曝气生物滤池处理H2S恶臭气体的试验

利用污水处理中曝气生物滤池进行脱除H2 S恶臭气体的试验研究,为以后进行工业放大实现水、气污染同时处理提供理论基础及优化的参数。研究表明,生物滤池具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,能够在较宽的容积负荷范围内运行,滤池的最佳停留时间在4 6～70s的范围内,进水量和pH值的变化对生物滤池的脱臭效能影响不大,在整个运行期间生物滤池处理H2 S的最大容积负荷为14 6 2g/ (m3 ·d) ,此时H2 S的去除率可达94 %以上     

不同生物脱臭填料生物膜成长特性

用活性炭、浮石、陶粒和瓷环分别作为生物滴滤填料进行去除N2S恶臭气体的对比研究。活性炭和浮石对高效脱臭菌有强的吸附和固定作用，挂膜时间短，生物含量高而陶粒和瓷环固定期长，成膜较晚。在循环液流量为24L／h，气流量为0．5m^3／h，进气浓度在500mg／m^3的条件下，活性炭、浮石、陶粒和瓷环的成熟生物膜对H2S的去除率分别为99％、98％、95％和93％，从成膜到发生严重堵塞的生物增量的最大值分别是19．7、70．5、68．9、90．3mg／cm^3。试验对比结果表明，多孔浮石是优质的生物滴滤填料。     

气动厌氧流化床处理高浓度有机废水的研究

本文针对目前厌氧流化床研究中存在的一些问题,首次采用气动厌氧流化床处理高浓度有机废水,并就有机物去除的数学模式以及影响因素作了探讨。当载体选用经过强化处理的固定化微生物颗粒时,试验结果表明,对进水COD浓度为10,000mg/L左右的人工污水,当容积负荷为20kgCOD/m~3·d时,COD去除率可达85％,进而确定在温度、水力停留时间、进水COD浓度、容积负荷四个因素中,温度对COD去除率影响最大,容积负荷影响最小。     

硝酸盐生物氧化沼气硫化氢及微生物群落结构

沼气中的硫化氢(H2S)是一种具有腐蚀性的有毒气体,因此在使用前必须对沼气进行人工脱硫处理.以硝酸盐作为电子受体,设置两个反应器研究在不同沼气进气速率下微生物对H2S去除能力的影响,并分析厌氧污泥的菌群结构和关键微生物种群类型.结果表明在接种污泥的反应器A中,在低进气H2S负荷下,即沼气流速为0.5 L/min时,H2S的去除率在96%以上;在高进气H2S负荷下,即沼气流速为2 L/min、3 L/min和4 L/min时,H2S去除率在20%-35%之间.即随着沼气流速加快,气体停留时间缩短,H2S去除率逐渐下降.未接种污泥的反应器B前6 d H2S去除率逐渐升高,6 d后去除率逐渐下降.厌氧污泥中的微生物生化作用对H2S的去除率有显著影响.微生物群落结构分析结果表明,在反应器运行过程中污泥的微生物种类变化较小.厌氧污泥中微生物群落的优势门是变形菌门(Proteobacteria),优势属是硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus).Sulfurimonas在微生物群落中的相对丰度变化与H2S去除率的变化呈显著正相关.故Sulfurimonas可能是本反应系统中的主要脱氮脱硫菌.     

UASB反应器高温处理酒精废液的研究

在θ＝53±1℃条件下，采用UASB用1mo培养出颗粒污泥,到运行结束时，污泥ρ（TS）为65·0g·L－1，SVI为14．0，Umax（CH4）为603．9mL·g－1·d－1，对颗粒污泥微生物类群数量和微观结构的分析表明，颗粒污泥具有活性和结构上的高效性；反映在处理效果上，使UASB具有高效稳定的运行结果：当t（HRT）24．0～18．4h，容积负荷大于20g·L－1·d－1时，甲烷含量约60％，COD去除率约91％，出水ρ（COD）1400～2000mg·L－1，厌氧生物降解的产能和治污效果良好     

固定化生物活性炭处理低浓度甲醇废水

将分离筛选得到的甲醇降解菌固定在颗粒活性炭上,组成固定化生物活性炭反应系统,研究该反应系统处理轻度污染含甲醇废水的最佳运行条件和运行效果,结果表明,固定化生物活性炭处理轻度污染含甲醇放心水的方法明显好于3种树脂和单纯活性炭吸附处理,反应系统的最佳运行条件是水力负荷0．84－0．77m^3(m^2.h）,停留时间57－62min,pH7－8,温度20℃－30℃,溶解氧是去除甲醇的主要限制因子,甲醇含量为11．3－23．1mg／L时,去除率大90％,出水CODcr小于12mg／L。此外还研究了生物活性炭生物膜的一些特点,并分析了运行中活性炭吸附性能的变化。     

UASB反应器处理味精生产废水的研究

用厌氧颗粒污泥接种的UASB反应器经驯化后,仅一个月处理味精生产废水容积负荷,由1.87kg COD/m~3·d提高到18.9kg COD/m~3·d,进料浓度COD4500—5000mg/L,去除率约80％,产气正常,抗负荷变化性能良好。 反应器工艺设计参数:进料浓度COD 5000mg/L,容积负荷10—15kg COD/m~3·d,去除率80％,操作温度38±1℃。提出了处理味精生产废水的整个工艺流程和有待进一步试验解决的问题。     

黄浦江支流富营养化原水的生物膜修复技术试验研究

采用气升式内循环蜂窝陶瓷反应器（IAL-CHS）对受污染黄浦江支流进行生物修复,反应器采用自然挂膜法低温启动挂膜,第9天就完成挂膜。经过5个月的运行,在HRT为1.03 h时,反应器对氨氮去除率达到84.8%～99.2%,水力负荷可达到33.68 m^3/（m^2·d）,氨氮容积负荷达到0.60 kg/（m^3·d）,氨氮去除速率能达到0.53 kg/（m^3·d）。对NO2--N、TP、CODCr、TOC、UV254、浊度的去除率分别为40.7%～69.9%、9.26%～27.1%、8.22%～41.1%、9.49%～29.8%、11.4%～19.5%、27.0%～62.8%。微生物镜检表明此反应器生物相丰富,生物量大。     

序批式生物膜法同步除磷脱氮特性研究

对淹没序批式生物膜法去除有机物和磷及同步部分脱氮的特性进行了研究。其适合的载体装填密度为30％，水力停留时间为9h，其中厌氧3h，好氧6h，进水COD负荷从0．27kg/(m^3.d)到1．32kg/(m^3.d)均可使除磷率达90％以上，脱氮率达50％－60％。淹没式生物膜法除磷脱氮工艺中的优势菌属为假单胞菌属，其次依顺序为气单胞菌属，芽孢杆菌属，微球菌属，硝化矸菌属，生物膜具有生物量大（MLVSS达5531．7mg/L)，脱落污泥含磷量高（达5．67％），沉降性好（SVI为101．7）的特点，污泥产率为0．1996kg干泥／kgCOD。     

厌氧-好氧一体式折流板反应器处理淀粉废水的启动运行

采用厌氧-好氧一体式折流板反应器,处理马铃薯淀粉废水,以淀粉废水排放口底泥作为接种污泥,可以实现快速启动。启动过程的结果表明:在温度为2 5℃～35℃,总水力停留时间(HRT)为5 4h ,容积负荷从0 .5kg/ (m3 ·d)逐渐升高到3.0 8kg/ (m3 ·d)时,第11d就将反应器启动成功,前3级厌氧反应器总的去除率达到75 % ,厌氧-好氧一体式折流板反应器总的去除率达到96 %。而后逐渐提高容积负荷,当容积负荷为10 .0kg/ (m3 ·d)时,COD去除率最高为96 % ,出水水质达到或接近国家污水排放二级标准(GB 8978- 96 )。     

Comparative studies on toluene removal and pressure drop in biofilters using different packing materials

To select the best available packing material for malodorous organic gases such as toluene and benzene, biofilter performance was compared in biofilters employed different packing materials including porous ceramic (celite), Jeju scoria (lava), a mixture of granular activated carbon (GAC) and celite (GAC/celite), and cubic polyurethane foam (PU). A toluene-degrading bacterium, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia T3-c, was used as the inoculum. The maximum elimination capacities in the celite, lava, and GAC/celite biofilters were 100, 130, and 110 gm(-3) hr(-1), respectively. The elimination capacity for the PU biofilter was approximately 350 g m(-3) hr(-1) at an inlet loading of approximately 430 g m(-3) hr(-1), which was 2 to 3.5 times higher than for the other biofilters. The pressure drop gradually increased in the GAC/ celite, celite and lava biofilters after 23 day due to bacterial over-growth, and the toluene removal efficiency remarkably decreased with increasing pressure drop. Backwashing method was not effective for the control of biomass in these biofilters. In the PU biofilter however, backwashing allowed maintenance of a pressure drop of 1 to 3 mm H2O m(-1) and a removal efficiency of > 80%, indicating that the PU was the best packing material for toluene removal among the packing materials tested.     

Biodegradation of mono-chlorobenzene by using a trickle bed air biofilter (TBAB)

In the present study, performance of the trickle bed airbiofilter (TBAB) for treating mono-chlorobenzene (MCB) was evaluated for various influent volatile organic compound (VOC) loadings using coal and mixed consortium of activated sludge as the packing material. Microbial acclimation to MCB was achieved by exposing the system continuously for 31 d to an average inlet MCB concentration of 0.688 g m(-3) at an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 188 s. The TBAB achieved maximum removal efficiency of 87% at an EBRT of 188 s for an inlet concentration of 0.681 g m(-3), which is quite significance than the values reported in the literature. Elimination capacities of MCB increased with an increase of the influent VOC loading, but an opposite trend was observed for the removal efficiency The maximum elimination capacity of the biofilter was 110.75 g m(-3) hr(-1) at an inlet MCB concentration of 1.47 g m(-3). The effect of starvation on the TBAB was also studied. After starvation, the TBAB lost its ability to degrade MCB initially However the biofilter recovered very quickly Evaluation of the concentration profile along the bed height indicated that the bottom section of TBAB has the best performance for all concentrations. By using Wani's method of macrokinetic determination based on simple Monod kinetics, the maximum removal rate of MCB, r(max) and saturation constant K(m) was to be found as 1.304 g m(-3)s(-1) and 113.446 g m(-3), respectively.     

生物法-人工湿地组合工艺对小城镇混合污水氮素去除效果研究

在华南热带亚热带地区,利用生物法-人工湿地组合工艺（A/BCO-CW）处理小城镇片区混合污水。全年运行结果表明,A/BCO-人工湿地组合系统对TN和NH4-N具有好的处理效果,年均去除率分别为57.57%、87.73%,平均去除负荷量达到3.85和3.26g·m-2·d-1。A/BCO预处理系统在停留时间为3～6h条件下,对NH4-N去除效率达57.38%,好氧段充分曝气,有利于硝化过程的进行,有效地解决人工湿地因溶解氧不足造成的硝化过程受限制情况,减少了后续湿地所需面积的25%。在0.30～0.59m·d-1水力负荷率下,垂直流-表面流-水平潜流人工湿地组合系统对TN和NH4-N平均去除负荷达到了2.56、0.90g·m-2·d-1;TN、NH4-N去除速率常数为39.8和41.62m·yr-1,这些数值均处于文献中k值范围的高量程内。在进水NH4-N变动范围为6.27～18.8mg·L-1时,出水水质均能稳定达到GB3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》的IV类水1.5mg·L-1的标准。通过探讨A/BCO-CW组合工艺用于混合污水处理效率,实现了A/BCO和CW二者间在处理氮素过程中的优势互补。     

新型生物脱氮技术的工艺研究

以上流式厌氧污泥床反应器（ Ｕ Ａ Ｓ Ｂ） 作为厌氧氨氧化（ａｎａｍ ｍｏｘ） 反应器,用无机盐培养液完成了反应器的启动,并稳态运行ａｎａｍ ｍｏｘ 反应器．采用生物膜反应器作为生物硝化反应器,以无机盐培养液完成反应器的启动．将硝化反应器和ａｎａｍｍｏｘ 反应器组合在一起构成新型生物脱氮系统,以硝化反应器的出水作为ａｎａｍｍｏｘ反应器的进水,同时补充相应数量的 Ｎ Ｈ４ ＋ Ｎ．整个系统的总氮容积去除率可达１ ５７７ ｍｇ Ｌ－ １ ｄ － １ ．该新型生物脱氮系统能同时去除 Ｎ Ｈ４ ＋ Ｎ 和 Ｎ Ｏ Ｘ－ Ｎ,并且对高浓度的 Ｎ Ｈ４ ＋ Ｎ 去除具有较大的潜力．     

Metallic wastewater treatment by sulfate reduction using anaerobic rotating biological contactor reactor under high metal loading conditions

An-RBC reactor is highly suited to treat metallic wastewater. Metal removal is due to sulfide precipitation via sulfate reduction by SRB. Cu(II) removal was the best among the different heavy metals. Maximum metal removal is achieved at low metal loading condition. Metal removal matched well with the solubility product values of respective metal sulfide salts. This study was aimed at investigating the performance of anaerobic rotating biological contactor reactor treating synthetic wastewater containing a mixture of heavy metals under sulfate reducing condition. Statistically valid factorial design of experiments was carried out to understand the dynamics of metal removal using this bioreactor system. Copper removal was maximum (>98%), followed by other heavy metals at their respective low inlet concentrations. Metal loading rates less than 3.7 mg/L?h in case of Cu(II); less than 1.69 mg/L?h for Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Fe(III) and Cd(II) are favorable to the performance of the An-RBC reactor. Removal efficiency of the heavy metals from mixture depended on the metal species and their inlet loading concentrations. Analysis of metal precipitates formed in the sulfidogenic bioreactor by field emission scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) confirmed metal sulfide precipitation by SRB. All these results clearly revealed that the attached growth biofilm bioreactor is well suited for heavy metal removal from complex mixture.     

糖蜜酒精废水两相UASB处理工艺的酸化段特征

文章考察了糖蜜酒精废水二相UASB处理工艺的酸化段特征 ,试验结果表明酸化段的容积负荷达到3 0kgCOD/m3 时 ,系统仍能正常运行 ,TOC去除率在 3 5%以上 ,酸化段的SO4 2 -去除率在 70 %。糖蜜酒精废水酸化率在 50 % ,二相厌氧生物处理系统并未将产酸微生物与产甲烷微生物截然分开 ,在产酸相中仍含有一定数量的产甲烷菌。     

螯台球菌TAD1在高温曝气生物滤池中的异养硝化-反硝化性能

初步实验证实螯台球菌(Chelatococcus daeguensis)TAD1在高温下具有异养硝化-反硝化的能力,为验证其可应用性,采用曝气生物滤池工艺,研究了TAD1在温度为50℃的异养硝化-反硝化性能.结果表明,TAD1在曝气生物滤池中可同时进行好氧反硝化和异养硝化.当分别以硝氮、氨氮及硝氮和氨氮为氮源时,12 h的氮去除率均达到100%,氮的去除能力分别为12.67 mg.L-.1h-1、3.62 mg.L-.1h-1及16.53 mg.L-.1h-1.虽然在脱氮过程中,亚硝盐在6 h迅速积累到76 mg.L-1(硝氮为氮源)和52.6 mg.L-1(硝氮和氨氮为氮源),但在随后的几个小时内又快速降低至0(检测限之外).因而,TAD1具有应用于高温生物脱氮工艺的能力和优势.     

Combined process of biofiltration and ozone oxidation as an advanced treatment process for wastewater reuse

The effluent of a wastewater treatment plant was treated in a pilot plant for reclaimed water production through the denitrification biofilter (DNBF) process, ozonation (O₃), and biologic aerated filtration (BAF). The combined process demonstrated good removal performance of conventional pollutants, including concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (27.8 mg·L⁻¹) and total nitrogen (9.9 mg·L⁻¹) in the final effluent, which met the local discharge standards and water reuse purposes. Micropollutants (e.g., antibiotics and endocrine-disrupting chemicals) were also significantly removed during the proposed process. Ozonation exhibited high antibiotic removal efficiencies, especially for tetracycline (94%). However, micropollutant removal efficiency was negatively affected by the nitrite produced by DNBF. Acute toxicity variations of the combined process were estimated by utilizing luminescent bacteria. Inhibition rate increased from 9% to 15% during ozonation. Carbonyl compound concentrations (e.g., aldehydes and ketones) also increased by 58% as by-products, which consequently increased toxicity. However, toxicity eventually became as low as that of the influent because the by-products were effectively removed by BAF. The combined DNBF/O₃/BAF process is suitable for the advanced treatment of reclaimed water because it can thoroughly remove pollutants and toxicity.     

EDTA对微电解体系降解对硝基酚的影响

考察了EDTA对微电解体系降解对硝基酚的影响及作用机制,结果表明,EDTA能够提高微电解处理对硝基酚的效果;单因素试验法确定了微电解/EDTA体系处理1000mg·l~(-1)对硝基酚的最佳条件:铁屑量120g·l~(-1),碳量20g·l~(-1),pH值为3,EDTA浓度1mmol·l~(-1).在此条件反应60min,对硝基酚去除率为89.7%,而常规微电解在最佳条件下对硝基酚的去除率仅为53.8%.值得关注的是EDTA不仅提高了对硝基酚的去除率,而且拓宽了微电解体系对pH值的适应范围,在中性条件下微电解/EDTA体系对硝基酚的去除率达到了63.5%,而相同条件下传统微电解法仅为19.5%.同时,通过对降解产物的鉴定,分析了对硝基酚在微电解/EDTA体系的降解途径.