循环流化床烟气脱硫技术及其经济分析

简要介绍了循环流化床烟气脱硫技术及国内外研发现状，通过对不同容量机组锅炉采用循环流化床工艺和其它工艺烟气脱硫方案的分析计算，给出并讨论了各种方案的总投资、年运行费、单位运行费及均化脱硫成本等的经济技术指标。     

三相流化床烟气脱硫试验

介绍了丰相流化床烟气脱硫系统。根据工业中试结果分析了影响脱硫效率的因素。三相流化床烟气脱硫工艺投资省、运行费用低、占地少、脱硫效率较高，是值得推广的脱硫新工艺。     

循环流化床烟气脱硫系统内压降的建模

循环流化床烟气脱硫系统中的压降是保证反应器安全运行的重要参数,了解反应器内的气固流动状况以及压降分布并对其加以调节是系统稳定运行的关键.通过分析循环流化床内气固两相的流动状态,基于一维轴向流动模型,研究循环流化床烟气脱硫系统内的压降轴向分布特性.模型预测结果表明,压降受烟气流速和循环流量影响下的变化趋势与实验结论一致,证明了模型的有效性.可以用于循环流化床内脱硫传质研究,以及为反应器的设计与运行提供指导.     

循环流化床烟气脱硫多层喷水技术

东南大学热能工程研究所建立了我国目前最大的循环流化床烟气脱硫试验装置，脱硫塔直径为600mm,处理烟气量达2000m^3/h。在此试验台上进行了循环流化床烟气脱硫多层喷水的试验研究，试验表明在多层喷水条件下，趋近饱各温度△T有较大降低，脱硫效率明显提高，提高了Ca的利用率，降低了运行费用。     

吸附法烟气脱硫

燃油和煤炭在燃烧过程中会产生SO2，这些SO2排入大气中，形成酸雨，严重破坏生态环境，危害人类健康。一个世纪以来，人们对烟气脱硫作出了很大的努力，但常见的脱硫技术具有投资大，运行费用高，甚至有二次污染等问题，吸附法烟气脱硫工艺简单，脱硫效率高，是一种具有深入研究价值与应用前景的方法。     

吸附法烟气脱硫

燃油和煤炭在燃烧过程中会产生SO2 ,这些SO2 排入大气中 ,形成酸雨 ,严重破坏生态环境 ,危害人类健康。一个世纪以来 ,人们对烟气脱硫作出了很大的努力 ,但常见的脱硫技术具有投资大、运行费用高 ,甚至有二次污染等问题。吸附法烟气脱硫工艺简单、脱硫效率高 ,是一种具有深入研究价值与应用前景的方法     

烟气脱硫及硫资源化新工艺

介绍了资源化法烟气脱硫技术的工艺原理和工艺流程.相关试验表明,资源化法烟气脱硫技术具有脱硫效率高、设备投资省、运行费用低、可靠性高、操作简便、实现硫资源的回收利用等优点.     

内循环流化床烟气脱硫技术的实验研究

通过对流化床烟气脱硫吸收塔塔顶和塔底结构的改进，开发出一种新的内循环流化床烟气脱硫工艺。该工艺以60～80目细砂作为主要床料，在流化气速为2～5m／s情况下，实现了绝大部分固体颗粒在脱硫塔内的内循环，从而强化了热质传递，避免了粘壁现象。考察了各种因素对脱硫效率的影响，结果表明，绝热饱和温度差是影响脱硫效率的显著因素，颗粒浓度是保证系统稳定运行的关键因素。在Ca／S为1．2和颗粒浓度为10kg／m^3条件下，系统能连续稳定运行，脱硫效率达90％以上。     

大中型锅炉应用双循环流化床烟气脱硫装置的技术经济分析

介绍了自主研制的双循环流化床烟气悬浮脱硫技术（DCFBFGD）的工艺流程、技术特点,并以里彦电厂的一台430t／h燃煤锅炉为例,对大中型锅炉应用此项技术进行了技术经济分析。分析表明,该脱硫装置适合大中型锅炉的脱硫改造,投资费用和运行成本低。     

内循环流化床烟气脱硫技术的实验研究

通过对流化床烟气脱硫吸收塔塔顶和塔底结构的改进,开发出一种新的内循环流化床烟气脱硫工艺。该工艺以60～80目细砂作为主要床料,在流化气速为2～5m/s情况下,实现了绝大部分固体颗粒在脱硫塔内的内循环,从而强化了热质传递,避免了粘壁现象。考察了各种因素对脱硫效率的影响,结果表明,绝热饱和温度差是影响脱硫效率的显著因素,颗粒浓度是保证系统稳定运行的关键因素。在Ca/S为12和颗粒浓度为10kg/m3条件下,系统能连续稳定运行,脱硫效率达90%以上。     

中国燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫技术的发展前景

本文在综述我国燃煤中小型锅炉和电站锅炉烟气脱硫技术现状的基础上，分析了我国燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫技术的发展前景．分析结果指出：我国中小型燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫技术近期是以完善湿法脱硫技术为主，远期将大力发展干法脱硫技术；在电站锅炉烟气脱硫方面，规模较小的电站锅炉将以喷雾干燥法为主要发展方向，大型电站锅炉近期仍以湿式石灰石－石膏法为主，远期将大力发展电子束辐照氨法脱硫脱硝技术。     

Maintenance Guidelines

As utility use of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technology has increased, so has an awareness of the importance of maintenance to system economy and availability. These guidelines provide a comprehensive source of information on overall FGD system maintenance.     

Laboratory Wind Tunnel and Model Studies to Improve Gas Velocity Distribution in Cottrell Precipitators

Corrosion of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubbing equipment is one of several critical problems facing both the power industry operating these units and the engineering firms that have to select materials of construction for the specific processes. The various processes and the status of flue-gas desulfurization technology were discussed at the 68th annual meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association.¹     

An Assessment

Extensive research has determined that adipic acid, when used as an additive to a limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system, will improve the performance of the system. Both SO₂ removal and limestone utilization can be greatly increased by the buffering effect of adipic acid. Successful testing in laboratory, bench, pilot, prototype, and full scale systems has demonstrated the benefits of this technology for new and retrofit applications. Although adipic acid does degrade in the scrubber, no significant operating problems or environmental impacts have been identified. Economic estimates have shown the adipic acid enhanced limestone FGD system to be economically attractive when compared to conventional FGD systems. In addition, further research is underway to decrease the cost of using additives in FGD systems.     

半干半湿法脱硫灰循环利用中试试验研究

半干半湿法脱硫产生的脱硫灰中混有大量有效钙和粉煤灰 ,本文对其进行了循环利用机理分析及试验研究 ,证实脱硫灰循环大大提高了钙的利用率 ,降低了钙硫比 ,但循环倍率增加到 2倍以上时 ,脱硫效率增速变缓。脱硫灰的循环利用对降低脱硫运行费用是非常有效的。     

小型锅炉烟气喷雾分离法脱硫的试验研究

以4t燃煤锅炉为对象，重点研究了喷雾分离法脱硫技术的工艺流程和主要设备，并给出了相应的试验结果。结果表明以清水为吸收剂，液气比≤0．1L／m^3，脱硫效率达到了60％—70％。本装置具有工艺简单、占地省、投资少、运行费用低的优点，特别适合用于中小型锅炉的改造。     

Estimating Costs of Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems for Utility Boilers

In September 1973, PEDCo-Environmental Specialists was awarded a study by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency to evaluate the cost of controlling sulfur dioxide and particulate emissions from selected utility boilers. Since that time, PEDCo has conducted additional studies for the U. S. EPA, state and local control agencies, and private industry on the costs of control technology and the reliability of sulfur dioxide control systems. Current work includes determining the feasibility and environmental impact of converting selected utility boilers to coal-firing to conserve the nation’s gas and oil supplies. This paper presents an overview of the status and costs of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems, and the factors relating to the variability in costs. It is based in part upon work performed in developing detailed FGD cost estimating manuals for EPA.     

The Importance of Maintenance for Lime Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems

The successful, reliable operation of a power plant flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system depends largely on a good program of maintenance. Identifying the FGD equipment that is most critical to an FGD system’s overall reliability or its ability to meet emission regulations plays an important role in determining the extent of a maintenance program for a particular site. FGD maintenance programs vary considerably, depending on site-specific requirements and the support of plant owners. Many owners are reluctant to spend money on FGD maintenance because an FGD system is a nonproductive part of a power plant; however, a good maintenance program can result in longer equipment life, improved equipment performance, increased system availability, better safety, and lower operating costs. This paper uses wet and dry lime FGD systems to illustrate the advantages of good maintenance and the consequences of poor maintenance. Examples of specific tasks for preventive, scheduled, planned, and emergency maintenance are described. Also, because of the importance of FGD maintenance personnel, a section on organization and training is included.     

垃圾渗滤液烟气脱硫体系的实验研究

利用垃圾渗滤液中较高的碱度吸收二氧化硫是垃圾渗滤液湿法烟气脱硫工艺的第一阶段。试验证明 ,垃圾渗滤液可高效吸收二氧化硫 (去除率可达 90 %以上 ) ;同时垃圾渗滤液中氨氮浓度由 133mmol L降至 78mmol L。实验结果证实了所建立的垃圾渗滤液烟气脱硫体系的互补性