"十一五"我国废钢供应及钢铁工业成就回顾与展望

回顾了"十一五"期间我国钢铁生产及废钢回收供应情况,总结了2010年我国冶金炉料行业的重大变化求及行情,对2011年世界及我国粗钢产量进行预测的同时,分析预测我国2011年废钢市场的需求量.     

我国中小型废钢加工设备发展前景展望

计划经济时期,我国废钢加工设备的研制、生产尚处于起始发展阶段.20世纪80年代后期,随着我国冶金工业的快速发展,废钢的回收加工越来越被政府重视.原国家计委曾一度把废钢铁回收加工列入节能项目,废钢加工设备研制、生产企业便应运而生.宜昌机床工业公司是我国最早从事废钢加工设备研究、开发、生产的企业之一.     

国内废钢行业概况及废钢价格关联因素的量化研究

介绍了"十五"和"十一五"时期国内废钢行业发展概况,重点阐述废钢行业的回收供应以及消耗情况,并对影响废钢价格的因素进行数学建模,对关联程度大小进行量化,对更好地分析废钢市场走势有较好的指导意义。     

我国废钢产业发展概况及前景展望

对我国2009年废钢供求状况、行情及我国废钢产业的发展进行回顾,展望了2010年国内废钢市场的发展前景,指出2010年我国废钢资源依然紧缺,不利于钢铁产业节能减排;新税收政策的实施以及中小钢铁企业的恶性竞争也是造成我国废钢资源紧缺的根本原因。     

2011年我国废钢铁市场将持续健康运行

全面分析了2010年我国废钢铁市场的整体运行情况,在此基础上,对2011年我国废钢市场的供需及运行状况进行预测,指出2011年我国废钢市场将迎来良好发展机遇和诸多利好因素,并将持续健康发展,日本地震将给中国废钢铁进口及国内市场带来较大影响.     

我国废钢加工设备发展中的问题及管理建议

我国钢铁工业的快速发展,带动了废钢回收及废钢加工设备产业的发展。介绍了我国废钢加工设备的生产规模及现状,对废钢加工设备制造企业多元化发展现象进行分析,并对废钢加工设备制造企业的规范化管理提出合理化建议。     

废钢震荡盘整加剧 后期价格渐趋弱化

探讨了废钢行业目前面临的焦点问题,分析了2012年国内废钢消耗使用现状及价格走势,指出随着我国钢材市场供过于求局面的长期存在,2013年的废钢行情依然复杂多变。     

废钢回收利用技术专利分析

废钢是一种载能节能、低碳环保、可循环使用的再生资源在钢铁工业中扮演者着非常重要的角色。随着我国钢铁储蓄量的大幅增长以及环保要求的日益严格,如何高效使用废钢已经成为行业研究的热门课题。基于德温特创新索引国际专利数据库(DII),利用TDA等主流文献情报分析工具,对废钢回收利用技术专利研发及应用进展进行了分析研究。结果表明废钢回收利用专利及核心专利主要集中在日本、美国、中国等国家,新日铁公司、JFE钢铁公司、浦项制铁等是主要的研发企业。废钢回收利用技术研发方向主要集中在通过冶炼处理废钢、废钢的物理处理以及废钢预热焙烧等方面,核心专利技术研发方向主要集中废钢预热、废钢中提取其他有用金属、电炉炼钢处理废钢等方面。     

我国废钢应用前景及加工设备市场容量分析

简要介绍废钢特点、来源及其应用的优越性,并分析了制约我国废钢大量应用的原因;对废钢产业的市场前景进行分析展望,并以废钢破碎线为例,对废钢加工设备的市场容量进行分析;同时也指出废钢市场可能存在的一些风险因素。     

我国废钢铁市场的发展前景及废钢电子交易推荐标准

随着我国钢铁工业高速发展和国家对节能减排的高度重视,废钢铁资源的应用倍受业内关注。对我国废钢供需市场的规模、现状及发展前景进行分析和预测,并对我国废钢电子交易推荐标准进行详细介绍,指出作为大宗商品交易发展方向的电子交易模式,是我国废钢贸易的发展趋势,有利于废钢市场有序健康发展。     

电厂建设运行中的水土流失预测与水土保持设计

在燃煤电厂建设运行的同时,将引起一系列的水土流失问题.以四川国电金堂电厂二期扩建工程为例,简要说明项目区水土流失预测的内容和方法,并在其基础上对可能产生的水土流失和危害进行了分析,同时介绍了建设期和运行期采取的综合防治措施,为类似工程的水土保持提供借鉴.     

磷对环境的污染及防治对策

我国水体富营养化严重，其主要控制因子是磷。在分析磷污染的污染状况，污染源的基础上，介绍了防治对策，采用低磷循环冷却水处理剂，减少磷排放，是防止工业磷污染的有效方法。     

Pyrolysis of virgin and waste polypropylene and its mixtures with waste polyethylene and polystyrene

A comparison of waste and virgin polypropylene (PP) plastics under slow pyrolysis conditions is presented. Moreover, mixtures of waste PP with wastes of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) were pyrolyzed under the same operating conditions. Not only the impact of waste on degradation products but also impacts of the variations in the mixing ratio were investigated. The thermogravimetric weight loss curves and their derivatives of virgin and waste PP showed differences due to the impurities which are dirt and food residues. The liquid yield distribution concerning the aliphatic, mono-aromatic and poly-aromatic compounds varies as the ratio of PP waste increases in the waste plastic mixtures. In addition to this, the alkene/alkane ratio of gas products shows variations depending on the mixing ratio of wastes.     

北京市居民衣服消费处置及对其回收利用认识调查与分析

首先对北京市居民每年购买新衣服的数量、支出、穿着时间、淘汰原因,以及闲置衣服的处理方式、数量等进行了调查与分析,然后对北京市居民对旧衣物回收利用的认识、回收形式及其处理方式,对旧衣物如何处理回收、再利用的担忧,对希望旧衣物回收箱摆放的场所等进行了调查与分析。其研究结果对废旧纺织品回收体系建设、制度及政策制定具有一定的参考价值。     

Photo-oxidation and Photo-toxicity of Crude and Refined Oils

The fate and effects of an oil spill are effected by solar radiation through the action of photo-oxidation and photo-toxicity. Photo-oxidation, an important process in the weathering of oil, produces a variety of oxidized compounds, including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, esters, epoxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, phenols, anhydrides, quinones and aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Some of these compounds contribute to the marine biota toxicity observed after an oil spill. Photo-toxicity occurs when uptake of certain petroleum compounds, e.g. certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzothiophenes, is followed by solar exposure which results in much greater toxicity than after dark uptake. The mechanism of PAH photo-toxicity includes absorbance of solar radiation by the PAH which produces a free radical and this free radical in turn reacts with oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA and other cellular macromolecules. While most studies on photo-toxicity have been carried out in the laboratory, there are studies showing that water from an oil spill is photo-toxic to bivalve embryos for at least a few days after the spill. Other studies have found that oil contaminated sediments are photo-toxic to several marine invertebrates. More studies are required to determine if marine fauna at an oil spill site are effected by the action of photo-toxicity and photo-oxidation.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyols and Polyurethane Foams from PET Waste and Crude Glycerol

In this study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste from post-consumer soft-drink bottles and crude glycerol from the biodiesel industry were used for the preparation of polyols and polyurethane foams. PET waste was firstly depolymerized by the glycolysis of diethylene glycol. The glycolyzed PET oligomers were then reacted with crude glycerol at different weight ratios to produce polyols via a series of reactions, such as esterification, transesterification, condensation, and polycondensation. The polyols were characterized by titration, viscometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry. Subsequently, polyurethane (PU) foams were made via the reaction between the produced polyols and polymeric methylene-4,4′-diphenyl diisocyanate and were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Polyols from crude glycerol and their PU foams were also prepared to compare properties with those of polyols and PU foams from PET and crude glycerol. The influence of aromatic segments existing in glycolyzed PET and glycerol content on the properties of the polyols and PU foams was investigated. It was found that aromatic segments of polyols from glycolyzed PET helped increase their molecular weights and improve thermal stability of PU foams, while high glycerol content in polyols increased the hydroxyl number of polyols and the density and compressive strength of PU foams.     

Novel and innovative pyrolysis and gasification technologies for energy efficient and environmentally sound MSW disposal

Within the context of European Union (EU) energy policy and sustainibility in waste management, recent EU regulations demand energy efficient and environmentally sound disposal methods of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Currently, landfill with its many drawbacks is the preferred option in the EU and many other industrialised countries. Within the waste management hierarchy thermal disposal especially incineration is a viable and proven alternative. But, the dominating method, mass-burn grate incineration has drawbacks as well particularly hazardous emissions and harmful process residues. In recent years, pyrolysis and gasification technologies have emerged to address these issues and improve the energy output. To keep the many players in the field comprehensively informed and up-to-date, novel and innovative technology approaches emphasising European developments are reviewed.     

微生物絮凝剂及其在水处理中的应用

近年来对微生物絮凝剂的研究不断深入，新的高效菌种不断被发现。简要介绍了微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理、分关、絮凝效果及影响因素，重点介绍了新型微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用。     

Laboratory Experiments and Estimation of Cumulative Infiltration and Sorptivity

Soil water cumulative infiltration affects the environment by controlling the irrigation rate and consequently the water and pollutants movement through the ground. In order to study the cumulative infiltration in a sandy soil sample, experiments were performed in the laboratory. The sample was placed uniformly in a transparent column with an inner diameter of 6 cm. A constant head boundary condition of a 2 mm height was applied on the surface of the sample and the cumulative volume of the incoming water was measured. Soil moisture at four locations of the column was measured, by using the TDR method in order to obtain the moisture profiles. By comparing the values of the infiltrated water volumes with those calculated by the integration of the moisture profiles, a good agreement was found out. Also the Parlange theoretical model fitted very well with the infiltration experimental points.