县级市实施排污申报登记制度存在的问题及建议

分析了排污申报登记制度在县级市实施中存在的问题,并提出了相关建议.     

排污申报数据审核的一般方法

排污申报登记工作具有数据量大、逻辑性强、专业要求高的特点,环保部门必须力求通过强化数据的审核来获得完整、准确的排污申报数据。     

江苏省排污申报信息管理系统（2001年版）的设计和应用

概述了基于江苏省新版排污申报报表制度的《江苏省排污申报信息管理系统（2001年版）》软件设计和应用情况，重点介绍了该环境信息应用软件的系统设计原则，技术路线，数据录入上报流程。     

中瑞排污许可证制度的对比研究

对中国水排污许可和瑞典综合排污许可的审批程序和要求、审批内容等进行了对比分析。重点分析了环境法庭在瑞典综合排污许可申报过程中的作用和功能,以及瑞典排污许可证文件的起草和颁发过程。在此基础上,从政府、企业和公众3个层面提出了瑞典综合排污许可证制度对中国排污许可证制度建设和完善的重要借鉴意义。     

排污单位排污许可证申请说明示例研究

改革后排污许可制实施以来,积累了宝贵的经验和做法,也暴露出了技术层面操作的问题。文中从技术角度探讨分析排污单位的申请材料填报情况,结合有关要求创新性示范制定了“排污单位排污许可证申请说明”,以期做到排污单位“说得清”、核发单位“审得明”,提高排污许可证申请与核发效率。     

开拓污染源信息新渠道的探索

环境管理的各项工作离不开对污染源信息的撷取，全面、准确、动态地了解辖区内有关污染源的排污状况，是强化市场经济条件下环境管理、正确进行决策的先决条件，更是实施污染物排放总量控制的前提。但以往在这方面普遍存在信息不全、不准、不及时，向基层环保部门和排污单位要数据的部门多、渠道多、报表多等“三不”、“三多”现象，且填报单位也无需对数据负法律责任，这一状况亟需得到改变。到１９９８年底，历时一年半的浙江省全省排放污染物申报登记实践，为开拓污染源信息新渠道作了有益的探索。１排污申报登记是撷取污染源信息的主渠…     

刷卡排污的浙江模式

<正>为贯彻落实《浙江省人民政府办公厅关于加强环境资源配置量化管理推动产业转型升级的意见》(浙政办发[2013]8号),浙江省全面开展了刷卡排污工作。建立刷卡排污制度是加强浙江省排污权有偿使用和交易工作,全面推行排污许可证管理,促进总量减排控制的有效手段。浙江的"刷卡排污"总体规划建设排污许可证IC卡电子证照模式,建立一套企业环保身份验证体系,将涉污企业的排污许可证信息通过电子证件管理起来,通过该IC电子证照作为企业的排污许可证副证,记录企业的相关排污总量信息,做到"一企一证一卡",实现企业环保业务的电子化管理。以     

排污许可证制度的再认识

排污许呆证制度是我国现行的环境管理制度之一，在对该项制度实施过程中存在问题进行全面分析的基础上，阐述了排污必须许可、无证排污即违法的排污许可证制度内涵。提出了“一证”对外的管理设想，以不断提高排污许可证的管理水平。     

对排污收费性质的探讨

自《中华人民共和国环境保护法(试行)》(以下简称环保法)颁布后,我市即根据《环保法》第十八条规定精神,对超标排放污染物的工矿企、事业单位实行收费。两年来的实践证明,排污收费对防治污染,保护环境以及环保部门的自身建设都起到了积极作用。但是,从理论上进行研究,阐明排污收费的性质还远远不够,这在某种意义上说,影响了排污收费的顺利进行。因此,对排污收费的性质进行探讨和研究是十分必要的。现在根据我市的排污收费情况,提出一些粗浅的看法。     

中国空气固定源排污许可证内容设计

空气固定源排污许可证是政府依法给固定源所有者颁发,对其空气污染物排放提出全面管控要求的行政许可文件,该文件包括对排污单位所有固定源排放口及其面源等空气污染物排放控制的全部管理要求。通过排污许可证,政府部门可以规范行政执法,固定源排污企业可以清晰知道自己需要执行的具体规定。在现有排污许可证制度实施的基础之上,结合美国等发达国家经验,对固定源排污许可证文本中所需载明的基本信息、排放限值、监测、记录及报告要求进行设计。     

Registering and analysing data on detection of chemicals in the environment

As part of the research project “information system for environmental chemicals” a factual databank on a testset of 68 chemicals was developed. The set-up of the databank is described and the analysis of the results is shown for benzo(k)fluoranthene using a graphical boxplot illustration.     

化工企业无组织排放废气的危害与防治

论述了化工企业无组织废气的来源、危害、处理方法和防治措施等。     

Reporting chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran data in scientific publications

A literature review of recent work involving the determination of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDD) and dibenzofurans (CDF) in fish and incinerator samples has shown many irregularities and omissions in the reported data. Although some of these result from non-standardized nomenclature and reporting practices and do not affect the overall conclusions reached, in some cases omissions in reporting experimental procedures raise important concerns regarding the validity of data and make comparison of data from different investigations difficult. It is not always necessary or even desirable to report every experimental detail of work performed, however, the ultra-trace determination of CDDs and CDFs in complex environmental samples is still at a stage where omission of key experimental details can affect the interpretation of results.     

关于农业污染信访举报案件的综合处理思考

揭示了农业污染纠纷的内涵，提出了处理农业污染纠纷的5个“支撑点”：认真接访，搜集证据；运用农业技术理性界定；运用监测数据科学鉴证；运用因果关系逻辑推定；强化环境管理，疏通综合处理渠道等。     

Fundamentals of Successful Monitoring,Reporting, and Verification under a Cap-and-Trade Program

Abstract

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed and implemented the Acid Rain Program (ARP), and NO_x Budget Trading Programs (NBTP) using several fundamental monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) elements: (1) compliance assurance through incentives and automatic penalties; (2) strong quality assurance (QA); (3) collaborative approach with a petition process; (4) standardized electronic reporting; (5) compliance flexibility for low-emitting sources; (6) complete emissions data record required; (7) centralized administration; (8) level playing field; (9) publicly available data; (10) performance-based approach; and (11) reducing conflicts of interest. Each of these elements is discussed in the context of the authors’ experience under two U.S. cap-and-trade programs and their potential application to other capand-trade programs.

The U.S. Office of Management and Budget found that the Acid Rain Program has accounted for the largest quantified human health benefits of any federal regulatory program implemented in the last 10 yr, with annual benefits exceeding costs by >40 to 1. The authors believe that the elements described in this paper greatly contributed to this success. EPA has used the ARP fundamental elements as a model for other cap-and-trade programs, including the NBTP, which went into effect in 2003, and the recently published Clean Air Interstate Rule and Clean Air Mercury Rule. The authors believe that using these fundamental elements to develop and implement the MRV portion of their cap-and-trade programs has resulted in public confidence in the programs, highly accurate and complete emissions data, and a high compliance rate (>99% overall).     

Redundant Measurements of Urban Air Monitoring Networks in Air Quality Reporting

Abstract

This paper describes a statistical method to assess site redundancy of urban air monitoring networks in reporting daily Pollutant Standards Index (PSI), average concentrations, and the number of exceedances. Such a statistical method has identified significant redundancy in monitoring sites for one-year measurements of two air monitoring networks in Taiwan. There are five redundant sites out of 15 monitoring sites in the Taipei area and eight redundant sites out of 18 monitoring sites in the Kaohsiung area. By using the statistical method presented in this paper to downsize the monitoring networks, we can determine not only the number of redundant sites but also the priority of site removals. The derived sub-networks can maintain consistency in reporting air quality without significant changes in the spatial variations of air measurements for an existing air monitoring network.     

仪化涤纶厂乙醛废气质量浓度的分布规律

通过对仪化涤纶厂乙醛废气污染源的调查及监测，分析了其源强、生产车间及厂区内外的分布规律，并进一步作了该厂乙醛废气对环境影响的预测评价。结果表明，周边地区乙醛废气的质量浓度分布均达到《工业企业设汁卫生标准》的要求。     

Maximizing Legacy and Impact of Primary Research: A Call for Better Reporting of Results

Much of the scientific literature in existence today is based on model systems and case studies, which help to split research into manageable blocks. The impact of this research can be greatly increased in meta-analyses that combine individual studies published over time to identify patterns across studies; patterns that may go undetected by smaller studies and that may not be the main subject of investigation. However, many potentially useful studies fail to provide sufficient data (typically means, true sample sizes, and measures of variability) to permit meta-analysis. Authors of primary research studies should provide these summary statistics as a minimum, and editors should require them to do so. By putting policies in place that require these summary statistics to be included, or even those that require raw data, editors and authors can maximize the legacy and impact of the research they publish beyond that of their initial target audience.     

A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Animal Experiments with Guidelines for Reporting

To maximize the findings of animal experiments to inform likely health effects in humans, a thorough review and evaluation of the animal evidence is required. Systematic reviews and, where appropriate, meta-analyses have great potential in facilitating such an evaluation, making efficient use of the animal evidence while minimizing possible sources of bias. The extent to which systematic review and meta-analysis methods have been applied to evaluate animal experiments to inform human health is unknown. Using systematic review methods, we examine the extent and quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of in vivo animal experiments carried out to inform human health. We identified 103 articles meeting the inclusion criteria: 57 reported a systematic review, 29 a systematic review and a meta-analysis, and 17 reported a meta-analysis only. The use of these methods to evaluate animal evidence has increased over time. Although the reporting of systematic reviews is of adequate quality, the reporting of meta-analyses is poor. The inadequate reporting of meta-analyses observed here leads to questions on whether the most appropriate methods were used to maximize the use of the animal evidence to inform policy or decision-making. We recommend that guidelines proposed here be used to help improve the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of animal experiments. Further consideration of the use and methodological quality and reporting of such studies is needed.     

Reporting and evaluation criteria as means towards a transparent use of ecotoxicity data for environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals

Ecotoxicity data with high reliability and relevance are needed to guarantee the scientific quality of environmental risk assessments of pharmaceuticals. The main advantages of a more structured approach to data evaluation include increased transparency and predictability of the risk assessment process, and the possibility to use non-standard data.In this collaboration, between the research project MistraPharma and the German Federal Environment Agency, a new set of reporting and evaluation criteria is presented and discussed. The new criteria are based on the approaches in the literature and the OECD reporting requirements, and have been further developed to include both reliability and relevance of test data.Intended users are risk assessors and researchers performing ecotoxicological experiments, but the criteria can also be used for education purposes and in the peer-review process for scientific papers. This approach intends to bridge the gap between the regulator and the scientist’s needs and way of work.