什么叫爆发试验？

答：爆发试验是利用一个特制的取样简(也叫爆发筒)．在煤气管道或设备上的最末端取管道或设备内的介质，然后在远离放散点处用明火将其点燃，如果介质是纯煤气就能连续稳定地燃烧至筒底，此时就可以断定煤气置换空气已经合格。这样的试验连做三次，并且均为合格后．方可送煤气。     

煤气发生炉水夹套鼓包原因分析

<正>笔者单位自2008年底以来,经对三水区使用煤气发生炉的26家陶瓷生产企业的48台承压的煤气发生炉进行全面检验,共发现9家企业共20台煤气发生炉承压的夹套内筒发生鼓包,占检验总数量的40%,其中有2台因鼓包严重而导致报废。虽然每台煤气发生炉结构、大小有所不同,每个企业使用设备的负荷及操作流程有所     

煤气安全知识 第五讲 煤气设施的试验

一、试验的内容新建、扩建、改建和大中修后的煤气设施,均应进行试验,以检验煤气设施的设计、制造和施工质量,保证其安全运行。煤气设施的试验包括强度试验和严密性试验。强度试验的目的是检验管道的强度,以确保在设计压力下安全运行所必需的承压能力,同时可通过局部泄漏等现象发现管道潜     

违反操作规程两例

处理剩余煤气发生爆炸 煤气的主要成分为一氧化碳、甲烷和氢,是一种可以燃烧的气体,比重小于空气,能与空气形成爆炸性混合气体,遇明火能引起燃烧或爆炸。因此,在使用和处理剩余煤气时,要特别注意防火安全,不得凭侥幸冒险进行操作。 北京某化工厂的试验研究所,在一次处理煤气包里的剩余煤气时,采取引燃方法,用一根十米长的皮管接通煤气包,由于气包内的压力小,煤气不能自动流出,因而两人边卷边踩,挤压出煤气用火点燃,挤压力忽大忽小,压力大时十米外的皮管出口处煤气能点燃,压力小时,煤气挤压不出,火便熄灭。这时,一工人为了快速将气包内的气体…     

基于CFD软件的转炉煤气OG负压系统爆炸模拟分析

通过运用CFD软件对OG系统进行煤气爆炸模拟分析,得出了不同CO浓度的转炉煤气发生爆炸时的压力、温度及传播速度,对于进一步认识转炉煤气爆炸具有重要意义。     

某厂煤气洗涤塔煤气泄漏中毒事故分析

针对某钢铁厂煤气事故，使用定性分析的方法，对喷淋塔泄水作业的试验数据进行了分析，煤气泄漏造成人员中毒原因进行了论证，得出了一些结论，并据此分析煤气泄漏后可能导致人员死亡的范围，为今后采取控制措施提供依据。     

煤气作业常见隐患

<正>煤气作业时存在着中毒、着火、爆炸等危险,容易发生群死群伤事故。杜绝煤气事故主要有以下措施:一是保证煤气设备的严密性,即不向外部泄漏煤气,不向隔断装置的另一侧泄漏煤气;二是带煤气作业时做好防护措施,如正确佩戴空气呼吸器、长管呼吸器,使用便携式一氧化碳检测仪等;三是煤气设备附近不得有易燃易爆物品,控制好煤气区域的点火源;四是保持煤气设备附属设施完好。本文参照了GB 6222-2005《工业企业煤气安全规程》等相关操作规程,列举了煤气作业中的部分隐患,供广大读者参考。     

在煤气危险区域工作有何安全要求？

答：一类煤气作业必须征得煤气防护站的同意，戴上氧气呼吸器后方准作业。二类煤气作业，要求煤气防护站同意，并准备好防护用具，作业时要有现场监护。三类煤气作业要求两人以上进行，同时要有人定期巡视检查。     

一氧化碳区域报警系统在鄂钢消化移植成功

一氧化碳区域报警系统能对生产和使用煤气的大型设备(如煤气发生装置、净化装置、煤气锅炉、煤气柜等)周围环境中的一氧化碳含量进行自动监控.该系统已由冶金部安全环保研究院消化研制,鄂城钢铁厂移植成功。经现场试验,运行正常。该系统有十个采样测定点,通过自动切换装置轮流采样,气样由分析计测定,抗干抗能力很强,     

煤气加热设备的安全使用

在点燃煤气时,应遵守以下操作要求:(1)等待煤气的总管向分配支管送煤气的工作全部完成后,才能向各加热设备送煤气。(2)准备好点燃煤气的火把,并将烟道的闸门打开。(3)将点火的火把放在煤气烧嘴的前方,然后打开阀门点火。严禁先送煤气后点火,以免引起爆炸。(4)当点火煤气没有被点燃时,应立即关闭煤气阀门,并使其充分自然通风;严禁一次没有将煤气点燃,紧接着连续再点火。(5)在开始送煤气时,不可将煤气的阀门拧得太大,而应     

Gender differences in DUI offenders in treatment in Texas

OBJECTIVE: This is a study of 8,464 adult women and 21,155 adult males who entered substance abuse treatment in Texas between 2000 and 2005. Participants were either on probation for driving under the influence (DUI), were referred to treatment by DUI probation, or had been arrested for DUI in the past year. METHODS: The female and male clients were compared on demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, DSM-IV diagnoses, and levels of impairment. T tests and chi square tests were used to determine significance and multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of completing treatment and being abstinent at follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of females who were sent to treatment as a result of DUI increased from 27% in 2000 to 32% in 2005. Females were significantly more likely than males to be White (73% vs. 56%), to have used substances a shorter period of time (17 vs. 19 years), to be seeking custody to regain their children (11% vs. 2%), to meet the DSM criteria for drug dependence (32% vs. 23%), to have injected drugs (31% vs. 23%), to have used substances daily (42% vs. 40%), to have a depressive disorder (16% vs. 7%) or bipolar disorder (12% vs. 5%), and to be have been in treatment before (60% vs. 49%). In contrast, males were more likely to be alcohol dependent (49% vs. 44%). Females were less likely to complete treatment (67% vs. 72%) and reported significantly more days of problems on the 6 domains of the ASI at both admission and at 60-day follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up, they were more likely to be living with someone who abused alcohol or used drugs (9% vs.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Although females comprised only 29% of the DUI treatment admissions, they were more impaired and experienced more problems than their male counterparts. The findings indicate that additional resources, including treatment for co-occurring mental health problems and living in sober households, may be keys to helping these women achieve abstinence and prevent additional DUI episodes.     

Trends in occupational hygiene in Finland

The aim of this work is to evaluate and describe the current status of, and prospects for, the future of occupational hygiene in Finland. The main sources of information include a seminar held in the annual meeting of Finnish Occupational Hygiene Society and interviews with different stakeholders. Nanotechnology and other new materials, changing work environments, circular economy including green jobs, new medical methods and advances of construction methods were recognized as future challenges. Future work opportunities for occupational hygiene experts included exposure assessments in indoor air surveys, private consulting and entrepreneurship in general, international activities and product safety issues. Unclear topics needing more attention in the future were thought to be in new exposures, sensitive persons, combined effects, skin exposures and applicability of personal protective equipment. Occupational hygiene should broaden its view; occupational hygienists should have to cooperate with other specialists and grasp new challenges.     

Violence in the workplaces in Finland

The aim of this study was to describe violence in Finnish workplaces by comparing it with leisure-time violence. The data were derived from 13,762 interviews made from a representative sample of the Finnish population in 1988. The subjects were asked to report all the violent incidents they had encountered during the previous 12 months. There were 394 victims of violence in workplaces, that is, 40.6 victims per 1,000 workers. The rate of occupational violence was almost identical for males (40.6) and females (40.5). The most hazardous occupations were prison guard, police officer, and mental health nurse. The main reasons for violence at work were related to refusal of an authority's order to go away or to the relationship between doctor or nurse and patient. A typical assailant was an unaccompanied man who was under the influence of alcohol.     

我国非煤矿山安全生产的差距

从我国非煤矿山安全生产立法、安全生产管理体制、监察执法、群众监督、宣传教育、科研、矿山企业等方面与国外矿业进行了对比分析，分析了我国非煤矿山存在的问题以及与国外的差距，最后分析了产生问题与差距的原因。     

Trends in chemical hazards in Japan

In the past, the chemical industry in Japan has been the cause of a number of major industrial accidents. Subsequent to each accident, specific lessons have been learned. These lessons learned have been implemented in terms of safety education of the employees and/or safety measures of the equipment and facilities resulting in a rapid decrease of corresponding accident frequencies. In this paper, we summarized both recent and past major accidents caused by chemical substances in fixed installations in Japan. Case studies show that runaway reactions are among the main causes of major accident occurrences in the chemical process industry in Japan. A recent fatal poisoning accident caused by H₂S gas generated during maintenance work again highlights the necessity of adequate safety management in a chemical factory. Therefore, even if hazard evaluation of chemical substances and chemical processes is necessary to prevent runaway reactions, human error is also an important factor contributing to reaction hazards [Wakakura, M. (1997) Human factor in chemical accidents, J. Safety Eng. High Press. Gas. Safety Inst. Japan, 34, 846].     

九月北京，国际盛会

第二届中国国际安全生产论坛于9月2日在人民大会堂开幕,国务委员、国务院秘书长华建敏,国家局局长王显政,国际劳工组织东亚地区局局长克里斯廷等领导参加开幕式     

在回顾中思考 在创新中发展

2008年,是中国的奥运之年,也是中国林科院建院50周年、哈尔滨林机所建所50周年、<林业劳动安全>杂志创刊20周年. <林业劳动安全>的诞生,为林业安全文化建设开辟了一片广袤的园地,为加强学术交流打开了一洞明亮的牕牖,为行业安全的发展提供了一块方正的铺路石……