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基于GIS的海湾陆源污染排海总量控制的空间优化分配方法研究——以大连湾为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
开发了基于GIS的海湾陆源污染排海总量控制的空间优化分配的方法 .并在“大连湾数据库”的支持下 ,以大连湾为例 ,研究了陆源污染排海总量控制的空间优化分配问题 .为环境空间优化决策提供依据 相似文献
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海湾资源开发的累积生态效应研究 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:11
通过相关性分析,筛选了地形地貌环境、水动力环境、水质和沉积质量环境、生物生态环境、景观环境等方面的累积效应以及对灾害的潜在诱发效应共六大类作为海湾资源开发累积生态效应的指示因子;然后以厦门海湾为例对各指示因子的累积效应深入分析;最后应用灰色评估模型对海湾常见资源开发类型的累积生态影响效应进行赋值评估。结果表明,六大类指示因子在时间和空间尺度上的累积效应与海湾资源的开发利用强度呈正相关关系;海湾资源开发利用的累积生态效应,在一定程度上改变了海湾资源与环境体系的结构,生物多样性降低,景观破碎,影响了自然海湾生态系统的生产力和生态服务功能,最终将影响沿海可持续发展能力。建议开发利用强度较大的海湾,借鉴生态城市的规划建设理念,布局合理的生态源、生态嵌块、生态廊道,防止资源开发利用不断加大而导致海域生态沙漠的出现。 相似文献
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本文基于2015年以来莱州湾海洋环境公开数据,系统地分析了莱州湾海域水质、富营养化分布特征及变化情况,并针对海湾环境污染问题提出建议。结果表明,2020年莱州湾海域水环境和富营养化状况有所改善,主要污染物无机氮的含量大幅降低,富营养化面积显著减少,渤海综合治理攻坚战环境综合治理工作取得阶段性成效;但小清河和黄河入海口附近污染依然严重,海湾水环境质量较2001年有所退化,主要表现为平均pH和溶解氧浓度小幅降低以及氮磷比失衡加剧;海湾生态系统处于亚健康状态,主要限制因素为生物密度波动较大,互花米草入侵亦对海湾生态环境健康状况造成负面影响。建议按照“陆海统筹、河海兼顾、协同共治”的治理思路,强化对污染物采取“源头控制、过程监管、末端治理”的综合防控措施,建立莱州湾污染物总量控制制度,科学核算总氮、氨氮等重点污染物的允许排放量,采用“削减排放”和“增加容量”相结合的方式,实现重点污染物有效防治,推动莱州湾区域生态环境质量持续改善。 相似文献
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Development and application of a two-dimensional water quality model for the
Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Water quality models are important tools to support the optimization of aquatic ecosystem rehabilitation programs and assess their efficiency. Basing on the flow conditions of the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake, China, two-dimensional water quality model was developed in the research. The hydrodynamics module was numerically solved by the alternating direction iteration (ADI) method. The parameters of the water quality module were obtained through the in situ experiments and the lab analyses that were conducted from 2006 to 2007. The model was calibrated and verified by the observation data in 2007. Among the four modelled key variables that were water level, CODcr, NH3-N and PO4-P, the minimum value of the coefficient of determination (CoD) was 0.69, which mean the model performed reasonably well. The developed model was then applied to simulate the water quality changes at the downstream cross-section assuming that the designed restoration programs were implemented. According to the simulated results, the restoration programs could cut down the loads of CODcr and PO4-P about 15%, however, they would have very little effect on the NH3-N removal. Besides, the water quality at the outlet cross-section would be still in class V (3838-02), indicating more measures should be taken to further reduce the loads. The study demonstrated the capability of water quality models to support aquatic ecosystem restorations. 相似文献
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We investigated the epilithic diatom assemblage of samples collected from three sites of the Hakata River, Fukuoka, Japan, on November 26, 2008. Each taxon was photographed and identified. The 1747 diatom frustules collected were classified into 33 taxa belonging to 17 genera. Nitzschia fonticola was abundant at all sites. The DAIpo (the diatom assemblage index to organic water pollution) values for sites 1, 2, and 3 were 50.2, 44.1 and 48.0, respectively, indicating that the water quality of the Hakata River was at β-mesosaprobic level. 相似文献
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An ecosystem-based understanding and analysis for SENCE toward sustainable development 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
IntroductionResearchershavebeenpayingmoreandmoreattentionstoecosystemtosupporttheresearchofsustainabledevelopment.Chinesescholarsfavortoexpandthescopeofecosystemfromitsnaturalnesstoitssociality ,fromlocaltoglobal,frommaterialtoabstract,etc .Infact,theatt… 相似文献
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深刻剖析近岸海域污染物的时空分布特征,精确识别各污染物来源,对改善海洋水环境质量和提升水环境功能具有重要意义。本研究以大亚湾海域为研究对象,结合超标倍数赋权法和空间集成分析技术,对海域表、底层水质进行综合评价;利用正定矩阵因子模型(PMF)识别区域污染源,解析各污染源对污染物的贡献率。结果表明:大亚湾表层水体以轻微污染为主,东南部存在轻度污染,西北部澳头海域存在中度污染,底层水体以轻度污染为主,西北部澳头海域存在重度污染;大亚湾表层水体主要污染源为生活污水(15%)、入海河流(15.5%)以及悬浮颗粒物(44.3%),底层水体主要污染源为悬浮颗粒物(40.6%)以及石化废水(37%)。本研究提出的基于空间集成分析和正定矩阵因子模型的海域污染特征解析框架能够准确地对海湾进行水质综合评价和污染源解析,可为大亚湾水环境保护和科学管理提供依据和参考。 相似文献
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由于淀山湖上游污染负荷以及周边污水的排放,淀山湖已经严重富营养化。通过建立淀山湖生态系统模型,基于大量现场实测数据,对生态系统模型进行率定和验证,并利用生态系统模型对淀山湖N,P营养盐时间变化规律和藻类生长演替进行了系统研究,对各污染负荷削减的富营养化控制方案的效果进行模拟。模拟结果显示:该生态模型较好地模拟了常规水质和藻类的动态变化;淀山湖污染负荷主要来自于上游负荷,削减上游负荷对水质改善效果明显好于其他污染源削减方案;削减上游负荷95%以上,才能有效抑制蓝藻水华;P对蓝藻生长的控制效果好于控制氮。 相似文献
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We propose a theoretical approach to evaluating the quality of large ecosystems under anthropogenic stress, and present a partial application of these ideas. We synthesized data from a variety of Chesapeake Bay monitoring programs into composite variables expressing ecosystem integrity. The analysis spanned most of the larger Maryland tributaries to the Bay (tidal fresh to mesohaline areas) for nine years (1986–1994). An index modeled on the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) and a multivariate ordination and ranking method combined information on aquatic plant, plankton, benthic and fish assemblages with water quality-based habitat goals. The multivariate method proved superior to the IBI approach in discriminating ecosystem integrity. A logistic regression model with watershed land use characteristics and water depth as independent variables explained a significant amount of variation in the multivariate rank index. Urban land use had the most negative effect on the index, whereas forested land had the most positive effect. 相似文献
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从二维浅水非固定流的控制方程和湖水稀释自净方程出发,建立了一个湖泊流体动力学模型.并根据天津于桥水库的实际情况,对该水库引水期和非引水期的水污染情况进行了模拟试验.试验结果表明,在设置水库初始质量浓度为零的情况下,引水期开始后,TN由果河入库处逐渐向库中心扩散.96h后基本上扩散到整个水库,随后出现稳定的分布状态.水库中出现一些高值中心与水库的基本形态和动力参数(如水库形状、边摩擦、底摩擦以及风应力等参数)有关;在非引水期,于桥水库的总磷、总氮等污染物的分布较引水期变化缓慢、简单,而且,污染物的含量相对较小.模拟的污染物分布结果与于桥水库的实际分布基本一致. 相似文献
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黄淮海平原主要土类中硝态氮水平运移规律 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:10
对黄淮海平源的主要土壤类型(黄潮土和风沙土)中硝态氮水平运移规律进行了研究。结果表明:硝态氮水平运移速率随供试示踪剂源的距离增加而迅速减小,其变化趋势呈幂函数关系。由于各土层的土壤性质不同,所以硝态氮的运移风线发生差异,但总的趋势是离示踪剂源20cm距离内,硝态氮的水平运移速率主要由硝态氮的浓度梯度和水势梯度控制,而在20cm以后趋于平稳,则主要由土壤的基质势起作用。硝态氮水平运移速率随土壤含水量的增大而升高,并呈指数曲线变化。硝态氮水平运移的浓度受非饱和土壤水扩散率的影响,并随非饱和土壤水扩散率的升高而呈对数曲线下降。 相似文献