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1.
峡山地不同垂直带土壤层的水文功能及其影响因子   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
渗透性能和持水能力是土壤重要的水力学性质,是土壤调节径流、保持水土和涵养水源等水文功能的基础。以三峡库首的夷陵-大老岭山地为对象,采集亚高山棕壤针叶林地、中山黄棕壤针阔混交林与茶园地和低山黄壤针叶林地等4个样点剖面的土壤样品,在室内进行土壤饱和导水率、水分特征曲线和理化性质测定,量化了不同样地土壤渗透性能、持水能力和水分库容等水文功能参数,并明确了其主要影响因子。结果表明: 研究区山地土壤饱和导水率在0.06~14.78 mm/min之间,亚高山棕壤和中山黄棕壤林地土壤渗透性能较好,其平均饱和导水率在7.15~14.78 mm/ min之间,低山黄壤次之(1.3 9 mm/min),中山黄棕壤茶园土壤渗透能力最差(1.17 mm/min)。不同类型土壤的饱和含水量、毛管含水量、田间持水量存在较大差异,凋萎含水量差异较小。同一类型土壤的不同发生层内,土壤饱和含水量随土壤深度的增加而递减,毛管持水量和田间持水量随土层深度的增加波动上升。不同样地间土壤水分总库容差异较大,随着海拔的升高,土壤水分总库容增加。土壤水分特征参数与土壤性质的相关分析表明,饱和导水率与土壤总孔隙度呈显著正相关,与容重呈显著负相关;饱和含水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量均与土壤总孔隙度、粘粒含量呈显著性正相关,与容重呈显著负相关;饱和含水量与根系重量呈显著正相关;毛管持水量、田间持水量与砂粒含量呈显著负相关。与中山茶园地和低山黄壤林地相比,亚高山棕壤和中山黄棕壤林地渗透性能较好且持水性更强,具有更好的调蓄径流和涵养水源的水文功能。 关键词: 山地土壤;土壤孔隙度;饱和导水率;持水能力;三峡库区  相似文献   

2.
在野外池塘中,利用3种不同营养状况的底质研究底质营养盐对菹草生长及养分分配的影响,结果表明:沉水植物菹草面对底质营养盐的胁迫出现了急性的生理生化反应,在生长初期叶片总的可溶性糖含量在肥沃的底质上高于贫营养底质上;根、茎、叶和石芽各构件都具有异速生长现象,并且表现规律不一样;菹草的根冠比随底质营养盐的不同而变化;随着营养条件对菹草生长胁迫加重,根、冠的异速生长愈明显,同时石芽的N∶P和C∶N比率显著受底质营养盐的影响,而菹草叶片和茎N∶P和C∶N比率不受底质肥力的影响,这些响应将改变石芽第2年的命运和影响种群的维持;在胁迫生境下,菹草首先分配资源到无性繁殖体——石芽上以便维持种群的延续,以回避策略应对底质营养盐胁迫。  相似文献   

3.
利用模糊数学方法、地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感(RS)技术,采用定性和定量相结合的方法构建了鸟类生境适宜性空间模糊评价模型,解决了隶属函数的空间化问题,扩展了模糊数学方法在自然保护区空间地理事物评价中的应用。通过评价几种鸟类的生境适宜性,结果表明:大多数鸟类在海三棱藨草外带和光滩适宜性最好,由此向内陆或水域方向适宜性降低,这一显著变化与崇明东滩环境演化趋势有着密切的关系;由于鸟类生活习性的差异,不同鸟类的空间适宜性范围存在一定的差异性;已有的保护区功能区划未能充分考虑当前鸟类生境适宜性情况,生境适宜性的评价结果可以为崇明东滩保护区的功能区划提供技术性指导。  相似文献   

4.
崇明东滩鸟类生境适宜性空间模糊评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用模糊数学方法、地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感(RS)技术,采用定性和定量相结合的方法构建了鸟类生境适宜性空间模糊评价模型,解决了隶属函数的空间化问题,扩展了模糊数学方法在自然保护区空间地理事物评价中的应用。通过评价几种鸟类的生境适宜性,结果表明:大多数鸟类在海三棱藨草外带和光滩适宜性最好,由此向内陆或水域方向适宜性降低,这一显著变化与崇明东滩环境演化趋势有着密切的关系;由于鸟类生活习性的差异,不同鸟类的空间适宜性范围存在一定的差异性;已有的保护区功能区划未能充分考虑当前鸟类生境适宜性情况,生境适宜性的评价结果可以为崇明东滩保护区的功能区划提供技术性指导。  相似文献   

5.
底质营养盐对菹草生长及养分分配的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在野外池塘中,利用3种不同营养状况的底质研究底质营养盐对菹草生长及养分分配的影响,结果表明:沉水植物菹草面对底质营养盐的胁迫出现了急性的生理生化反应,在生长初期叶片总的可溶性糖含量在肥沃的底质上高于贫营养底质上;根、茎、叶和石芽各构件都具有异速生长现象,并且表现规律不一样;菹草的根冠比随底质营养盐的不同而变化;随着营养条件对菹草生长胁迫加重,根、冠的异速生长愈明显,同时石芽的N∶P和C∶N比率显著受底质营养盐的影响,而菹草叶片和茎N∶P和C∶N比率不受底质肥力的影响,这些响应将改变石芽第2年的命运和影响种群的维持;在胁迫生境下,菹草首先分配资源到无性繁殖体--石芽上以便维持种群的延续,以回避策略应对底质营养盐胁迫。  相似文献   

6.
选择位于红壤丘陵区的鄱阳湖流域作为研究对象,利用1 km×1 km分辨率的时序SPOT4 VEGETATION数据,对流域内典型土地覆被--常绿覆被的绿度值、峰值、谷值、年均NDVI(NDVI-I)和NDVI年内极差(NDVI MM)等特征值进行了提取。在此基础上,探讨了不同常绿覆被类型的NDVI指数年内季节变化规律。结果表明:时序NDVI指数基本上能够较好地刻画不同常绿覆被类型之间的差异性,植被指数NDVI特征值随覆被的类型及其生长状态有规律地变化,即NDVI年均值和最小值基本上按“常绿阔叶林>常绿针阔叶混交林>常绿针叶林>常绿针叶-落叶混交林”的顺序变化;典型常绿阔叶林的NDVI指数年内变化曲线基本上没有大的起伏波动;常绿针叶林以及常绿针阔叶混交林占主导地位的常绿混交林NDVI指数年内变化比较和缓,但常在8月和11月有所波动;以常绿针叶林为主、但有较多落〖JP2〗叶林混杂其中的常绿混交林,其NDVI指数年内变化曲线基本上呈和缓的单峰型波动。  相似文献   

7.
为了客观认识大别山五针松(Pinus dabeshanensis)与其所在群落中主要优势种的种间关系,采用样方法进行群落调查,然后用χ2检验、Ochiai关联指数、Pearson相关分析和Spearman秩相关分析法对天马自然保护区大别山五针松群落中大别山五针松与其它14个优势树种的种间联结和相关性进行了研究。结果表明:Spearman秩相关分析结果灵敏度较高,表明大别山五针松(Pinus dabeshanensis)与黄山松(Pinus taiwanensis)、短柄枹(Quercus glandulifera var brevipetiopetiolata)、栓皮栎(Quers variabilis)、天目杜鹃(Rhododendron fortunei)呈极显著正相关,与茅栗(Castanea seguinii)、五角枫(Acer mono)呈显著正相关。与白檀(Symplocos paniculata)呈极显著负相关,与蜡瓣花(Corylopsis sinensis)、荚蒾(Viburnum dilatatum)呈显著负相关。据以上分析,可把大别山五针松、黄山松、短柄枹、栓皮栎、天目杜鹃、茅栗和五角枫划为一个生态种组。保护和管理大别山五针松时,控制群落中非同一生态种组的物种,如白檀、蜡瓣花、荚蒾等,从而促进大别山五针松尽快郁闭成林  相似文献   

8.
Giant reed (Arundo donax L.) was grown on surface soil and irrigated with mixed heavy metal solutions of Cd(II) and Ni(II) to study the impact of these heavy metals on its growth and photosynthesis. The tested concentrations were 5, 50, and 100 ppm for each heavy metal against the control and resulted in high cadmium and nickel (DTPA extractable) concentrations in the top zone of the pot soil. The examined parameters, namely, stem height and diameter, number of nodes, fresh and dry weight of leaves, and net photosynthesis (Pn) were not affected, indicating that plants tolerate the high concentrations of Cd and Ni. As giant reed plants are very promising energy plants, they can be cultivated in contaminated soils to provide biomass for energy production purposes.  相似文献   

9.
应用开顶式生长室(OTCs)模拟增温试验,研究了上海市崇明岛东滩湿地围垦区芦苇的生长、繁殖和生物量分配对温度升高的响应。结果表明:温度升高使株高显著增加,但对茎粗的影响不明显。与对照相比,升温显著增加了叶长、叶宽、叶面积;但却显著减少了叶面积比率(LAR)和比叶面积(SLA),对叶长/叶宽,叶质比(LMR)无显著影响。研究发现,升温使开花个体数、开花率、花序高、花颈长、花数以及种子数量均显著减少,对芦苇的繁殖起到抑制作用。此外,升温时地上部分各层生物量显著增加,而且从下到上增加程度逐渐增大;根、茎、叶的生物量显著增加;花的生物量显著减少。升温对根各层生物量影响不同,上层生物量显著增加,中层显著减少,下层变化不明显。进一步研究表明,升温使根和花生物量占总生物量的比例显著下降,茎和叶生物量所占比例显著升高。  相似文献   

10.
This study aims to screen plant species native to Taiwan that could be used to eliminate (137)Cs radionuclides from contaminated soil. Four kinds of vegetables and two kinds of plants known as green manures were used for the screening. The test plants were cultivated in (137)Cs-contaminated soil and amended soil which is a mixture of the contaminated one with a horticultural soil. The plant with the highest (137)Cs transfer factor was used for further examination on the effects of K addition on the transfer of (137)Cs from the soils to the plant. Experimental results revealed that plants cultivated in the amended soil produced more biomass than those in the contaminated soil. Rape exhibited the highest production of aboveground parts, and had the highest (137)Cs transfer factor among all the tested plants. The transfer of (137)Cs to the rape grown in the soil to which 100 ppm KCl commonly used in local fertilizers had been added, were restrained. Results of this study indicated that rape, a popular green manure in Taiwan, could remedy (137)Cs-contaminated soil.  相似文献   

11.
In the boreal zone of the Middle Urals, biomass structure was studied in 35 species of wild plants with different ecological strategies according to Grime and Ramenskii (competitors, ruderals, and stress-tolerant plants). Plants belonging to these groups proved to differ considerably in the absolute plant weight and the quantitative contributions of the main organs to the total biomass. Discriminant analysis revealed a 97% difference between the species groups; hence, this approach may be used for identifying the ecological strategies of plants in natural habitats.  相似文献   

12.
Plant uptake of 134Cs in relation to soil properties and time   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
134Cs uptake by sunflower and soybean plants grown on seven different soils and its relation to soil properties were studied in a greenhouse pot experiment. Soil in each pot was contaminated by dripping the 134Cs in layers, and sunflower and soybean plants were grown for three and two successive periods, respectively. 134Cs plant uptake was expressed as the transfer factor (TF) (Bq kg(-1) plant/Bq kg(-1) soil) and as the daily plant uptake (flux) (Bq pot(-1) day(-1)) taking into account biomass production and growth time. For the studied soils and for both plants, no consistent trend of TFs with time was observed. The use of fluxes, in general, provided less variable results than TFs and stronger functional relationships. A negative power functional relationship between exchangeable potassium plus ammonium cations expressed as a percentage of cation exchange capacity of each soil and 134Cs fluxes was found for the sunflower plants. A similar but weaker relationship was observed for soybean plants. The significant correlation between sunflower and soybean TFs and fluxes, as well as the almost identical highest/lowest 134Cs flux ratios, in the studied soils, indicated a similar effect of soil characteristics on 134Cs uptake by both plants. In all the studied soils, sunflower 134Cs TFs and fluxes were significantly higher than the respective soybean values, while no significant difference was observed in potassium content and daily potassium plant uptake (flux) of the two plants.  相似文献   

13.
运用生物埂治理三峡库区坡耕地水土流失技术研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
阐述了三峡库区耕地构成和开展针对性研究的目的与意义,三峡库区水土流失的严重危害。试图通过种植不同的生物篱笆,探求治理三峡库区水土流失的有效途径。选择了7种不同的生物篱笆,设立小区试验研究生物埂对治理坡耕地水土流失的机理,分析其水土流失构成机理与成因,提出了三峡库区减少水土流失,防止农业面源污染的对策与措施。通过试验得出以下结论:应用生物埂技术可以保持水土,主要是减少土壤中养分的主要载体<\{0.02 mm\}大小的泥砂颗粒的流失,从而有效地保护了生态环境,增大库区环境容量。实施生物埂技术可以创建缓坡梯田,金荞麦、百喜草等是适合库区实际的生物埂植物。  相似文献   

14.
以湖南八大公山25 hm~2常绿落叶阔叶混交林动态监测样地中24个常见物种为研究对象,按照不同生长阶段(H_1:5≤H20 cm、H_2:20≤H40 cm、H_3:40≤H80 cm、H_4:80≤H130 cm、H_5:H≥130 cm且DBH1 cm)获取了826株幼苗并测量了叶片和茎干功能性状,分析了不同生长阶段、冠层和叶片习性幼苗功能性状变异,以及不同功能性状对幼苗存活的影响。结果表明:(1)幼苗功能性状在不同生长阶段差异显著,随着幼苗生长,比叶面积(SLA)、叶片碳氮比(C/N)呈现下降趋势,比茎密度(SSD)、叶柄长度(PL)、叶片氮磷比(N/P)和叶绿素含量(Chl)呈现升高趋势;(2)SLA在灌木层、亚乔木层和乔木层间无明显变化,叶片厚度(LT)、Chl和N/P在3个冠层间变化显著,SSD和PL均在灌木层和乔木层间无明显变化,C/N在灌木层和亚乔木层间无明显差异;(3)常绿树种幼苗具有较高的Chl和LT,落叶树种幼苗具有较高的SLA、叶片氮含量(LNC)、叶片磷含量(LPC)和PL;(4)个体大小对幼苗存活具有显著正效应,LPC促进落叶树种幼苗存活,抑制常绿树种幼苗存活。在植物生活史早期,不同功能群植物针对林下低光环境采取了不同生长适应策略,不同生长阶段幼苗也根据光环境的改变调整自身功能性状。另外,八大公山常绿落叶阔叶混交林中幼苗的生长主要受氮素限制,且这种限制作用随着幼苗生长逐渐减弱。  相似文献   

15.
The topic of carbon sequestration in plants has received much attention recently due to concerns about global climate change, which is being exacerbated by deforestation. In the early days of the global bioenergy boom, the private sector and non-government organizations enthusiastically promoted the planting of Jatropha curcas L. as a key candidate shrub species for the production of bioenergy in West Africa. This study investigates the aboveground biomass production and carbon sequestration potential of J. curcas, which is already widely cultivated for the production of oil seeds, biodiesel and biokerosene. The specific objective is to use a destructive method to develop allometric prediction equations of the aboveground biomass production of J. curcas plantations. 38 J. curcas shrubs were harvested and weighed in order to estimate biomass production. These data were used to develop allometric equations for the estimation of wood, leaf and total aboveground biomass production. The best-fit models found for estimating shrub component biomass and total aboveground biomass production were of the power form. All of the regression equations relating the prediction of leaf biomass, wood biomass and total aboveground biomass with J. curcas diameter at 20 cm above the ground (D) were statistically significant (p < 0.001) and also presented the highest goodness of fit (high R 2). The aboveground biomass carbon content was estimated using the ash method. Carbon content in leaves and wood was, respectively, 48 and 54 %. The current established allometric equations can be helpful to provide a rapid estimation of the aboveground biomass and C stock for J. curcas biofuel projects in semi-arid conditions.  相似文献   

16.
以不同龄级(1~5年生)南川木波罗幼苗为研究对象,研究其生物量及分配,并利用苗高(H)、基径(D)及HD2估测单株木及其器官生物量的适合模型。结果表明:(1)随着苗龄的增加,单株生物量及各器官生物量随之增加,其中枝生物量增加幅度最大;(2)地上部分各器官生物量分配率表现为:干生物量>叶生物量>枝生物量;(3)地下部分各龄级根系生物量分配以主根和粗根为主,表现为:主根>粗根>细根,地上部分生物量分配率高于地下部分,并最后趋于稳定;(4)以基径(D)作为自变量优于利用株高(H)和HD2建立生物量预测模型,并且多以幂函数为最佳,建立的生物量预测模型中,除细根生物量预测模型较差外,其它预测模型效果都较好,相关系数均达到极显著水平,表明利用本文建立的估测南川木波罗各器官生物量模型是可行的  相似文献   

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