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贵阳电厂位于贵阳市区的西南面,距市中心约5公里。装机容量175MW,3台25MW机组共用一座80(Φ5)米烟囱,采用水膜除尘器,除尘效率均在80%左右。两台50Mw机组共用一座100(Φ4.5)米烟囱,采用文丘里水膜除尘器,除尘效率分 相似文献
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旋风除尘器的性能及改进方案 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了旋风除尘器内部流场和除尘机理。针对旋风除尘器除尘效率问题分析、总结了现有的改进方法,指出了存在的不足,并结合前人的改进思路提出了新的改进方案,以提高旋风除尘器的分离效率,为进一步挖掘旋风除尘器的潜在性能开辟新的思路。 相似文献
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元宝山发电有限责任公司2号600 MW机组配套电除尘器由于设计效率低、燃烧煤种变化、设备老化等多方面原因,除尘效率下降,除尘器出口烟尘排放浓度超标严重。为了满足新的《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》的要求,对元宝山发电有限责任公司2号机组配套电除尘器进行升级改造,将原有的4台四电场静电除尘器增效改造为4台电袋复合式除尘器。通过电除尘器的改造,降低了除尘器出口粉尘排放浓度,提高了除尘效率,保证了2号机组电除尘器的安全稳定运行。 相似文献
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移动电极静电除尘器通过清灰刷除掉阳极板上收集的粉尘,阳极系统为移动电极(即作回转运动的集尘极)阳极板呈带条状,固定在链条上,随链轮转动。移动电极静电除尘器有效克服了困扰常规电除尘器对高比电阻粉尘的反电晕及振打二次扬尘等问题,大幅度提高了除尘效率。提供常规固定电极除尘区与移动电极除尘区联合使用的除尘器除尘效率计算公式。 相似文献
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内蒙古锡林浩特热电有限责任公司将原铸铁多管除尘器改造为陶瓷多管除尘器,并对陶瓷管的布置方式和数量进行合理设计,提高了多管除尘器的除尘效率,同时,在陶瓷多管除尘器出口串联1台60m^2的1室2电场静电除尘器,组合成复合式静电多管除尘器。运行结果表明,此改造不仅解决了原除尘器存在的诸多问题,还节省了大量资金。 相似文献
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2000年全国大气总悬浮微粒物要求达到环境标准,目前仍大量使用的旋风除尘器需要通过技术改造提高其除尘效率和运行可靠性,以满足环保要求,开发改造现有旋风除尘器的实用技术是一项有现实意义的工作,作者根据自己以静电凝并技术的实验室研究结果,提出了利用这一技术改造现有旋风除尘器的设想,并在徐州贾汪发电厂建立了半工业性试验系统,平均处理烟气量为10000m^3/h,原除尘效率为76~80%,经改造后提高到9 相似文献
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Concentrations and total quantity of cadmium (Cd), cupper (Cu),lead (Pb) and zink (Zn) were determined in biomass and soil compartments in a replicated tree species experiment with 27-yr-old stands growing on former farmland in N.E. Sweden. Sequentialextractions of soil samples were performed in order to estimate the exchangeable and an organically bound fraction of each element. The tree species included were Picea abies (L.)H. Karst., Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus contorta Dougl., Larix sibirica Ledeb., and Betula pendula Roth.Tree species influenced the rate of removal of Cu, Pb and Zn incase of stemwood harvesting, and of Cd, Cu and Zn in the case ofwhole-tree harvesting. B. pendula and P. abies had higher quantities and average concentrations of Zn in the biomass. For all species, >50% of the Zn in the stems was found in the bark. P. abies and L. sibirica had higher quantities of Cu in the biomass than the other species.P. abies and P. contorta had high quantities of Cd inthe biomass in relation to the other species. Branches and stembark contained high concentrations of Cd and Pb in relation to foliage and stemwood. Dead branches had especially high concentrations of Pb. The high accumulation rate of Zn in thebiomass of B. pendula was related to a low exchangeable amount of Zn in the A horizon. In the superficial centimeters ofthe A horizon, a depletion similar to that found for Zn was detected for Cu, whereas for Cd and Pb, no correlations were found between quantities of elements in the trees and element pools in the soil. 相似文献
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George Ice Liz Dent Josh Robben Pete Cafferata Jeff Light Brian Sugden Terry Cundy 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(1):143-169
The major forest nonpoint source control programs in the West are largely regulatory, either under forest practices acts (California, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington) or a streamside management act (Montana). These programs and the specific rules they enforce continue to undergo intensive scrutiny. Still, the questions are the same for these regulatory programs as for states that base nonpoint source control on voluntary BMPs (Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming). Are the rules or BMPs being applied, and are they effective in reducing nonpoint source pollution to levels that protect beneficial uses of water? The level of debate about forestry in the West has resulted in detailed monitoring and research to answer these questions. In the past, state agencies have assumed levels of BMP compliance based on the percent of operations without enforcement actions. These estimates are being replaced by statistically valid and reproducible monitoring of forest practices rules and BMP compliance levels. BMP effectiveness is being assessed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. This can involve field assessments, process-based research, and control watershed studies. Some trend monitoring is also beginning. With the regional implementation rate for forestry BMPs at about 94% and rising, it is likely that effectiveness testing will continue to be a priority and consume the majority of assessment resources for this region. 相似文献
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Hysteresis in Reversal of Central European Mountain Lakes from Atmospheric Acidification 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kopáček Jiří StuchlÍk Evžen Veselý Josef Schaumburg Jochen Anderson Iris C. Fott Jan Hejzlar Josef Vrba Jaroslav 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(2):91-114
Extremely high emissions of S and N compounds in Central Europe (both 280 mmol m-2 yr-1) declined by 70and 35%, respectively, during the last decade. Decreaseddeposition rates of SO4
-2, NO3
-, and NH4
+ in the region paralleled emission declines. The reduction in atmospheric inputs of S and N to mountain ecosystemshas resulted in a pronounced reversal of acidification in the Tatra Mountains and Bohemian Forest lakes. Between the 1987–1990and 1997–1999 periods, concentrations of SO4
-2 and NO3
- decreased (average ± standard deviation) by 22±7 and 12±7 mol L-1, respectively, in theTatra Mountains, and by 19±7 and 15±10 mol L-1, respectively, in the Bohemian Forest. Their decrease was compensated in part (1) by a decrease in Ca2+ + Mg2+ (17±7 mol L-1) and H+ (4±6 mol L-1), and an increase in HCO3
-(10±10 mol L-1) in the Tatra Mountains lakes, and (2) by a decrease in Al (7±4 mol L-1), Ca2+ + Mg2+ (9±6 mol L-1), and H+ (6±5 mol L-1), in Bohemian Forest lakes. Despite the rapid decline in lake water concentrations of SO4
-2 and NO3
- in response to reduced S and N emissions, their present concentrations in some lakes are higher than predictionsbased on observed concentrations at comparable emission rates during development of acidification. This hysteresis in chemical reversal from acidification has delayed biological recovery of the lakes. The only unequivocal sign of biological recovery hasbeen observed in erné Lake (Bohemian Forest) where a cladoceran species Ceriodaphnia quadrangular has recentlyreached its pre-acidification abundance. 相似文献
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Stuchlík E. Appleby P. Bitušík P. Curtis C. Fott J. Kopáček J. Pražáková M. Rose N. Strunecký O. Wright R. F. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(2):127-138
Starolesnianske pleso is a small and shallow acid lake in the High Tatra Mountains, situated at 2000 m above sea level, on granitic bedrock, with sparse and thin soil cover. When detailed measurements began in the 1980s Starolesnianske pleso had pH below 5 and only one species of cladoceran zooplankton, the ubiquitous Chydorus sphaericusPalaeolimnological investigations show changes in cladoceran zooplankton and chironomid zoobenthic assemblages since about 1920 and a major change in 1970–1980. The dynamic acidification model MAGIC was used to reconstruct changes in water chemistry over the past 150 years. The results from MAGIC agree well with the sediment record; pH levels gradually decreased from 6.5 in the mid-1800s to about 5.6 in 1920 (first response in biota) to below 5.0 by 1970, and concentrations of inorganic aluminium rose dramatically beginning about 1960. In the 1990s the lake water chemistry showed clear signs of reversal in acidification brought about by a major decline in S deposition. 相似文献
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The removal of a mixture of heavy (toxic) metal cations (copper, nickeland zinc) from liquid effluents was investigated in this study at pilotscale, using counter-current contact mode. The innovative processinvolved the abstraction of metal ions onto fungal biosorbents, followedby the application of flotation for the subsequent solid/liquid separationof biomass particles. The ability of microorganisms to remove metal ionsfrom aqueous solutions is a well-known phenomenon. Nevertheless,engineering considerations are very important in decisions, concerningthe commercial future of biosorption and practical solutions are neededfor certain problems, such as the efficient post-separation ofmetal-loaded biomass. The two processes (flotation and biosorption) caneffectively operate in combination, in what it was termed biosorptiveflotation process. The sorbents may be recycled, after appropriate elutionof metals, as well as the treated (clean) water. 相似文献
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C. L. Swanson R. L. Shogren G. F. Fanta S. H. Imam 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1993,1(2):155-166
Recent starch-plastic research at the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research is reviewed and related worldwide efforts are noted. Properties of starch that influence its formulation and performance in plastics are discussed. Methods are given for preparation of starch-poly(methyl acrylate) graft copolymer, starch-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid), and starch-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid)-polyethylene plastics. Their physical properties are discussed, as is degradability by enzymes or amylolytic organisms from soil, ponds, and streams.The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. 相似文献
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Application of Cellulose Microfibrils in Polymer Nanocomposites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cellulose microfibrils obtained by the acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibers were added at low concentrations (2–10% w/w) to polymer gels and films as reinforcing agents. Significant changes in mechanical properties, especially maximum load and tensile strength, were obtained for fibrils derived from several cellulosic sources, including cotton, softwood, and bacterial cellulose. For extruded starch plastics, the addition of cotton-derived microfibrils at 10.3% (w/w) concentration increased Young’s modulus by 5-fold relative to a control sample with no cellulose reinforcement. Preliminary data suggests that shear alignment significantly improves tensile strength. Addition of microfibrils does not always change mechanical properties in a predictable direction. Whereas tensile strength and modulus were shown to increase during addition of microfibrils to an extruded starch thermoplastic and a cast latex film, these parameters decreased when microfibrils were added to a starch–pectin blend, implying that complex interactions are involved in the application of these reinforcing agents. 相似文献
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Nyberg Lars Lundström Ulla Söderberg Ulf Danielsson Rolf van Hees Patrick 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2001,1(1-2):241-263
In 1994, a large survey of soil chemistry was undertaken in thecounty of Värmland in central Sweden (Lundström et al., 1998).The southern part of the county was affected by soilacidification whereas there were no such indications in thenorthern part. To investigate the influence of soil chemistryon the trees at the specific sites, the survey was continued byan analysis of needle chemistry (Norway spruce) which wasundertaken at 150 of the 180 sites, and of tree growth at 65 ofthe 180 sites. Growth was expressed as a ratio between expectedgrowth, estimated with a national, empirical growth model, andthe growth observed in the field. In statistical analyses,using rank correlation, PCA and PLS, there were only weakindications of an influence of soil chemistry on needlechemistry and on tree growth. A moderate correlation betweennitrogen and sulphur in needles was found, which wasinterpreted as an effect of deposition and of processes in thetree canopy. No obvious regional pattern of the growth ratiowas found, in contrast to the clear pattern of soilacidification. The statistical analysis could not with anycertainty point out any of the soil chemistry variables asespecially important for the tree growth ratio. 相似文献
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Bioassessment of silvicultural impacts in streams and wetlands of the Eastern United States 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John J. Hutchens Jr. Darold P. Batzer Elizabeth Reese 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(1):37-53
Bioassessment is a useful tool to determine the impact of logging practices on the biological integrity of streams and wetlands. Measuring biota directly has an intuitive appeal for impact assessment, and biota can be superior indicators to physical or chemical characteristics because they can reflect cumulative impacts over time. Logging can affect stream and wetland biota by increasing sedimentation rates, altering hydrologic, thermal, and chemical regimes, and changing the base of food webs. Biotic impacts of logging on streams compared to wetlands probably differ, and in this paper we review some of those differences. In streams, invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, algae, and macrophytes have been used as indicators of logging impacts. In wetlands, bioassessment is just beginning to be used, and plants and birds are the most promising indicator taxa. Various best management practices (BMPs) have been developed to reduce the impacts of logging on stream and wetland biota, and we review quantitative studies that have evaluated the efficacy of some of these techniques in streams and wetlands in the eastern United States. Remarkably few studies that address the overall efficacy of BMPs in limiting biotic changes in streams and wetlands after BMP implementation have been published in scientific journals, although some work exists in reports or is unpublished. We review these works, and compile conclusions about BMP efficacy for biota from this body of research. 相似文献