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碳纳米管基复合吸附剂的制备及其吸附性能 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了解决碳纳米管(CNTs)在吸附水中污染物时易聚集、难分离的问题,本文采用静电自组装技术将碳纳米管固定化在具有微米级粒径的碳酸钙颗粒表面,设计制备了壳-核结构的CNTs基复合吸附剂.实验考查了不同碳纳米管分散体系对复合吸附剂制备的影响,并采用Zeta电位、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜等手段对复合吸附剂的制备过程和结构进行表征,探讨了制备的碳纳米管基复合吸附剂对菲的吸附性能.结果发现,复合吸附剂对菲的吸附能力随CNTs载量的增加而增大,CNTs标化的吸附系数则随CNTs载量的增加而下降,碳纳米管是复合吸附剂的主要吸附位点. 相似文献
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碳纳米管(CNTs)具有优异的理化特性,在多个领域拥有广阔的应用前景。然而,原料成本高等因素限制了其大规模生产与应用。废塑料年产量巨大,富含C、H元素,在催化热解过程中可产生大量CNTs生长所需的气态碳源,因而废塑料在热催化制备CNTs方面极具潜力。以塑料废弃物为原料制备CNTs,既可以降低CNTs的生产成本,又能够实现塑料废弃物的高效处置与高值化利用。梳理了近年来以废塑料为原料制备CNTs领域的相关文献,介绍了CNTs的生长机理,概述了塑料种类、催化剂及反应条件等因素对CNTs产率与品质的影响,并对废塑料热催化制备CNTs进行展望,以期为废塑料资源化利用提供理论参考。 相似文献
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采用原位热缩聚合成了含有碳纳米管的中间相炭微球,以KOH为活化剂,调整碱炭比和活化时间,制备了中间相炭微球/碳纳米管复合吸附材料,并通过甲基橙吸附试验和孔隙比表面积测试研究了复合材料的吸附性能,分析了碳纳米管对中间相炭微球吸附性能的影响。结果表明:复合吸附材料对甲基橙具有较好的吸附能力;添加一定比例的碳纳米管能够提高活性中间相炭微球的比表面积和吸附能力,当添加碳纳米管含量为10%时,其比表面积比纯中间相炭微球提高了14.7%,对甲基橙的吸附率超过了99.9%;吸附-脱附等温曲线表明复合吸附材料的等温线属于I型吸附等温线,该复合材料主要以微孔为主,并存在少量中孔。 相似文献
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碳纳米管修饰电极电催化还原去除废水中的氯霉素 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为发展废水中抗生素的处理技术、保护水环境质量,采用表面活性剂辅助分散碳纳米管,制备碳纳米管修饰电极,研究了修饰电极对氯霉素的电催化还原能力和动力学特征,初步探讨了氯霉素的还原去除机制.结果表明,双十六烷基磷酸(DHP)可以有效分散碳纳米管,通过优化碳纳米管和DHP的配比、分散液修饰量,制备的碳纳米管修饰电极还原2 mg·L~(-1)氯霉素24 h时的去除率达到97.21%;电催化还原氯霉素的动力学过程符合一级反应动力学模型,去除速率常数为0.157 4 h~(-1),半衰期为4.40 h.采用液相色谱-串联质谱分析法(LC-MS/MS)鉴定了氯霉素的还原产物,分析了氯霉素还原的可能途径,电催化不仅还原了氯霉素中的硝基,还可以进一步还原羰基和脱氯,显著降低氯霉素的毒性. 相似文献
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碳纳米管作为新型碳材料,具有独特的一维管状的微结构特性,使它具有优异的吸附性能,近几年受到研究者的高度重视。文章采用催化裂解法制备多壁碳纳米管,先经空气纯化,再以浓硝酸-浓硫酸氧化,将其用于处理水中难降解多氯代有机物-五氯苯酚。经透射电镜和比表面积分析表明,碳纳米管纯度高,孔隙均匀,内径为30nm左右,比表面积为150m2/g。考察碳纳米管对五氯苯酚的吸附性能和主要影响因素结果表明:碳纳米管对五氯苯酚吸附平衡时间为1h,是活性炭的1/10,吸附速率常数为0.0994min-1;吸附等温线符合Freundlich型;随着温度的升高,碳纳米管对五氯苯酚的吸附量减小;pH在4~10时随pH增加碳纳米管对五氯苯酚的吸附降低,pH大于10之后又上升,存在最低吸附量的pH值。 相似文献
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一维纳米结构是最吸引人的功能材料而被广泛关注.一维形态可以很容易地提高纳米结构的独特性能,使它们适合各种各样的应用程序,包括气体传感器、电致变色的设备、发光二极管、场发射器、超级电容器和纳米发电机.因此,目前已合成多种一维纳米结构形式的纳米棒、纳米线、纳米管、纳米带等.本文主要介绍了一维碳纳米管与金属氧化物的性质与研究现状,探讨两种材料的优缺点以期进行互补修饰合成新型复合材料. 相似文献
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TiO2 nanomaterial is promising with its high potential and outstanding performance in photocatalytic environmental applications, such as CO2 conversion, water treatment, and air quality control. For many of these applications, the particle size, crystal structure and phase,porosity, and surface area influence the activity of TiO2 dramatically. TiO2 nanomaterials with special structures and morphologies, such as nanospheres, nanowires, nanotubes, nanorods,and nanoflowers are thus synthesized due to their desired characteristics. With an emphasis on the different morphologies of TiO2 and the influence factors in the synthesis, this review summarizes fourteen TiO2 preparation methods, such as the sol–gel method, solvothermal method, and reverse micelle method. The TiO2 formation mechanisms, the advantages and disadvantages of the preparation methods, and the photocatalytic environmental application examples are proposed as well. 相似文献
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Hongxing Dai Hongxia Lin Jinmo Wu Fan Zhou Xiaolong Zhao Pengfei Lu Guanghui Sun Yuhan Song Yayun Li Xiaoyong Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):570-590
Semiconductor photocatalytic technology has shown great prospects in converting solar energy into chemical energy to mitigate energy crisis and solve environmental pollution problems. The key issue is the development of high-efficiency photocatalysts. Various strategies in the state-of-the-art advancements, such as heterostructure construction, heteroatom doping, metal/single atom loading, and defect engineering, have been presented for the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based nanocomposite catalysts to design their surface chemical environments and internal electronic structures to make them more suitable for different photocatalytic applications. In this review, nanoarchitecture design, synthesis methods, photochemical properties, potential photocatalytic applications, and related reaction mechanisms of the modified high-efficiency carbon nitride-based photocatalysts were briefly summarized. The superior photocatalytic performance was identified to be associated with the enhanced visible-light response, fast photoinduced electron-hole separation, efficient charge migration, and increased unsaturated active sites. Moreover, the further advance of the visible-light harvesting and solar-to-energy conversions are proposed. 相似文献
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The aggregation and dispersion behaviors of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can regulate the environmental spread and fate of CNTs, as
well as the organic pollutants adsorbed onto them. In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and single-walled carbon
nanotubes (SWNTs) were surface modified with humic acids from di erent sources and with surfactants of di erent ionic types. The
dispersion stability of surface modified CNTs was observed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The e ect of humic acid and surfactant
dispersion on the adsorption of atrazine by CNTs was investigated by batch equilibrium experiments. Both humic acid and surfactant
could e ectively disperse MWNTs, but not SWNTs, into stable suspensions under the studied conditions. Surface modified CNTs had
a greatly reduced capacity for adsorption of atrazine. The inhibitory e ect of peat humic acid was relatively stronger than that of soil
humic acid, but the two surfactants had a similar inhibitory e ect on atrazine adsorption by the two CNT types. Increases in surfactant
concentration resulted in rapid decreases in the adsorption of atrazine by CNTs when the surfactant concentration was less than 0.5
critical micelle concentration. 相似文献
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