含NaCl超细水雾抑制甲烷爆炸实验研究

为研究含NaCl添加剂超细水雾对甲烷爆炸的影响,在自制的半封闭透明管道内,进行含NaCl添加剂超细水雾抑制甲烷爆炸试验,通过检测和分析在不同NaCl浓度情况下超细水雾的粒径和甲烷爆炸的平均火焰传播速度、爆炸超压以及平均升压速率,探究NaCl浓度对超细水雾粒径及其对抑制甲烷爆炸有效性的影响。研究结果表明:NaCl浓度对超细水雾粒径影响较小;对于体积分数为9.5%的甲烷,相比于纯甲烷爆炸,其平均火焰传播速率、最大爆炸超压以及平均升压速率分别下降了53.7%,63.4%和60.7%,相比于超细纯水雾,其平均火焰传播速率、最大爆炸超压以及平均升压速率分别下降了38.6%,58%,56%;在通雾量相同的条件下,浓度为2.5%NaCl超细水雾对体积分数为9.5%的甲烷爆炸抑制性能最佳;含NaCl添加剂超细水雾的物理化学共同作用可以有效抑爆甲烷。     

氩气协同超细水雾抑制甲烷爆炸试验研究

为加强超细水雾对甲烷爆炸的抑制效果,搭建小尺寸半封闭甲烷爆炸试验平台,开展氩气协同超细水雾抑制甲烷爆炸试验。通过单因素和曲面优化试验,测试氩气、超细水雾以及两者的协同作用对甲烷爆炸的抑制效果;从火焰特性、最大爆炸超压和平均升压速率3个方面探究氩气和超细水雾协同抑爆的优越性。结果表明:氩气和超细水雾协同抑制甲烷爆炸效果显著;随着氩气体积分数和超细水雾喷雾量的增加,火焰冲出管道的时间逐渐延长,最大爆炸超压和平均升压速率逐渐降低;其中氩气体积分数10%、超细水雾喷雾量4.2 m L的工况抑制效果最佳;甲烷最大爆炸超压较氩气和超细水雾单独作用下分别下降6.15和2.68 k Pa,说明氩气和超细水雾抑止甲烷爆炸具有协同效应。     

超细水雾抑制甲烷爆炸的影响因素分析

为深入了解超细水雾对甲烷爆炸的抑制作用,搭建小尺寸半封闭可视化试验平台并开展试验,研究超细水雾喷施量、甲烷体积分数、通入甲烷位置和预混时间4个因素对甲烷与空气的混合物的爆炸的影响。结果表明:超细水雾能有效抑制甲烷爆炸,其中对9. 5%甲烷的抑制作用最明显;随着超细水雾喷施量的增大,抑制作用增强;甲烷体积分数对甲烷爆炸最大爆炸超压ΔP_(max)有显著影响,超细水雾喷施量对甲烷爆炸ΔP_(max)有一定影响;超细水雾喷施量对甲烷爆炸火焰传播时间有显著影响,甲烷体积分数对甲烷爆炸火焰传播时间有一定影响。     

超细水雾对管内丙烷爆炸火焰抑制效果的试验研究

利用自行研制的超细水雾抑制管内丙烷爆炸的小尺寸试验系统,研究超细水雾抑制管内丙烷爆炸的有效性.试验采用0.6m×0.09m的圆柱形透明玻璃管,研究体积分数为2.7％～3.7％的丙烷/空气预混气体在0～2 mL超细水雾作用下的爆炸火焰传播特性,测定超细水雾作用下丙烷爆炸下限及火焰传播速度的变化规律,探讨超细水雾对管内丙烷爆炸火焰的抑制机理及效果.结果表明:超细水雾可显著提高丙烷的爆炸下限,降低丙烷爆炸的危险性;超细水雾可有效抑制丙烷爆炸的传播速度,且随超细水雾添加量增大,传播速度不断降低;根据抑制率计算结果,在贫燃料情况下,超细水雾对丙烷爆炸的抑制效果随雾量增大和体积分数降低而增强.     

CO2-超细水雾对瓦斯/煤尘爆炸抑制特性研究

为了解CO2-超细水雾对瓦斯/煤尘爆炸抑制特性,用自行搭建的实验系统,从超压、火焰传播速度和火焰结构3个方面研究了CO2-超细水雾形成的气液两相介质对9.5%瓦斯/煤尘复合体系爆炸的抑爆效果、影响因素与原因。研究结果表明:随着CO2体积分数和超细水雾质量浓度的增加,爆炸火焰最大传播速度、爆炸超压峰值均出现明显下降,火焰到达泄爆口时间显著延迟;尤其当CO2体积分数达到14%与超细水雾的共同抑爆效果凸显,瓦斯/煤尘复合体系爆炸超压的“震荡平台”消失,同时火焰结构呈现“整体孔隙化”。所得结论为煤矿井下高效防爆抑爆技术进行了完善和增强。     

甲烷爆炸过程的近球型爆炸罐定量实验研究

甲烷爆炸是矿井生产中的重大灾害。通过20L密封的球形爆炸罐,实验测试了体积百分比浓度为6%~9%的甲烷爆炸过程中罐内压力的变化,建立了据实验结果计算爆炸过程温度、转化率及各组分浓度等重要参数的数学模型,实现爆炸过程定量研究。研究表明,实验浓度范围内,甲烷初始浓度越大,爆炸最高温度越高,达到最高温度点和终止反应的时间越短,反应最高转化率越大,反应越剧烈。甲烷初始浓度为6%和7%时,爆炸温度变化率和甲烷转化率变化率曲线各出现两个明显的峰,随着甲烷初始浓度升高,第一个峰高度增大,第二个峰高度降低,到甲烷浓度9%时仅剩第一个峰。理论分析认为,第一个峰是自由基链反应、第二个峰值则主要是热着火的结果。本研究对瓦斯爆炸危害评估及预防有重要的作用。     

超细水雾抑制煤燃烧的模拟实验研究

为了研究超细水雾对煤燃烧的抑制效果,基于小尺寸空间抑制燃烧实验平台,研究了超细水雾对煤燃烧的抑制效果,计算在超细水雾作用下实验空间内部氧气、二氧化碳、一氧化碳体积分数的变化情况以及燃烧空间内不同部位的温度变化情况,并且与煤自由燃烧的情况做对比。研究表明超细水雾对煤燃烧的火灾发展过程有很好的抑制作用。研究结论对超细水雾应用于熄灭矿井煤炭火灾具有一定的指导意义     

含菌-无机盐超细水雾抑制甲烷爆炸试验研究

为进一步提高超细水雾抑制甲烷爆炸的效率,搭建抑制甲烷爆炸试验平台,开展用含甲烷氧化菌-无机盐超细水雾降解与抑爆甲烷的试验研究,考虑降解时间、第1次通雾量、第2次通雾量等3个因素进行正交试验,分析不同试验条件下甲烷爆炸压力和火焰传播过程。结果表明:改性培养基中的甲烷氧化菌降解甲烷效果优于普通培养基;降解时间对甲烷最大爆炸超压ΔP_(max)有显著影响,第2次通雾量对甲烷最大爆炸超压ΔP_(max)有一定影响;降解时间对火焰平均传播速度有显著影响,第2次通雾量对火焰平均传播速度有一定影响;同时增加降解时间和第2次通雾量可以降低平均升压速率和火焰平均传播速度。     

含添加剂细水雾抑制瓦斯爆炸有效性试验研究

为进一步提高细水雾的抑爆灭火效能,在建立细水雾抑爆系统试验平台的基础上,选用MgCl2、FeCl2和NaHCO3这3种添加剂,研究细水雾对瓦斯爆炸火焰的抑制效果.结果表明:使用含添加剂细水雾后,体积分数为9.5％的瓦斯的爆炸传播速度从13.8 m/s至少降到2.75 m/s;水雾区火焰长度最多缩短了242 mm;含0.8％FeCl2的细水雾有效性系数为6,有效性最高;从火焰图片剖面像素分布可以看出,火焰的辐射体温度均出现了不同程度的降低.不同添加剂不同程度地提高了细水雾的灭火效能,对瓦斯体积分数接近化学当量比的火焰传播有明显抑制效果.     

细水雾技术在抑制瓦斯爆炸中的应用

介绍了细水雾抑制瓦斯爆炸的机理以及部分应用细水雾对瓦斯爆炸效果影响的实验,提出了采用细水雾方法抑制瓦斯爆炸有可能为瓦斯防治领域开辟新的途径.     

Experimental study on the mitigation via an ultra-fine water mist of methane/coal dust mixture explosions in the presence of obstacles

In this paper, experimental investigations were performed for the mitigation via an ultra-fine water mist of methane/coal dust mixture explosions in the presence of obstacles to reveal the effects of the obstacles in this scenario. Two PCB piezo-electronic pressure transducers were used to acquire the pressure history, a Fastcam Ultima APX high-speed video camera was used to visualize both the process of the mixture explosion and its mitigation. The diameters of the coal dust, the types of obstacles and the volumes of ultra-fine water mist were varied in the tests. The parameters of the explosion overpressure and the range of critical volume flux of the ultra-fine water mist for explosion mitigation were determined. The results show that the mixture explosion and its mitigation are primarily influenced by the number, shape and set locations of the obstacles. When the volume flux of the water mist is larger than a certain amount, the mixture explosions and the effects of obstacles can be completely mitigated with the ultra-fine water mist.     

Enhancement effects of methane/air explosion caused by water spraying in a sealed vessel

Experiments about the influence of ultrafine water mist on the methane/air explosion were carried out in a fully sealed visual vessel with methane concentrations of 8%, 9.5%, 11% and 12.5%. Water mists were generated by two nozzles and the droplets' Sauter Mean Diameters (SMD) were 28.2 μm and 43.3 μm respectively which were measured by Phase Doppler Particle Anemometer (PDPA). A high speed camera was used to record the flame propagation processes. The results show that the maximum explosion overpressure, pressure rising rate and flame propagation velocity of methane explosions in various concentrations increased significantly after spraying. Furthermore, the brightness of explosion flame got much higher after spraying. Besides, the mist with a larger diameter had a stronger turbulent effect and could lead to a more violent explosion reaction.     

The influence of the charge-to-mass ratio of the charged water mist on a methane explosion

To study the influence of the charge-to-mass ratio of a charged water mist on a methane explosion, the induction charging method was used to induce charge on a normal water mist; a mesh target method was employed to test the charge-to-mass ratio of its droplets. The propagation images, propagation average velocities, and overpressures of a methane explosion suppressed by charged water mist were analysed. The influence of the charge-to-mass ratio of the suppressant water mist on a methane explosion was studied. Results show that the explosion temperature, propagation average velocity, and peak overpressure deceased more obviously with charged water mist than ordinary water mist. With increasing charge-to-mass ratio, the suppression effect of the charged water mist underwent a significant increase. Under experimental conditions, compared with ordinary water mist, when the charge-to-mass ratio was 0.445 mC/kg and the mist flux was 4 L, the minimum flame propagation average velocity was 3.456 m/s, with a drop of 2.37 m/s (40.68%), and the peak overpressure of the methane explosion was 10.892 kPa, with a drop of 10.798 kPa (49.78%). The suppression effect is considered from the changes of the physico-chemical properties of the water mist as affected by the applied charge-to-mass ratio.     

Experimental study on the synergistic inhibition effect of nitrogen and ultrafine water mist on gas explosion in a vented duct

In this study, in order to research the synergistic inhibition effect of nitrogen and ultrafine water mist on gas explosion in a vented duct, a semi-confined transparent chamber was designed with the size of 120 × 120 × 840 mm, and the experiments were carried out with stoichiometric methane/air premixed mixture (fraction of methane: 9.5%), adding different fractions of nitrogen and ultrafine water mist. The experimental results showed the following: The combination of nitrogen and ultrafine water mist had a synergistic inhibiting effect on methane/air explosion, which was preferable to the single use of any kind. With the increase of spraying time of water mist and fraction of nitrogen, the initial shape of the explosion flame became snakelike, and at the same time the peak flame propagation speed and peak overpressure decreased significantly. When the nitrogen fraction was increased to 10% and the mist spraying time was increased to 2min, synergistic inhibiting effect on overpressure was high efficient. However, with the increase of spraying time of water mist and fraction of nitrogen going on, the amount of increase of explosion inhibition efficiency was gradually reduced.     

Experimental research on methane/air explosion inhibition using ultrafine water mist containing methane oxidizing bacteria

In order to deeply understand the inhibitory effect of ultrafine water mist containing methane-oxidizing bacteria on methane explosion, a small-sized semi-closed visual experimental platform was built. Five different application mist amounts (0.7 mL, 2.1 mL, 3.5 mL, 4.9 mL, 6.3 mL) of ultrafine water mist containing methane-oxidizing bacteria on 9.5% methane explosion were studied experimentally. Ultrafine water mist was generated by the ultrasonic atomization generator, and mist size was measured by a winner319 laser particle size analyzer. During the methane explosion, a high-frequency pressure sensor collected pressure change data, and a high-speed camera recorded the flame development process. The results indicated that the maximum explosion overpressure (ΔP_max) decreased with time, and the arrival time of the maximum explosion overpressure (ΔP_max) delayed. The appearance time of the “tulip” shaped flame delayed, and the flame propagation speed decreased. The ultrafine water mist and deposition can effectively inhibit the methane explosion. The explosion suppression effect of the second step spraying water mist was better. The improvement of the explosion suppression effect of the ultrafine water mist containing methane-oxidizing bacteria was attributed to the degradation effect of the methane-oxidizing bacteria. Under long-term degradation, methane-oxidizing bacteria in water mist play a role in inhibiting methane explosion.     

Experimental study on CO2/CF3I suppression of methane-air explosion and flame propagation

To explore the inhibitory effects of CF₃I and CO₂ gas on the explosion pressure and flame propagation characteristics of 9.5% methane, a spherical 20 L experimental explosion device was used to study the effect of the gas explosion suppressants on the maximum explosion pressure, maximum explosion pressure rise rate and flame propagation speed of methane. The results indicated that with a gradual increase in the volume fraction of the gas explosion suppressant, the maximum explosion pressure of methane and maximum explosion pressure rise rate gradually decreased, and the time taken to reach the maximum explosion pressure and maximum explosion pressure rise rate was gradually delayed. At the same time, the flame propagation speed gradually decreased. Additionally, the time taken for the flame to reach the edge of the window and the time taken for a crack as well as a cellular structure to appear on the flame surface was gradually delayed. The fluid dynamics uncertainty was suppressed. The explosion pressure and flame propagation processes were markedly suppressed, but the flame buoyancy instability was gradually enhanced. By comparing the effects of the two gas explosion suppressants on the pressure and flame propagation characteristics, it was found that at the same volume fraction, trifluoroiodomethane was significantly better than carbon dioxide in suppressing the explosion of methane. By comparing the reduction rates of the characteristic methane explosion parameters at a volume fraction of 9.5%, it was observed that the inhibitory effect of 4% trifluoroiodomethane on the maximum explosion pressure was approximately 4.6 times that of the same amount of carbon dioxide, and the inhibitory effect of 4% trifluoroiodomethane on the maximum explosion pressure rise rate and flame propagation speed was approximately 2.7 times that of the same amount of carbon dioxide. The addition of 0.5%–1.5% trifluoromethane to 4% and 8% carbon dioxide can improve the explosion suppression efficiency of carbon dioxide. This enhancing phenomenon is a comprehensive manifestation of the oxygen-decreasing effect of carbon dioxide and the trifluoroiodomethane-related endothermic effect and reduction in key free radicals.     

Experimental study on the feasibility of explosion suppression by vacuum chambers

In view of the invalidity of suppression and isolation apparatus for gas explosion, a closed vacuum chamber structure for explosion suppression with a fragile plane was designed on the base of the suction of vacuum. Using methane as combustible gas, a series of experiments on gas explosion were carried out to check the feasibility of the vacuum chamber suppressing explosion by changing methane concentration and geometric structure of the vacuum chamber. When the vacuum chamber was not connected to the tunnel, detonation would happen in the tunnel at methane volume fraction from 9.3% to 11.5%, with flame propagation velocity exceeding 2000 m/s, maximum peak value overpressure reaching 0.7 MPa, and specific impulse of shock wave running up to 20 kPa s. When the vacuum chamber with 5/34 of the tunnel volume was connected to the flank of the tunnel, gas explosion of the same concentration would greatly weaken with flame propagation velocity declining to about 200 m/s, the quenching distance decreasing to 3/4 of the tunnel length, maximum peak value overpressure running down to 0.1-0.15 MPa and specific impulse of shock wave below 0.9 kPa s. The closer the position accessed to the ignition end, the greater explosion intensity weakened. There was no significant difference between larger section and smaller vacuum chambers in degree of maximum peak value overpressure and specific impulse declining, except that quenching fire effect of the former was superior to the latter. The distance of fire quenching could be improved by increasing the number of the vacuum chambers.