煤矿井下电磁环境测试方法研究

为了分析煤矿井下电磁环境对矿用电子设备工作安全性的影响,研究井下电磁辐射现场测试方法。测试结果表明:煤矿井下电磁环境具有区域性,典型设备是其电磁特性的主要影响因素。架线电机车产生的电磁噪声覆盖的频段较宽,对井底车场电磁环境影响很大。矿用漏泄通信系统对井下电磁环境会产生一定的影响,变压器是井下变电所电磁环境的主要骚扰源。研究结果表明井下电磁环境现场测试方法具有一定的适用性,有助于确定井下电磁环境的严酷等级,为电子设备的抗干扰措施提供理论依据。     

Application of Prevention through Design for hearing loss in the mining industry

INTRODUCTION: Overexposure to noise remains a widespread and serious health hazard in the U.S. service providing and goods producing industries. Excessive noise can lead to poor verbal communication and reduce the ability to recognize warning signals. These dangerous work conditions can also cause stress and fatigue. Occupational hearing loss is a permanent illness, with no recovery currently possible. METHOD: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has recognized Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) as one of the ten leading work-related diseases and injuries in the United States, and has emphasized its importance as one of the critical areas expressed in the National Occupational Research Agenda. RESULTS: One of the most serious noise problems in the goods producing industries is the operation of continuous mining machines during underground coal mining. In order to minimize occupational hearing loss, noise hazards are "designed out" early in the design process. NIOSH is leading a national initiative called Prevention through Design (PTD) to promote this concept. This paper describes the quiet-by-design approach of a noise control that reduced noise exposures of continuous mining machine operators by 3dB(A) using the four functional areas of PTD, namely Practice, Policy, Research, and Education.     

煤矿井下噪声危害分析及对策

煤矿井下噪声作为一种强污染和安全隐患并未得到充分的重视,为了说明加强井下噪声治理工作的必要性,分源分析了煤矿井下的噪声产生及其强度.分析结果表明煤矿高强度噪声污染可对井下工人的身体产生特异性和非特异性危害,同时也可直接或间接导致各种事故的发生,为矿井安全生产埋下了隐患.从井下噪声的产生、传递、接受三方面分别提出了降低和解决矿井噪声危害的方法和对策,得出不仅需要改进现有井下防噪技术,而且需要加强矿井行政管理,提高工人的防噪意识,才可降低矿井噪声的危害.但彻底根治煤矿井下噪声危害是一个综合性的难题,需要煤炭工业整体的发展和社会各界提高对劳动保护的重视程度.     

新建铁路对城市噪声的影响特点及其噪声预测方法

分析了新建铁路对城市噪声的影响特点 ,笔者认为除了铁路运输噪声外 ,由铁路引起的次生环境噪声影响也较大 ,包括站区噪声及车站引起的周边新增道路交通噪声。这些噪声特点各不相同 ,但都受铁路规模大小影响。噪声预测方法应在考虑铁路规模的同时 ,针对不同影响特征建立不同预测方法。     

正交实验法优选煤炭自燃凝胶阻化剂及其应用

煤炭自燃不仅造成巨大的能源损失，也是重大的灾害，为减少采空区煤炭自燃，研制了新型的凝胶阻化剂。本文选用了合适的阻化剂的基料，通过比较不同促凝剂和基料的成胶时间，最终选用碳酸氢铵作为该凝胶阻化剂的促凝剂。采用正交实验设计的方法，通过对实验结果的正交分析，确定了阻化剂的最终配方。实际应用表明该凝胶阻化剂能有效的防灭火，并且成本低廉。     

Modified explosive diagram for determining gas-mixture explosibility

Determination of mine gas explosibility is definitely a significant work for mine safety especially when any mine rescue strategies are under planning or implementing. In detail, its importance can be well understood by the following two aspects: First, if a coal mine's production is under the normal conditions, the underground mine atmosphere must be monitored as a timely matter and its explosibility should also be determined shortly due to the continuous emission of methane or other combustible gases. Thus, the critical time which means a time period that combustible gases could build up to reach the lower flammable limit and then pass the upper flammable limit can be effectively watched and controlled. Second, when facing a mine rescue work or mitigating a hazard of mine accidents (gas explosion, coal fire, etc.), the explosibility determination is also very critical for miners' lives. In this paper, a widely used mine gas explosibility determination method, the Coward diagram, is going to be modified to improve its accuracy. The improvements made in this research effort include: (1) expanding the original Coward diagram; (2) correcting flammable limits; (3) redefining the nose limit for each combustible gas; (4) developing an equation to predict the excess amount of inert gas for individual combustible gas. Finally, the flowchart of the modified Coward explosibility diagram method is listed. By a cross-verification study, it shows that the modified Coward method has better accuracy and reliability and could be applied in practices.     

Sources of underground CO: Crushing and ambient temperature oxidation of coal

As a harmful gas in underground coal mine, CO seriously threatened the safety of miners. Currently, the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in goaf is generally considered as the main source of underground CO. CO gas is also widely used as an indicator gas in fire prediction in mines. However, high concentrations of CO are also detected in some mines without spontaneous combustion of coal. Therefore, in the paper, with four ranks of coal, we studied other two potential CO sources: crushing and oxidation at ambient temperature. The more completely crushed coal produces more CO. The concentration of generated CO is inversely proportional to moisture content in coal. Therefore, the addition of water can inhibit the generation process of CO during the crushing process of coal. Lignite with low metamorphic grade can be oxidized to produce CO at ambient temperature (25 °C), and anthracite with high coal rank can be only oxidized to produce CO at 60 °C. Infrared spectra indicated that the coal with rich aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing functional groups are more susceptible to oxidation at room temperature. Moreover, the smaller particle size of coal is more beneficial to the oxidation at ambient temperature to generate CO. CO generation during coal oxidation is also closely related to the ventilation rate.     

Analysis of noise pollution in an andesite quarry with the use of simulation studies and evaluation indices

This paper presents the verification of two partial indices proposed for the evaluation of continuous and impulse noise pollution in quarries. These indices, together with the sound power of machines index and the noise hazard index at the workstation, are components of the global index of assessment of noise hazard in the working environment of a quarry. This paper shows the results of acoustic tests carried out in an andesite quarry. Noise generated by machines and from performed blasting works was investigated. On the basis of acoustic measurements carried out in real conditions, the sound power levels of machines and the phenomenon of explosion were determined and, based on the results, three-dimensional models of acoustic noise propagation in the quarry were developed. To assess the degree of noise pollution in the area of the quarry, the continuous and impulse noise indices were used.     

Structural equation model of the influence of noise annoyance on miners’ unsafe behavior in coal mines

Miners' unsafe behavior (UB) is the main cause of coal mine accidents. Previous research has suggested that excessive noise in tunnels impacts miners' temperaments and safe production behavior. To explore the influence of noise on UB, four different dimensions of noise annoyance were identified: cognitive, emotional, communication, and physical mechanism annoyance. The coal mine noise annoyance scale, miners' unsafe behavior intention (UBI) scale, and miners’ UB scale were developed according to different dimensions. In the first survey, a total of 200 questionnaires were distributed in the two coal mines, and 193 valid questionnaires were recovered. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and invalid items were removed according to the analysis results to form the final scale. Then, 500 final scales were distributed in two Chinese coal mines, and 482 valid questionnaires were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted by collating the data of the second questionnaire. Based upon the structural equation model (SEM), the SEM of the influence of noise annoyance degree on UB and the path analysis with latent variable path analysis with the latent variables (PA-LVs) mediating model of the effect of UBI on UB were established, and the path coefficients with fitting data of the model were analyzed. The results indicated that the four dimensions of coal mine noise annoyance had a strong positive impact on UB, which was reduced by less noise annoyance. In addition, the Bootstrap method was used to verify the mediating method among the four dimensions of noise annoyance, cognitive annoyance, emotional annoyance, with communication annoyance indirectly affecting UB through UBI. The research results provide theoretical support for reducing the UB of miners and improving coal mine safety levels.     

基于智能手机平台的环境噪声监测研究

通过对传统噪声监测和评价方法的分析,借助智能手机平台开发了1套环境噪声监测系统,并以鼓浪屿为案例进行了研究。结果表明:1)利用智能手机能很好地区分不同环境功能区的噪声情况;2)能方便地获取监测点位坐标、用户感受等信息;3)能及时将监测结果分享给好友和数据中心。基于智能手机平台进行环境噪声监测,一方面降低了噪声监测的技术门槛,方便公众随时随地感知和分享身边的噪声情况;另一方面,借助公众的广泛参与,能够大大增加噪声采样点的数量,拓展数据的采集范围,形成公众环境噪声监测网。     

冲击倾向性煤体力-电感应规律试验研究

为提高冲击地压预测的准确性,应用自行研发的多通道电荷感应监测系统,对单轴压缩条件下冲击倾向性煤体变形破坏过程中力-电感应规律进行了试验研究。结果表明:冲击倾向性煤体的单轴抗压强度大,破坏失稳时间短,煤体失稳具有显著的突发性特点;冲击倾向性煤体的电荷波动幅值大于无冲击倾向性煤体的电荷波动幅值;冲击倾向性煤体的单位时间电荷量大于无冲击倾向性煤体的单位时间电荷量;冲击倾向性煤体表面累积的自由电荷总量和单位时间内从煤体表面逃逸出来的自由电荷数多于无冲击倾向性煤体的表面累积的自由电荷总量和单位时间内从煤体表面逃逸出来的自由电荷数;冲击倾向性煤体力-电感应规律曲线中存在一个冲击失稳的超前预警时间区域,该区域可为预测煤体发生冲击失稳做好预报准备。     

煤矿呼吸性粉尘及其综合控制

在生产过程中产生的粉尘中,呼吸性粉尘是尘肺病的引发源,在煤矿防尘工作中必须引起高度重视。我国煤矿尘肺病发病情况十分严重,据不完全统计,至2002年底,我国煤炭行业累计患尘肺病人数达25万以上,该年度因尘肺病死亡人数是因事故死亡人数的两倍。呼吸性粉尘粒径小、悬浮时间长、肉眼不可见,极易被吸入人体的肺部并沉积于肺泡区内,随着沉积量的增加,可引发尘肺病。尘肺病目前尚无法根治,但完全可以预防。其有效的预防措施就是对粉尘施行综合控制,从抑制尘源、降低浮尘、排除余尘到个体防护等一系列技术措施,最大限度地减低作业人员的接尘量,同时进行医学预防,防止尘肺病的发生和发展。建立工程性防御与医学性预防相结合,防止煤尘爆炸与预防尘肺病一体化的管理机制。     

煤矿危险源辨识与多层评价分级研究

根据煤炭系统生产的复杂特点,提出了采用系统科学的方法,对煤炭生产进行系统的单元划分,采用安全系统科学辨识的方法对危险源进行辨识.在此基础上,提出利用层次分析法和模糊动态评判的方法对危险源进行初次分级,根据危险源的耦合特性,提出二次动态分级的方法,对初次分级进行调整,确定危险源科学、合理的级别,并提出了进一步现实性评价的建议.     

基于不同漏风源浅埋煤层采空区自燃“三带”分布规律研究*

为解决浅埋自燃煤层采空区因地表及工作面漏风而自燃的难题,以沙坪煤矿1818工作面为例,利用SF6示踪法检测采空区地表漏风通道和风速,利用FLUENT数值模拟分析不同漏风源采空区自燃“三带”分布的特征,并通过现场束管测试结果对比分析浅埋煤层采空区地表漏风对自燃“三带”分布的影响,同时限定工作面最小推进速度,确保工作面的安全生产。研究结果表明:地表漏风风速为0.06～0.30 m/s,漏风通道多且复杂;相比于工作面单一漏风源,有地表漏风存在时,自燃危险性加大;限定工作面最小推进速度为1.24 m/d。因此,多漏风源煤层开采条件下自燃“三带”分布的确定对浅埋藏自燃煤层采空区遗煤自燃预测预报及预防工作具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。     

煤矿井下主要设备噪声源测定分析研究

煤矿地面噪声防治已经受到人们的重视,但煤矿井下噪声仍被人们所忽视,对它研究的不多。通过对开滦集团东欢坨煤矿和荆各庄煤矿进行井下噪声测量,制作噪声频谱图和噪声传播衰减趋势图,分析井下噪声的频谱特性和衰减变化,为煤矿井下降噪提供依据。结果表明所测得的煤矿井下各点噪声强度均大于90dB（A）,且以中高频率为主,所以应当采取相应的针对性措施为煤矿井下进行降噪处理。     

用电磁辐射法预测煤与瓦斯突出的实验理论基础

用电磁辐射法预测煤与瓦斯突出是突出研究的新技术手段。本文阐述了电磁辐射法预测突出的理论和实验基础，电磁辐射法预测突出能实现连续、非接触、准确可靠和自动化监测，是煤与瓦斯突出预测技术的发展方向。同时也指出了目前的未知领域和研究成果的缺陷，指明了以后的研究方向和课题。     

基于20L球形爆炸装置的甲烷煤尘混合爆炸实验

利用实验室自行设计的20L球形爆炸装置,对煤尘及甲烷煤尘混合物的爆炸特性进行了研究。结果表明:无论有无甲烷,煤尘的最大爆炸压力随煤尘浓度增加呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,并且均在在煤尘浓度为600g/m3时均达到最大值。同时,甲烷的加入明显提高了煤尘最大爆炸压力值,而且随着甲烷浓度的增加,最大爆炸压力增幅先增加后降低,在甲烷5%时增幅最大。煤尘的爆炸持续时间随煤尘浓度增加呈现先降低后升高的特点,甲烷存在时有同样规律,但是有甲烷时爆炸持续时间明显降低,而且随着甲烷含量的增加,煤尘的爆炸持续时间降低幅度不断增加,在甲烷5%以后趋于稳定。实验结果对生产实践有一定的指导作用。     

基于三维可视化危险源的煤矿风险预控手机管理系统设计

危险源辨识是煤矿风险预控管理过程中关键的一步。为提高煤矿危险源辨识的准 确性和效率,确保煤矿生产过程中发现的危险源能够及时处理,提出了基于三维可视化 危险源和危险源反馈闭环处理的解决思路,应用Java 技术,MySQL 数据库和Android Studio开发工具,构建了基于C/S架构的三维可视化危险源风险预控智能手机管理系统 。通过煤矿风险预控管理系统的实施,能够使煤矿危险源管理工作系统化、规范化,减 少或避免煤矿事故的发生。这种煤矿安全管理信息系统为提高风险预控管理工作的效率 提供了新的思路和方法,促使煤矿安全生产工作向科学化、数字化的方向发展。     

煤矿区环境污染与洁净技术

煤炭开采在给社会带来经济效益的同时 ,也导致了矿区的环境污染和生态破坏 ,如煤炭开采引起地表塌陷 ;煤炭开采过程中的废弃物、噪声污染和破坏人类生活环境等。为了保护好生态环境 ,必须采用清洁开采技术 ,才能保持能源生产、消费和生态之间的平衡     

纳米氢氧化铝三相泡沫制备研究*

为更好地解决煤矿采空区煤炭自燃问题,以十二烷基硫酸钠为主体进行发泡剂复配,通过泡沫性能测试实验,研制出高性能发泡剂。以纳米氢氧化铝作为固相颗粒,制备出发泡倍数高、稳定性强的纳米氢氧化铝三相泡沫,使用锥形量热仪研究其高温阻燃能力和消烟性能。实验结果表明:当纳米氢氧化铝的质量分数从0提高到1%时,泡沫体积从500 mL增长至830 mL;当质量分数从3%提高到4%时,泡沫析液半衰期由15 min提升至42 min,且能在完全析液后保留三维网状结构。在高温阻燃和消烟能力方面,纳米氢氧化铝三相泡沫的加入将点燃时间从24 s延长至87 s,持续燃烧时间从835 s缩短至325 s,热释放速率高峰值从97.2 kW/m2降低至49.8 kW/m2,烟气生成速率峰值从0.064 m2/s降低至0.012 m2/s,对CO,CO2释放速率也有一定抑制作用。