高校环境教育教学评估的实践与思考

高等院校非环境专业学生的环境教育是环境科学与教育学相结合的一个新领域。从知识体系和结构上,大多体现环境科学的基本理论,在教育教学环节上,往往遵循教育学的发展规律;高校学生环境教育的教学环节中,教学评价工作是运用检查手段,对已完成的教育行为进行鉴定和评估,发挥其反馈、激励与导向的作用,调控和督促教育事物不断完善的重要环节。 目前我国对教育教学的评价手段很多,包括对一门课程结束后的考试、对学生某方面能力的考察、测试等等。而高校非环境专业学生环境教育的教学评估,确实是值得研究和探讨的。因为目前在全国范围内,高校开展非环境专业学生环境教育的     

学校环境教育与社会环境教育的比较

２０世纪９０年代中期以来,我国环境教育的迅速发展,使公民环境意识有了明显的提高。在这个过程中,逐渐形成了两种教育环境,一种是学校环境教育,另一种是社会环境教育。广义上讲,学校环境教育指在学校进行的正规教育,包括对象为中小学生、非环境专业的大中专学生的环境教育和环境专业教育。社会环境教育也包括为工作需要而进行的在职环境科学教育以及面向大众的环境宣传教育。如果只从提高公民环境意识角度看,我们的讨论对象将限制在学校的非环境专业教育和社会的环境知识普及教育。学校环境教育与社会环境教育一般由不同的部门管理…     

高职化学教学应注重环境教育

高等职业化学教育的培养目标是，造就与生产实践密切联系，满足化学化工实践需要的中高级人才。因此，在高职化学教学中，如何将化学教学和环境教育紧密结合起来，让学生在学习化学知识的同时，提高环境意识，增强整体素质，养成自觉保护环境的良好行为和习惯，更显得尤为重要。近年来，我们在本院化学教学中开展了环境教育的尝试，取得了良好的效果。1.将环境教育列入正式的化学教学计划并讨诸实施在2000年，我院按照专业设置和培养目标要求，将环境教育内容按不同比例编入化学教学计划，并使环境教育比重逐年增加。到本学年末，在与环保紧…     

高中生物教学中环境教育的探索与实践

38高中生物学教学环境教育内容体系构建根据新教学大纲中高中生物学科环境教育的目标，环境教育的内容主要包括三个方面：关于环境知识的教育，环境实践技能的教育和关于环境态度观念的教育。关于环境的知识是学生正确认识生态环境问题，获得相关技能和态度观念，形成品质行为的科学认知基础。虽然高中生物学教材中安排有专门的生态环境科学知识内容（15学时），但若能结合教学拓展学生的环境知识，对于增强学生对环境问题的理解能力将是十分有益的。环境技能的教育主要靠结合专门环境知识、通过一定量的实践活动来进行，包括使学生表达、交…     

环境教育通识课程内容与方法

大学环境教育通识课程应该设置为环境素养和专业技能培养两大类。两类课程的教学都应以参与式、体验式和直观式为主要形式。课堂太大等是目前大学环境通识教育成效不大的主要原因。大学环境教育主要是针对非环境专业的学生,旨在普及环境知识,提高大学生环境意识,     

对加强青海高校非环境专业环境教育的几点思考

环境教育是解决环境问题的重要手段之一,也是全民素质教育的重要组成部分。高校非环境专业的环境教育是整个环境教育的重要内容,将环境教育课程列为高校非环境教育的必修课,组织高校非环境教育专业教师进行环境教育专门培训,深入学习可持续发展战略,显得尤为紧迫。文章分析了在高校,实施环境教育的重要性和非环境专业环境教育存在的问题,并提出了相应建议。     

初中环境教育评价模式的实践和研究初探

教学评价具有反馈、检测、导向等多种功能，正确地理解和掌握评价的目的和方法，对改进教学，促进学生学习、提高教学质量、培养学生的创新精神和实践能力有重要意义。2001年以来，笔者在进行初中《环境教育》（江苏教育出版社2001年5月重版）教学的过程中，结合学校教改的实际，进行了初中环境教育评价模式的初步研究和实践。确立评价指标环境教育涉及自然科学、社会科学及其相关的各个领域，是一门综合性较强的课程，在初中单独设课的学校不多。笔者所在学校承担了扬州市“十五”立项课题——《农村初级中学开展环境教育的研究》，其中评…     

以农为本,开展农村环境教育——运河高等师范学校环境教育纪实

圈定以农村环境为大背景开展环保综合实践活动,让学生走进农村社区,考察农村环境,了解新农村建设中存在的问题,培养农村学生未来小学环境教育能力和扎根农村教育事业的专业思想素质。     

实践绿色教育理念,促进环境教育深入开展

我校自2001年被评为广东省“绿色学校”以来，在各级教育和环保部门领导的关心、支持下，进一步实践绿色教育理念，努力挖掘环境育人的潜力，从管理环境、人际环境、校园环境、教学环境、德育环境五个方面深入开展环境教育，巩固“绿色学校”创建成果，全面提高学生的综合素质。     

关于中等职业技术学校开设环境教育课程的建议

在“环境保护,教育为本”的思想指导下,我国已把环境教育列入九年义务教育课程大纲,真正做到从娃娃抓起,极大的提高了全民族的环境意识。但是,中等职业学校的环境教育仍是一个薄弱环节。一方面每年少量的环保类专业毕业生尚不能满足环保岗位自身的需要 ,另一方面大多数中等职业学校非环保专业几乎没有开设有关环境教育的课程。据我们调查及反馈的信息表明：中专生非环保专业的学生对环境保护的认识大多数来自媒体,而且认识较为粗浅,对环境问题及可持续发展战略关系及环保法规政策没有一个比较系统、深刻的理解 。根据多年的教学实…     

Smart and eco-cities in India and China

ABSTRACT

Smart and eco-cities have become important notions for thinking about urban futures. This article contributes to these ongoing debates about smart and eco-urbanism by focussing on recent urbanisation initiatives in Asia. Our study of India’s Smart Cities Mission launched under the administration of Narendra Modi and China’s All-In-One eco-cities project initiated by Xi Jinpin unfolds in two corresponding narratives. Roy and Ong’s [2011. Worlding Cities: Asian Experiments and the Art of Being Global. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell] “worlding cities” serves as the theoretical backdrop of our analysis. Based on a careful review of a diverse set of academic literature, policy and other sources we identify five process-dimensions for analysing the respective urban approaches. We show how the specific features of China’s and India’s urban focus, organisation, implementation, governance and embedding manifest both nations’ approaches to smart and eco-urbanism. We argue that India’s Smart City Mission and China’s All-in-One project are firmly anchored in broader agendas of change that are set out to transform the nation and extend into time. The Indian Smart City Mission is part of a broader ambition to transform the nation enabling her “smart incarnation” in modernity. Smart technologies are seen as the key drivers of change. In China the framework of ecological civilisation continues a 5000-year historical tradition of civilisation excellence. By explicitly linking eco-urbanism to the framework, eco-cities become a means to enact ecological civilisation on the (urban) ground.     

德国的臭氧监控及其对成都市的借鉴

环境空气中臭氧含量问题越来越多为人们所重视,本文拟就臭氧的形成与危害,臭氧监测在德国的开展情况作一介绍,并对其在成都市的借签应用提出建议措施。     

城市空气污染及对策

本文系统分析了城市空气污染的成因、污染物种类和危害,指出城市空气污染是制约城市可持续发展的关键因素之 一,提出了城市空气污染 防治的技术和非技术措施。     

Nitrogen and carbon leaching in agroecosystems and their role in denitrification potential

The drainage of water and leaching of dissolved constituents represent major components of agroecosystem mass budgets that have been exceedingly difficult to measure. Equilibrium-tension lysimeters (ETLs) were used to monitor drainage, nitrogen (N), and carbon (C) leaching through Plano silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudoll) for a 4-yr period in a restored prairie and N-fertilized no-tillage and chisel-plowed maize (Zea mays L.) agroecosystems. Mean drainage recorded during 4 yr for the prairie, no-tillage, and chisel-plowed ecosystems totaled 461, 1,116, and 1,575 mm and represented 16, 33, and 47% of precipitation plus melting of drifted snow received, respectively. Total inorganic N leaching losses during the 4-yr period for the prairie, no-tillage, and chisel-plowed ecosystems were 0.6, 201, and 179 kg N ha(-1), respectively. Inorganic N leaching represented 26 and 24% of applied fertilizer N additions to the no-tillage and chisel-plowed agroecosystems. Total dissolved C leaching losses were 119, 435, and 502 kg C ha(-1) for the prairie, no-tillage, and chisel-plowed ecosystems, respectively. Sufficient dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate N (NO3- -N) existed in the prairie and agroecosystems to support subsoil denitrification. Potential denitrification, however, was limited by insufficient lengths of saturated soil conditions in all three ecosystems, the supply of DOC in the agroecosystems, and the supply of nitrate N in the prairie. Based on available DOC and nitrate N, the maximum contribution of denitrification below the root zone in the agroecosystems was less than 25% of the total amount of leached nitrate N and the probable contribution of denitrification was much less.     

Soil acidity and manganese in declining and nondeclining sugar maple stands in Pennsylvania

For decades, the hardwood forests of northern Pennsylvania have been subjected to chronic atmospheric loading of acidifying agents. On marginal, high-elevation, unglaciated sites, sugar maples (Acer saccharum Marsh.) have experienced severe decline symptoms and mortality. Accelerated soil acidification, base cation leaching, and increased availability of toxic metals have been suggested as predisposing factors contributing to this decline. Manganese, an essential micronutrient, is also a potentially phytotoxic metal that may be a factor associated with poor sugar maple health on soils vulnerable to acidification from anthropogenic sources. We measured Mn levels in four compartments of the soil-tree system (soil, foliage, xylem wood, and sap) on three sugar maple stands in northern Pennsylvania. Two stands were classified as declining and one was in good health. Negative correlations were found between soil pH and Mn levels in the soil, foliage, sap, and xylem wood. Levels of Mn in these pools were consistently higher on declining sites, which correspondingly exhibited lower levels of Ca and Mg. Species differences between red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and sugar maple at the two declining sites suggested different tolerances to excessive Mn. Molar ratios of Mg/Mn and Ca/Mn were different among sites and showed potential as indicators of soil acidification. Significant correlations among soil, sap, foliage, and xylem wood Mn were also noted. These results show clear Mn differences among sites and, when viewed with recent Mn toxicity experiments and other observational studies, suggest that excessive Mn may play a role in the observed decline and mortality of sugar maple.     

Organic acids and aldehydes in throughfall and dew in a Japanese pine forest

We analyzed low molecular weight organic acids and aldehydes in throughfall under pine forest, and organic acids in dew on chemically inert surfaces and pine needle surfaces at urban- and mountain-facing sites of pine forest in western Japan. Low molecular weight organic acids and aldehydes accounted for less than 5% of the dissolved organic carbon in throughfall at both sites. Formaldehyde at both sites and formate at the mountain-facing site were found at significantly lower concentrations in throughfall than in rainfall, which may be explained by the degradation and/or retention of these components by the pine canopy as the incident precipitation passed through it. The oxalate concentration in throughfall was significantly higher than those in rainfall at both sites, suggesting that oxalate was derived from leaching from the pine foliage. At both sites, organic acid concentrations were higher in dew on the pine needles than in throughfall or dew on chemically inert surfaces. This could be due to the long contact time of dew on pine needles, during which leached substances from pine needles and dry deposits accumulated on their surfaces can dissolve into the small volume of dew. The role of enhanced concentrations of oxalate in an aqueous phase on the plant surfaces (e.g., dew) is discussed in relation to hydroxyl radical formation via the photo-Fenton reaction.     

Status and trends in EFlows in southern Africa

Environmental Flows (EFlows) are defined as the quantity, timing and quality of the flow of water, sediment and biota necessary to sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems, and the human livelihoods and well-being that depend on these ecosystems. As such they are a vital component of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). A recent survey found that, in general, Africa lags behind schedule with respect to the global SDG Target 6.5 to implement IWRM at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate. This web-based review explores progress made in EFlows Assessments and implementing their outcomes in southern Africa. It outlines the apparent impetus to the uptake of EFlows provided by legislation, common funding mechanisms for EFlows assessment and evolving trends in EFlows assessment. It also highlights instances of implementation of EFlows in both in-country and transboundary settings.     

Land-Use and Land-Cover Change and Farmer Vulnerability in Xishuangbanna Prefecture in Southwestern China

This study investigated land-use and land-cover change in three hamlets and two state rubber farms in the Nan-e watershed of the Xishuangbanna prefecture of Yunnan province in Southwestern China. The overall objective of the study was to understand how state policies affected land use and land cover and how changes in these variables affected farmer vulnerability to economic, social, and political events. Emphasis was placed on the cultivation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), promoted in southern Yunnan province since the 1950s as a means to meet the demands of rapid economic development. The study combined remote sensing analysis with secondary data and in-field interviews in order to understand the coupling between land-use and land-cover change and farmer vulnerability in light of the geographic, historical, and sociopolitical situation.