理信息系统技术在土壤污染状况调查工作中的应用

地理信息系统（GIS）是处理资源、环境等多种信息的计算机数据管理系统。本文介绍了6IS技术在全国土壤污染状况调查工作中调查点位的布设、现场定位采样、调查数据存储等方面的应用,并探讨该技术在今后土壤污染防治工作中的应用。     

四川省自然资源科学研究院

正四川省自然资源科学研究院是四川省科技厅直属的科研事业单位,主要从事自然资源领域的基础研究与应用开发。重点是以四川省自然资源、生态环境与经济社会协调发展为目标,针对国家提出的资源安全、生态文明建设和区域可持续发展需求,在自然资源综合考察与评价规划、区域自然资源开发与保护、资源持续利用、生态环境系统优化、资源信息数据集成、自然科技信息共享等领     

四川洪雅县农业气候资源的开发利用

农业气候资源的开发利用既包括农业气候资源在时间、空间和强度上的充分利用,也包括农业生态气候工程建设。从洪雅县农业气候资源的特点和农业生产的实际出发,作者探讨了该县农业气候资源开发利用的途径和方式,为该县农业生产提供了理论依据。     

旅游资源信息基础条件平台建设研究——以旅游资源大省山西为例

科技基础条件平台在广度和深度上进行资源整合,扩大信息资源覆盖面,是区域创新体系的重要组成部分,是推动经济社会可持续发展的重要基础条件。针对旅游资源大省山西进行探讨,在旅游资源信息基础条件平台建设的主要内容、技术方案、运行机制和共享方案等方面提出了相关的建议和对策。     

区域土地资源利用管理信息系统设计与应用——以长江三角洲无锡市滨湖区为例

区域土地资源利用管理信息系统是一种存储、兼容、管理、分析、显示与应用土地信息的计算机监控系统，是建立在地理信息系统（GIS）软件工具之上，并在ComGIS组件Mapobject2．0平台支撑下进行设计和开发应用的。该系统的设计与开发可为区域土地资源合理开发利用规划与产业布局的调整提供科学依据，特别是对高强度开发下的长江三角洲土地资源的可持续利用具有较重要的实际应用价值。     

黄山市农业气候资源分析与利用

在对黄山市农业气候条件进行调查分析的基础上，编制了气候资料表；并根据当地林、茶、果、桑、药的自然分布状况，结合山区农业气候资源概况，对如何利用山区农业气候资源进行了分析和研究。     

Regional economic impacts of Grand Canyon river runners

Economic impact analysis (EIA) of outdoor recreation can provide critical social information concerning the utilization of natural resources. Outdoor recreation and other non-consumptive uses of resources are viewed as environmentally friendly alternatives to extractive-type industries. While outdoor recreation can be an appropriate use of resources, it generates both beneficial and adverse socioeconomic impacts on rural communities. The authors used EIA to assess the regional economic impacts of rafting in Grand Canyon National Park. The Grand Canyon region of northern Arizona represents a rural US economy that is highly dependent upon tourism and recreational expenditures. The purpose of this research is twofold. The first is to ascertain the previously unknown regional economic impacts of Grand Canyon river runners. The second purpose is to examine attributes of these economic impacts in terms of regional multipliers, leakage, and types of employment created. Most of the literature on economic impacts of outdoor recreation has focused strictly on the positive economic impacts, failing to illuminate the coinciding adverse and constraining economic impacts. Examining the attributes of economic impacts can highlight deficiencies and constraints that limit the economic benefits of recreation and tourism. Regional expenditure information was obtained by surveying non-commercial boaters and commercial outfitters. The authors used IMPLAN input-output modeling to assess direct, indirect, and induced effects of Grand Canyon river runners. Multipliers were calculated for output, employment, and income. Over 22,000 people rafted on the Colorado River through Grand Canyon National Park in 2001, resulting in an estimated $21,100,000 of regional expenditures to the greater Grand Canyon economy. However, over 50% of all rafting-related expenditures were not captured by the regional economy and many of the jobs created by the rafting industry are lower-wage and seasonal. Policy recommendations are given for increasing the regional retention of rafting expenditures and for understanding both the beneficial and adverse impacts that accompany outdoor recreation in rural areas.     

THE MISUSE OF HYDROLOGIC UNIT MAPS FOR EXTRAPOLATION,REPORTING, AND ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT: The use of watersheds to conduct research on land/water relationships has expanded recently to include both extrapolation and reporting of water resource information and ecosystem management. More often than not, hydrologic units (HUs) are used for these purposes, with the implication that hydrologic units are synonymous with watersheds. Whereas true topographic watersheds are areas within which apparent surface water drains to a particular point, generally only 45 percent of all hydrologic units, regardless of their hierarchical level, meet this definition. Because the area contributing to the downstream point in many hydrologic units extends far beyond the unit boundaries, use of the hydrologic unit framework to show regional and national patterns of water quality and other environmental resources can result in incorrect and misleading illustrations. In this paper, the implications of this misuse are demonstrated using four adjacent HUs in central Texas. A more effective way of showing regional patterns in environmental resources is by using data from true watersheds representative of different ecological regions containing particular mosaics of geographical characteristics affecting differences in ecosystems and water quality.     

Evaluation of Online Information Sources on Alien Species in Europe: The Need of Harmonization and Integration

Europe is severely affected by alien invasions, which impact biodiversity, ecosystem services, economy, and human health. A large number of national, regional, and global online databases provide information on the distribution, pathways of introduction, and impacts of alien species. The sufficiency and efficiency of the current online information systems to assist the European policy on alien species was investigated by a comparative analysis of occurrence data across 43 online databases. Large differences among databases were found which are partially explained by variations in their taxonomical, environmental, and geographical scopes but also by the variable efforts for continuous updates and by inconsistencies on the definition of “alien” or “invasive” species. No single database covered all European environments, countries, and taxonomic groups. In many European countries national databases do not exist, which greatly affects the quality of reported information. To be operational and useful to scientists, managers, and policy makers, online information systems need to be regularly updated through continuous monitoring on a country or regional level. We propose the creation of a network of online interoperable web services through which information in distributed resources can be accessed, aggregated and then used for reporting and further analysis at different geographical and political scales, as an efficient approach to increase the accessibility of information. Harmonization, standardization, conformity on international standards for nomenclature, and agreement on common definitions of alien and invasive species are among the necessary prerequisites.     

Methodology of industry scale analysis under the constraint of regional resource capacity using HSY algorithm

This paper develops a methodology of proper scale analysis for regional industry development, which can be used in industry planning with the consideration of regional resource capacities. In the face of different data sources and even data scarcity, alternative methods based on linear programming and quadratic programming algorithms for calculating the resource intensity factors are designed. Based on the empirical study of industrialization, initial scenarios of industry development were set. Using HSY algorithm, sensitive industries that may cause exceeding regional resource capacity can be identified, and the risk of exceeding can be predicted and expressed in probability. Furthermore, a proper scale range can be designed for these sensitive industries according to resource capacity. Taking the case of Dalian city in China, this paper estimated the regional urban development plan, various resources capacities were studied, and land resources were estimated to be the most critical resource for the city. The land resource depletion intensities of different industries are calculated by quadratic programming algorithm. Under the constraint of 427.56 km² available industrial land resources, the electronic and power industries have the most significant impact on total land use, if the scale of power industry exceeds 1.27 billion USD, the probability of land resource capacity breakthrough will be 50%.     

An improved water footprint methodology linking global consumption to local water resources: a case of Spanish tomatoes

A water footprint (WF) measures the total water consumed by a nation, business or individual by calculating the total water used during the production of goods and services. This paper extends the existing methods for WF to more localised levels for crops grown partly in open systems and partly in plastic-covered houses with multi-seasonal harvesting, such as the horticulture industry in Spain. This improvement makes it possible to visualise the links of EU tomato consumption to precise production sites in Spain and opens a debate to the usefulness of such findings. This paper also compares existing ecological methodologies with WF and argues that both life cycle analysis (LCA) and ecological footprint (EF) models could benefit from WF methods. Our results show that the EU consumes 957,000 tons of Spanish fresh tomatoes annually, which evaporates 71 Mm(3)/yr of water and would require 7 Mm(3)/yr of water to dilute leached nitrates in Spain. In Spain, tomato production alone evaporates 297 Mm(3)/yr and pollutes 29 Mm(3)/yr of freshwater. Depending upon the local agro-climatic character, status of water resources, total tomato production volumes and production system, the impact of EU consumption of fresh tomatoes on Spanish freshwater is very location specific. The authors suggest that business now seek to report and address negative impacts on the environment. WF opens the door to complex water relationships and provides vital information for policy actors, business leaders, regulators and managers to their draw, dependence and responsibilities on this increasingly scarce resource.     

社会主义市场经济体制下的区域规划

建立社会主义市场经济体制，就是要使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用。经济体制的改革对区域规划提出了新的要求．它决不意味着取消或削弱区域规划，而是要更好地发挥区域规划在发展区域经济中的宏观调控作用。区域规划是区域经济发展的超前研究，其价值在于具有比较准确的发展预见性，能够提出正确的发展方向和战略。区域规划的核心内容是指导资源优化配置，但它并不具有直接的资源流动机制，只能作为资源流动的信息机制。区域规划发挥宏观调控作用的必要条件是政府立法，公益性设施列入国家或地方的计划，在实施中争取社会舆论和社会投资的支持，对经济落后区域的开发采取国家扶持的政策。