Chemical speciation and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in volcanic rocks of Southern Qinghai,China

ABSTRACT

Seven volcanic rocks samples were collected from Southern Qinghai to analyze chemical speciation and migration behavior of heavy metals by sequential chemical extraction procedure and column leaching test. The geo-accumulation index, ecological risk index and the risk assessment code were applied to assess the heavy metal pollution and potential environmental effects in this area. Results revealed that the total concentrations of heavy metals did not exceed the background values in soil of this area. Most of the samples produced acid rock drainage. The order of heavy metal migration and transformation sequence in the volcanic rocks of Zhiduo region was Cd?>?Pb?>?As?=?Cu?=?Zn?=?Mn based on the geo-accumulation index and Cd caused heavy pollution, which was also confirmed by the leaching test. Moderate potential ecological risk posed by heavy metals occurred in the study area based on the potential ecological risk index. Cd contributed to most of ecological risk while the remaining heavy metals (except As) exerted medium to high risks to the environment according to the risk assessment code evaluation results. In summary, volcanic rocks possessed potential risks to the surroundings due to potential release of heavy metals. Cd that caused the pollution should be paid special attention.     

镍钴采选行业废石和尾矿中重金属淋溶释放规律研究

镍钴采选废石和尾矿中重金属的溶出释放规律对矿区的重金属污染防治具有重要意义。但目前,国内还没有对镍钴行业采选产生的尾矿和废石中重金属的溶出规律开展研究。本文以镍钴采选企业的尾矿和废石作为样本,开展了毒性浸出实验。研究了不同pH值、离子强度、温度等实验条件对重金属溶出的影响,探讨了镍钴采选过程中所产生的尾矿和废石中重金属的溶出特性和释放规律。实验结果表明,尾矿样品中Ni的浸出浓度为42.28 mg·L^-1,是最大允许排放浓度的8.86倍,为具有浸出毒性特征的危险废物;废石样品中重金属Ni和Cu的溶出浓度分别为4.72 mg·L^-1和26.2 mg·L^-1,超过最大允许排放浓度,属于第Ⅱ类一般工业固体废物。pH对样品中Ni、Cr、Pb、Co和As的溶出量影响较大,其中尾矿中Ni和Cu在pH较低的条件下,可达到44.28 mg·L^-1和53 mg·L^-1,远高于最大允许排放浓度,而Hg、Cd和Cu的溶出量随pH值的变化不大。除As以外,样品中大多数重金属的溶出质量浓度在酸性条件下比在中性条件下高,这表明在酸性环境条件下,这些重金属对周围生态环境的潜在风险更大。离子强度的变化对Cd和Co的溶出量的变化并不明显,而当离子强度变化时,Ni、Cr、Pb、Hg、Cu和As的溶出量可能达到最大,使周围环境的潜在生态风险增大。当温度达到35~40℃时,部分重金属如Co、Pb、Cd 等,溶出量将达到最大;当温度低于25℃时,除 Ni 以外,大部分重金属溶出量很低。而温度变化对重金属Cu、As、Cr和Hg的溶出量的影响不明显,波动范围较小,对周围生态环境产生的潜在生态风险较小。     

Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals

• Adding kaolin/zeolite promotes the formation of stable heavy metals. • The potential ecological risk index of co-pyrolysis biochar is extremely low. • Increasing the pyrolysis temperature reduces the leaching toxicity of heavy metals. • The toxicity of biochar reduces with the increasing content of stable heavy metals. Pyrolysis is a promising technique used for treating of sewage sludge. However, the application of pyrolysis products is limited due to the presence of heavy metals. In this study, sewage sludge mixed with kaolin/zeolite was pyrolyzed in a rotary kiln, aiming to improve the immobilization of heavy metals in pyrolytic carbon. The total concentrations, speciation distributions, leaching toxicities, and potential ecological risk indices of heavy metals in pyrolysis biochar were explored to examine the effects of kaolin/zeolite and pyrolytic temperature on immobilizing heavy metals. Further, mineral composition and surface morphology of biochar were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to reveal the potential mechanism of immobilizing heavy metals. Increasing pyrolysis temperature facilitated the stabilization of heavy metals in pyrolysis biochar. The proportions of stable heavy metals in biochar obtained at 650℃ were 54.50% (Cu), 29.73% (Zn), 79.29% (Cd), 68.17% (Pb) and 86.70% (Cr). Compared to sewage sludge, the potential contamination risk index of pyrolysis biochar obtained at 650℃ was reduced to 17.01, indicating a low ecological risk. The addition of 7% kaolin/zeolite further reduced the risk index of co-pyrolysis biochar prepared at 650℃ to 10.86/15.28. The characterization of biochar revealed that increase in the pyrolysis temperature and incorporation of additives are conducive to the formation of stable heavy metal-inorganics. This study demonstrates that the formation of stable mineral compounds containing heavy metals is the key to stabilizing heavy metals in pyrolysis biochar.     

TCLP法评价酸性矿山废水污染稻田土壤重金属的生态风险

采用美国最新的法定重金属污染评价方法TCLP(Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure,TCLP)法对粤北大宝山矿山下游受酸性矿山废水长期污染的稻田土壤的重金属(Cd、Zn、Pb、Cu)污染状况进行评价,以国际规定的TCLP法标准评价重金属生态环境风险.结果表明,TCLP试剂提取的土壤重金属Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn含量分别在0.02～0.58、1.42～38.07、0.16-31.01和1.84～75.29 mg·kg-1之间.酸性矿山废水污染稻田土壤不同程度地受到Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的污染,其中以Pb、Zn污染最为严重,其次为Cu污染,Cd污染程度最轻.     

Fates and partitioning of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration process

The fate and partitioning of heavy metals (including Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, Ni, and Cu) from MSW incinerators located in Taiwan were determined. Results of stack sampling indicate that most Hg and As (more than 80%) exists in the gas phase while other metals partition differently among bottom ash, fly ash, and flue gases. Removal efficiencies of existing air pollution control devices for Hg and As are lower (about 70%) than other metals. Bottom ash contains higher concentration of Cd compared with European incinerators. In addition, strong enrichment of Cd on fly ash particles is observed.     

南运河重金属污染状况及生态风险评价

采集南运河的水样和沉积物样品,对其重金属污染状况和生态风险进行了分析评价。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对水、沉积物中铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)、铜(Cu)和镉(Cd)浓度进行分析。结果显示南运河水样中这5种重金属浓度均低于地表水环境质量标准I类水质标准,虽然运河上游沉积物中As和Cd浓度较高,但沉积物中重金属浓度总体上均处于较低水平。地累积指数法计算显示:As和Cd在部分河段达到重度和中度污染水平,Cu、Cr、Pb均处于无污染水平。各种重金属的潜在生态风险指数(Eir)从大到小的顺序为:CdAsCuPbCr,与地累积指数法结果相似。南运河总的潜在生态风险指数(RI)均值为128.85,潜在生态风险程度为"中",沉积物中Cd和As是南运河需要优先控制的重金属污染物。     

典型铜尾矿库周边土壤重金属复合污染特征

应用了Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法、相关分析法、主成分分析法对德兴铜矿尾砂库周边土壤Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cr和Cd复合污染特征进行研究,定量确定了铜尾矿库潜在生态风险程度、主要污染因子和潜在生态风险因子。结果表明:铜矿尾矿库周边土壤受到不同程度的重金属污染,该地区平均潜在生态风险污染指数超过600,具有极高的潜在生态风险;各重金属潜在生态风险参数由高至低顺序为Cd、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr、Zn,其中Cd为主要潜在生态风险因子。进一步通过主成分分析法研究了重金属的污染特性,发现前3个主成分贡献率分别为:65.033%、18.825%、6.243%,第一主成分反映了Zn、Ni、Cr的信息,第二主成分反映了Cu和Cd的信息,第三主成分反映Pb的信息。     

黄浦江水源地沉积物重金属潜在生态风险评价

为了解黄浦江上游饮用水源地沉积物中重金属的污染特征,对黄浦江干流和主要支流15个采样点的Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn含量进行检测,并对其生态风险进行评价.相比环境背景中位值,在15个样品中5种重金属含量都存在一定比例的超标现象,其中,Cd和Hg的污染相对明显;相比背景最大值,仅有Cu和Cd含量超标.采用潜在生态风险指数法和污染负荷指数法进行评价,所得出的生态风险等级均为无污染～中等污染水平,急水港近苏沪交界处、淀峰大桥、大蒸港沪浙交界处、大蒸港泖洋河交汇处、园泄泾以及五厍东一号河交界处区域生态风险较高,Cd和Hg是研究区域生态风险的主导因子.值得注意的是,黄浦江支流大蒸港和园泄泾的生态风险整体高于黄浦江干流.总体而言,黄浦江上游水源地表层沉积物中重金属污染仍处于中等以下水平.     

淋洗脱盐对滨海滩涂不同植被演替带土壤重金属的影响

为研究围垦对滨海滩涂土壤重金属的影响,采用土柱实验模拟淋洗脱盐过程,分析了滨海滩涂不同植被演替带(光滩、互花米草滩、碱蓬滩、芦苇滩)土壤在淋洗脱盐前后重金属(As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn)含量的变化,评估了围垦可能导致的滩涂重金属流失量。研究表明,淋洗脱盐后,各植被演替带土壤重金属均显著降低,相比而言,Hg、Cr更易淋洗(淋洗率分别为57.2%、49.9%),而Zn不易淋洗(淋洗率18.5%);不同植被演替带土壤重金属淋洗率表现为:光滩互花米草滩碱蓬滩芦苇滩,光滩土壤重金属更易淋洗,而芦苇滩重金属不易淋洗;根据土壤容重、含水率、淋洗率及重金属含量计算重金属流失量发现,不同植被演替带重金属流失量同样表现为:光滩互花米草滩碱蓬滩芦苇滩;除互花米草滩As流失量较高外(19.26 kg·ha-1),其他重金属流失量均表现为光滩最高,光滩围垦可能会造成更多的重金属流失;在仅考虑淋洗脱盐情况下,以江苏省2010~2020年围垦规划270万亩计,仅表层20 cm滩涂土壤,通过围垦即可能导致As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn流失2 102.5、7.4、421.3、8 587.9、4 376.3、2 404.3 t,由围垦导致的滩涂重金属流失风险值得关注。     

Assessment of popular techniques for co-processing municipal solid waste in Chinese cement kilns

• Municipal solid waste (MSW) was fermented, screened, gasified, then co-processed. • Co-processing MSW in cement kilns could cause excessive pollutant emissions. • Bypass flue gas can be disposed of through the main flue system. • Popular MSW co-processing methods do not affect cement quality. Cement kiln co-processing techniques have been developed in the past 20 years in China, and more than 60 factories now use fermentation, screening, and gasification pre-treatment techniques to co-process municipal solid waste (MSW). There three complete MSW pre-treatment techniques, co-processing procedures, and environmental risk assessments have been described in few publications. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of each technique. The results suggested that the pollutant content released by each pre-treatment technology was lower than the emission standard. To reveal the mechanisms of pollutant migration and enrichment, the substances in the kiln and kiln products are investigated. The input of co-processing materials (Co-M) produced by fermentation caused formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) in the bypass flue gas (By-gas) in excess of the regulatory standard. The Co-M input produced by the screening and gasifier technologies caused the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration to exceed the standard. In addition, the NO_x, TOC, and PCDD/Fs in the By-gas exceeded the regulatory standard. Raw meal was the primary chlorine and heavy metals input stream, and clinker (CK) and cement kiln dust (CKD) accounted for>90% of the total chlorine output stream. Flue gas and CKD were the primary volatile heavy metal (Hg) output streams. Greater than 70% of the semi-volatile heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Tl and Se) distributed in hot raw meal and bypass cement kiln dust. The low-volatility heavy metals were concentrated in the CK. These results indicated that co-processing techniques used in China still require improvement.     

珠江三角洲养殖鱼塘水体中重金属污染特征和评估

为了解珠江三角洲主要养殖环境中重金属含量及潜在生态危害程度,用电感藕合等离子质谱法和原子荧光法测定了肇庆、广州、惠州和茂名4市14个样点沉积物中7种元素的水体及底泥总量,并对底泥中主要重金属污染状况及潜在生态风险进行了评价。结果表明：养殖鱼塘水体中Cr质量浓度范围是nd-0.1011 mg·L-1,超标率为7.1%,Cu质量浓度范围为nd-0.1438 mg·L-1,超标率为64.3%,As质量浓度范围是0.0112-0.0812 mg·L-1,超标率为24.1%,Hg质量浓度范围是0.00004-0.00458 mg·L^-1,超标率为35.7%,Pb质量浓度范围为nd-0.0973 mg·L^-1,超标率为6.8%,其余Ni、Zn和Cd质量浓度范围分别为nd-0.0218、nd-0.0232和nd-0.00319 mg·L^-1,均未超渔业水质标准;底泥中重金属元素Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Hg、Cd和Pb的平均值分别为83.86、46.19、242.16、32.38、0.64、1.00和60.06 mg·kg^-1,地积累指数评价结果显示,表层沉积物重金属污染程度顺序为Cd＞Hg＞Zn＞Pb＞As＞Cu＞Cr,其中,Cd污染程度为中-强,是底泥污染最严重的元素。潜在生态风险指数分析,单项潜在生态风险指数生态风险均值排列顺序为 Hg＞As＞Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞Zn＞Cr。对区域综合潜在生态风险指数RI的贡献率最大的元素为Hg、As和Cd。4个市底泥潜在生态风险综合指数（RI）比较,惠州（290.13）＞广州（240.54）＞茂名（193.23）＞肇庆（116.40）。Hg和Cd是该水域污染和潜在生态风险最大的元素。     

应用物种敏感性分布评估中国近海和福建主要海湾水体重金属生态风险

利用物种敏感性分布(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)方法构建常见重金属元素对海洋生物的SSD曲线,在此基础上,结合实际调查数据,计算了中国近海7种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn)和福建主要海湾6种重金属(As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn)对海洋生物的潜在影响比例(PAF),并分析了各种重金属在相应海区的联合生态风险(msPAF)。结果表明,中国近海水体重金属对海洋生物的生态风险大小顺序为:渤海(20.67%)>黄海(18.39%)>东海(15.94%)>南海(11.26%)。福建主要海湾水体重金属对海洋生物的生态风险大小顺序为:泉州湾(47.44%)>厦门湾(47.16%)>罗源湾(43.03%)>沙埕港(34.65%)>深沪湾(30.34%)>三沙湾(28.64%)>闽江口(20.55%)>诏安湾(20.42%)>兴化湾(18.37%)>湄洲湾(17.24%)。     

武汉市郊区设施蔬菜地土壤重金属含量及其生态风险

采用野外调查采样和室内分析相结合的方法,对武汉市郊部分设施蔬菜地土壤5种重金属砷(As)、汞(Hg)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)的累积现状和潜在生态风险进行了分析评价.结果表明,研究区土壤中As、Hg、Cr、Cd、Pb的平均含量分别为0.06、0.15、19.85、1.07、5.44 mg/kg,其中Cd和Hg的平均含量分别达到湖北省土壤背景值的9.41和2.36倍;设施蔬菜地土壤中不同重金属的单因子污染状况具有Cd>Hg>Cr>Pb>As的特征,就综合污染指数而言,Cd元素是污染发生的主要贡献因子;从多种重金属潜在综合生态风险指数(RI)来看,研究区仅有18.23%的采样点达到中等生态风险,其余样点的潜在生态风险指数在轻微风险水平范围内.图4表3参15     

Eco-friendly approach for leaching out heavy metals from sewage sludge

Sewage sludge contains rich organic matter and nutrients essential for the growth of plants but the presence of toxic heavy metals restricts its land application. To overcome this, the study aims an eco-friendly approach for leaching out heavy metals. Sewage sludge from sewage treatment plant, Chennai, India was characterised. The analysis of total heavy metal concentration was done by digesting in nitric acid and different forms were extracted by community bureau of reference sequential method. Heavy metals: As, Cd, Cr, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry Perkin Elmer Optima 5300 DV. The experimental set-up for heavy metal leaching was held for five consecutive days at different concentrations of humic acid (0.1%, 0.5% and 1%) at varied pH (5–9). Results revealed that at the end of fifth day at pH 8, 1% humic acid is capable of leaching out 75.5% cadmium, 66.0% nickel, 52.0% lead, 51.2% zinc, 31.2% copper and 8.5% cadmium from sewage sludge. Statistically positive correlation (0.7088) existed between the percentage of heavy metals leached out and the sum of soluble and reducible fractions. Thus, from ecological point of view, humic acid can be used to leach out heavy metals from sewage sludge serving the need in restoration of soil fertility upon land application.     

贵阳市冬季PM_(2.5)中典型重金属元素的化学形态分析与健康风险评价

为了更准确地研究重金属的生物有效性和对环境与人体的潜在生态危害,采用改进BCR法分析了贵阳市冬季PM_(2.5)中Cu、Mn、Co、Cd、Pb这5种重金属元素的化学形态,并评价了它们的生物有效性和健康风险。结果表明:不同重金属元素形态分布存在差异,Cu主要是弱酸溶态,其次是可氧化态;Mn主要是弱酸溶态,其次是残渣态;Co没有检测出可还原态,而在其他3种形态分布比较平均;Pb和Cd绝大部分都是弱酸溶态。生物有效性系数(K)分析结果表明:重金属生物有效性强弱顺序为CdPbMnCuCo,其中Cd和Pb的K0.8,属于生物可利用性元素;Mn、Cu、Co的K值在0.4~0.7之间,属于潜在生物可利用性元素。健康风险评价表明:成人的致癌风险比儿童大,尤其Cd对成年人存在潜在的致癌风险,且成年男性高于成年女性;Mn存在潜在非致癌风险,且对儿童的风险最大。     

典型野生食用菌重金属含量及其人体健康风险评价

土壤重金属污染是影响生态环境、食品安全和人体健康的重要因素.云南省土壤重金属背景值较高,且矿产资源丰富、采矿活动频繁,导致土壤重金属含量较高.野生食用菌是高效重金属储积器,云南是中国野生食用菌最大产区.因此,本文以云南省8种典型野生食用菌为研究对象,探究其重金属含量(汞、镉、铅、锌、铜、砷)与分配特征,采用单因子污染指数对其进行重金属污染评价,利用概率方法(THQ指数)评估其对不同年龄人群(成人、儿童)的人体健康风险.研究结果表明,不同种类野生食用菌重金属含量存在显著差异(P<0.05).Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu浓度范围分别为0.5—7.2、0.3—15、0—26.8、47.7—214、56.7—428 mg·kg^-1 dw;As未检出.此外,Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu均主要分布于菌盖.除虫草花、白森、干巴菌中Hg未检出,其余重金属污染评价中单因子污染指数均>1,且同一元素在同种野生食用菌不同部位污染程度不同,其中,老人头菌盖受Cd污染最为严重.基于国家食品安全标准,本研究中98%野生食用菌Hg、Cd、Pb含量超标.然而,THQ指数表明,部分野生食用菌中Zn无风险(THQ<1),老人头菌盖、鸡枞菌盖中Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu具有人体健康风险(THQ>1),且风险值儿童>成人.     

典型铜尾矿库周边土壤重金属复合污染特征

应用了Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法、相关分析法、主成分分析法对德兴铜矿尾砂库周边土壤Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cr和Cd复合污染特征进行研究,定量确定了铜尾矿库潜在生态风险程度、主要污染因子和潜在生态风险因子。结果表明：铜矿尾矿库周边土壤受到不同程度的重金属污染,该地区平均潜在生态风险污染指数超过600,具有极高的潜在生态风险;各重金属潜在生态风险参数由高至低顺序为Cd、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr、Zn,其中Cd为主要潜在生态风险因子。进一步通过主成分分析法研究了重金属的污染特性,发现前3个主成分贡献率分别为：65．033％、18．825％、6．243％,第一主成分反映了Zn、Ni、cr的信息,第二主成分反映了Cu和Cd的信息,第三主成分反映Pb的信息。     

会泽某铅锌矿周边农田土壤重金属生态风险评价

为了了解云南会泽某铅锌矿废周边农田土壤中重金属含量及潜在的生态危害程度,利用野外采样与实验室分析相结合的方法,以会泽某铅锌矿周边农田土壤（0-20 cm）为研究对象,分析其中7种的重金属（Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn和Hg）含量,并采用风险评价代码法和Hankanson潜在生态风险指数法评价对重金属污染程度与潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明：7种重金属都存在超标或污染,其中Pb、As、Cd等的污染较为严重。统计学分析结果表明,Pb、As、Hg、Zn、Cd来源相同,铅锌矿冶炼污染物的排放可能是导致研究区域农田土壤重金属含量升高的主要原因。7种重金属化学形态也不尽相同：在重金属有效态中,Cd的水溶态和可提取态较高（平均值达到31.2%）;Pb、Cu和Zn可还原态、可氧化态这两部分含量较高,两部分之和的平均值分别可达到27.9%、30%和27.2%;Hg、As和Cr的残渣态含量较高,平均值分别为90.4%、72.9%和76.8%。风险评价代码评价结果表明,54.4%的样点Cd为高生态风险,45.6%的样点Cd为中度生态风险;100%的样点Zn为中度生态风险;Cu有41.2%的点位属于低生态风险,58.8%的点位属于中度生态风险;As和Pb主要以低生态风险为主（所占比例分别为92.6%和91.8%）;Hg主要以无生态风险为主（所占97.1%）。Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法结果表明,7种重金属潜在生态危害大小顺序为：Cd（331）〉Hg（127.5）〉Pb（43.6）〉As（14.9）〉Cu（9.3）〉Zn（2.3）〉Cr（2.1）。7种重金属的综合潜在生态风险指数（RI）的范围为58.2-1839.3。11%的采样点处于轻微生态风险程度,27.1%的采样点处于中等生态风险程度,46.3%的的采样点处于强生态风险程度,15.6%的采样点处于很强的生态风险程度。综上所述,该矿区周边农田土壤受到了严重的重金属污染,由此引起的重金属生态风险不容忽视?     

典型城市污染水体底泥中重金属形态分布和相关性

采用Tessier五步连续提取法,研究了南京市莫愁湖、玄武湖、秦淮河13个底泥样品中的重金属的形态分布情况,分析了重金属浸出量与各形态间的相关性及有机质与有机结合态的相关性,并通过红外谱图分析了有机质与重金属结合的机理.结果表明:底泥中Pb,cu,zh,Ni,Cr主要以有机结合态和残渣态俘在,两种形态的含量占总量70%以上,Zn和Cd的可交换态和碳酸盐结合态含量相列较高,Zn约占20%,Cd约占30%;Zn,Cu,Cd,Ni,Cr的浸出量均与可交换离子态呈现显著的相关性,因此可通过减小可交换离子态含量控制底泥重金属污染的风险性;研究还表明,有机质与有机结合态呈现显著的正相关,因此增加底泥中有机质含量有助于重金属向有_棚结合态转化,有机质与重金属的结合主要是由于其中-些官能团和重金属形成稳定的络合物.     

滇池沉积物中重金属污染特征及其生态风险评估

采集了滇池北部和中心区域2根柱状沉积物样品,分析其常量元素（Fe、Mn、Al、Ti、Ca、K）、微量元素（Ba、Sr、Cu、Pb、Zn、V、Cd）剖面分布特征,并采用H？kanson潜在生态危害指数法对典型重金属（Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb）进行了污染潜在生态风险评估。结果表明：沉积物中常量元素以Fe2O3、CaO及Al2O3为主,MnO、K2O及TiO2含量较少,变化范围是Fe2O3为8.0～14.9%、MnO为0.1～0.2%、Al2O3为9.0～20.1%、TiO2为1.5%～2.8%、CaO为0.4～21.7%、K2O为1.5～2.0%;微量元素Pb, Cd, Zn, Ba, Cu, Sr 及V含量均较高,变化范围是Pb为73.8～105.3 mg·kg^-1、Cd为1.0～3.4 mg·kg^-1、Zn为123.4～210.6 mg·kg^-1、Ba为264.8～435.7 mg·kg^-1、Cu为77.5～133.5 mg·kg^-1、Sr为34.9～137.5 mg·kg^-1以及V为177.7～284.7 mg·kg^-1。尤其表层0～12 cm内（1950 s以后）,各元素含量值均明显高于12 cm以下各值,20世纪50年代后滇池流域内工农业发展及污染物输入是造成金属元素含量累积的主要因素。沉积物中典型重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd污染潜在生态风险评估结果：Cu、Zn和Pb处于中度污染,且C if 值越接近表层（0～12 cm）其值越高,这表明自1950S后污染程度不断加重,其中 Cd 累积与污染比较严重,分析多种元素的多因子污染参数之和C d表明滇池沉积物中多种元素污染整体处于“较高”污染程度,分析多种元素的潜在生态风险指数RI表明滇池沉积物中重金属潜在生态风险处于“很高”水平。同时,滇池北部沉积物中重金属潜在危害较严重且近年来污染有加重趋势。