石灰石/石膏湿法烟气脱硫装置的除尘性能

通过对国电太原第一热电厂16号50MW机组石灰石／石膏湿法烟气脱硫装置的除尘性能分析，研究脱硫装置的除尘机理，找出影响FGD除尘性能的主要因素，为烟气脱硫工程设计提供参考。     

国内FGD装置鳞片衬里防腐蚀失效原因初探

湿法烟气脱硫装置因其处理烟气量大、脱硫率高、运行周期长、运营成本适中,已成为国内外火电厂烟气脱硫的主导装置.但该装置腐蚀环境恶劣,防腐蚀是FGD装置中的一个重要环节,而作为一种普遍采用的鳞片衬里材料,在国内的一些应用案例中出现了一些防腐蚀失效以至失败的情况.就一些FGD装置防腐失效的情况进行分析和总结,找出其中的原因并提出对策,从而为后续烟气脱硫装置的防腐提供可靠的技术借鉴.     

我国大型火电机组FGD未来发展方向探讨

针对大型火电机组FGD未来发展方向,对我国近年来火电厂烟气脱硫标准及FGD技术发展进行了回顾、分析,结论是随着国家环保标准的不断提高,必须为大机组FGD设备裕度考虑一定的空间,火电厂FGD将向多元化发展,湿式烟气脱硫(WFGD)将向BOT模式、规范化和大型化发展.     

脱硫增效剂在湿法FGD系统的应用与比较

介绍了某电厂300 MW机组FGD装置在相同试验工况安排下分别使用三家公司提供的脱硫增效剂的试验情况,其脱硫率均有不同程度的提升,钙硫比显著降低,石膏浆液及石膏产品品质有所提高.说明使用脱硫增效剂后,在正常运行负荷范围内,不仅能优化系统参数,而且可以停一台浆液循环泵运行,降低系统电耗.     

环保文摘

新的消石灰工艺应用石灰作吸收剂的烟气脱硫(FGD)系统,需将石灰消化为氢氧化钙(镁)细粒。粒度愈细,脱硫效果愈好。目前应用最广的消石灰装置是球磨机,存在负荷调节性能问题,并且不宜间歇运行。近年出现了二种新的工艺:一、立式搅拌磨搅拌磨(见示意图)的立式     

干法烟气脱硫电除尘器进口喇叭的设计与应用

电除尘器进口喇叭的设计直接影响其气流均布。针对CFB—FGD干法烟气脱硫后的烟气特点，分析了处理脱硫后烟气的电除尘器进口喇叭设计，进行了气流分布试验，为高烟尘电除尘器进口喇叭的设计提供参考。     

嵩屿电厂烟气海水脱硫工艺及特点分析

介绍了厦门嵩屿电厂4×300 MW燃煤机组烟气海水脱硫系统所选用的工艺,分析了海水FGD系统的主要技术特点,为日益增多的同类型脱硫装置的工艺设计与设备选型提供一定的借鉴.     

连州电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统蒸汽再热器的设计和运行分析

详细介绍了广东省连州电厂石灰石／石膏湿法烟气脱硫（FGD）装置蒸汽再热器系统的流程，再热器结构，防腐措施等设计情况，同时对系统的运行状况进行了分析和讨论。     

湿法脱硫工艺结构材料的选择

通过对单回路、逆流、石灰石／石灰FGD系统腐蚀区域的分析，详细介绍了湿法脱硫工艺中影响材料性能的因素、材料选择步骤及其决策因素。     

湿壁塔烟气脱硫系统的研究

燃煤锅炉的烟气脱硫(FGD)技术，是当今世界上减少二氧化硫排放的主要技术措施。在FGD技术中石灰石-湿法烟气脱硫(WFGD)是占主导地位的方式方法。传统的石灰石湿脱硫通常采用气液逆流式、鼓泡式、气液冲击式、文丘里式等气液接触方式的系统，这些系统在运行中存在阻力较大，耗能高，易结垢或脱硫效果不理想等缺点。针对这种特点，我们设计了一种以管状或栅板为填料的并流式湿壁塔脱硫系统，研究结果表明，这种系统不仅具有较低的系统阻力，同时系统还拥有较高的脱硫率。     

催化氧化法处理含氨工业废气的应用探索

采用催化氧化工艺处理某化工厂的含氨工业废气,设计了一体式催化氧化脱氨设备,在物料与热量衡算的基础上,进行了脱氨性能测试和能耗分析。结果表明:工业化应用的一体式催化氧化设备在处理中浓度含氨废气时,可通过完善的可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)自动调节控制系统、高效的换热器以及智能化的前端补新风和阻火预处理装置,解决安全和能耗问题;该一体化设备具有很高的脱氨效率和经济性,处理后的废气满足GB 16297—1996《大气污染物综合排放标准》和GB 14554—1993《恶臭污染物排放标准》中的相关规定,应用前景较好。     

炼油厂IGCC电站NOx排放控制技术比较与工程实践

针对IGCC电站烟气排放ρ（NO_x）不达标的问题,分别采用燃气轮机注氮脱硝和余热锅炉（余热蒸汽发生器,HRSG ）SCR脱硝技术降低烟气的NO_x排放量。介绍了两种技术的原理,比较了两种技术的脱硝效果、运行成本及技术特点。实际运行结果表明：安装了注氮设备的燃气轮机可以控制排气的ρ（NO_x）小于90 mg/m³,但每年的运行成本较高（达2 250万元）;在余热锅炉中安装SCR脱硝设备,性能测试数据符合设计要求,SCR出口ρ（NO_x）小于50 mg/m³,且每年的运行成本较低,仅为422万元。     

湿法脱硫石膏脱水系统设备配置及优化

石膏脱水系统作为FGD的重要辅助系统,对于吸收塔运行指标、荣液条件、物料平衡、经济运行、副产物综合利用都有重要作用。介绍了湿法脱硫石膏一、二级脱水系统的流程和设备特点,着重分析研究了系统中一级脱水设备、皮带机冲洗系统、滤液水系统、废水旋流设备等的配置、选型和优化方案。     

Summary of Development and Field Testing of the Transrec Oil Recovery System

This paper summarizes the development, field testing and performance evaluation of the Transrec oil recovery system including the Framo NOFO Transrec 350 skimmer and multi-functional oil spill prevention and response equipment and presents performance data, not published before, from full-scale experimental oil spills in the North Sea from 1981 to 1990. The rare data provides useful information for evaluation of mechanical clean-up capabilities and efficiency, in particular, for responders who are using this equipment in many countries around the world.The development of the Transrec oil recovery system represents one of the most comprehensive efforts funded to date by the oil industry in Norway to improve marine and open ocean oil spill response capabilities. The need for improvements was based upon early practical user experience with different oil recovery systems, and test results from experimental oil spills in the North Sea.The result of the development efforts increased: (1) skimmer efficiency from approximately 15–75% (it reached 100% under favorable environmental conditions); (2) oil emulsion recovery rate from approximately 20–300 m³/h; (3) recovery system efficiency from approximately 15–85% in 1.5 m significant wave height; (4) oil emulsion thickness from approximately 15–35 cm; (5) weather-window for mechanical recovery operations from 1.5 to 3.0 m significant wave height; (6) capability for transfer of recovered oil residue to shuttle tankers in up to 4 m significant wave height and 45 knot winds; (7) capability for operations at night.The new Transrec oil recovery system with the special J-configuration virtually eliminated skimming operation downtime, and damage to booms and equipment failures that had been caused by oil spill response vessel (OSRV) problems with maintaining skimming position in the previous three-vessel oil recovery system with the boom towed in U-configuration. The time required to outfit OSRVs dropped from approximately 30–<1 h, reducing time from notification to operation on site by more than 24 h.Improvement in oil recovery resulted in the acceptance of a new oil spill preparedness and response plan. The new plan reduced the need for oil recovery systems from 21 to 14, towing vessels in preparedness from 42 to 18, and personnel on stand-by from 135 to 70, which subsequently reduced the total contingency and operational costs by almost 50%. These cost reductions resulted from lower contingency fees for personnel, fewer towing vessels on stand-by, less expensive open ocean training and exercises, less equipment and reduced storage space to lease, and simplified equipment maintenance.     

1000MW超超临界发电机组SCR脱硝系统性能测试试验

随着火电建设步伐的加快,单机容量1 000MW超超临界机组越来越多,其脱硝装置的正常投用对我国空气环境质量的提升有着重要意义,脱硝性能测试试验倍受关注。以浙江国华浙能发电有限公司1 000MW燃煤机组脱硝装置性能测试试验为例,对脱硝系统性能测试进行了试验研究。结果表明,除部分设备噪声超标外,其余指标均符合设计要求。对试验过程中应注意的问题进行了说明。     

Recycling-oriented characterization of small waste electrical and electronic equipment

As a result of the continuous change in the design and function of consumer electrical and electronic products, the mechanical and material properties of the obsolete products, called waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE), are highly variable. The variability within WEEE is explained by the number of different appliances, and the heterogeneity in composition of any given appliance.This paper reports on an extended investigation of the properties of WEEE, in particular small appliances. The investigation focuses on the analysis of the composition of about 700 single appliances. Firstly, analytical methods to characterize the waste equipment are described. The results of the experimental analyses show that the mechanical properties, the material composition, the polymer composition and the chemical composition of WEEE vary not only between equipment types with different functions, but also between single appliances within one equipment type. Data on hazardous and valuable substances in selected equipment types are presented.Using detailed data on the composition of individual appliances to calculate rates of recovery for assumed recycling processes demonstrates that the performance of recycling processes depends strongly on the composition of WEEE. Recycling-oriented characterization is, therefore, a systematic approach to support the design and the operation of recycling processes.     

The incineration research facility

The Cincinnati-based Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA operates the Incineration Research Facility (IRF) in Jefferson, Arkansas. This facility's pilot-scale experimental incineration systems include a Rotary Kiln System and a Liquid Injection System. Each system incorporates primary and secondary combustors and associated waste handling equipment, process controllers, safety equipment and air pollution control devices. These “state-of-practice” incinerators are fully permitted to test the entire range of RCRA hazardous wastes normally encountered in the hazardous waste treatment industry. This paper reports the principal features and capabilities of the IRF.     

石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫浆液氟化铝络合原因分析及对策

石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫装置运行过程中,浆液氟化铝络合会影响石灰石的溶解度。以某电厂125MW燃煤机组脱硫改造工程为例,分析脱硫装置吸收塔浆液出现氟化铝缝合物造成石灰石闭塞的原因。依据A l3＋、F-络合原理及组分变化规律,及时采取技术措施,消除了石灰石闭塞,恢复脱硫装置正常运行。     

固硫剂制备工艺探讨

探讨了循环流化床锅炉脱硫方法中固硫剂的制备工艺，对几种石灰石破碎设备及工艺进行了分析比较，通过柱磨机粉磨石灰石的工业试验，了解其产品粒度分布，从而择优确定固硫剂制备工艺流程。     

R&D Users Guide to the Ohmsett Oil Spill Response Test Facility

Ohmsett – the National Oil Spill Response Test Facility, is the world's largest tow/wave tank designed to evaluate the performance of equipment that detects, monitors and clears up oil spills under environmentally safe conditions. Ohmsett is the only facility capable of testing and training with oil, using full-scale response equipment.