道路交通噪声预测的研究进展

为评价道路交通噪声影响情况,以美国联邦公路管理局(FHWA)噪声预测模型为主,各国相继开发了基于当地实际情况的道路交通噪声预测模型,中国也以导则和规范等形式相继发布了各种交通噪声预测模型。中国进行噪声环境影响评价中,用得较多的主要有《环境影响评价技术导则声环境》(HJ 2.4—2009)、《公路建设项目环境影响评价规范》(JTG B03—2006)推荐的噪声预测模型,此外也有部分评价工作采用了德国的Cadna A软件。通过对比分析,HJ 2.4—2009的衰减及修正因素在综合考虑FH-WA噪声预测模型及JTG B03—2006基础上更加全面,而JTG B03—2006和Cadna A软件在源强和车速确定方面则均较成熟。有必要根据区域道路特点,选择适合特征区域的道路交通噪声预测模型,并结合实际情况对模型参数进行合理修正,最终形成一些可供区域参考的统一的模型修正参数,积极推动中国的声环境评价工作的发展。     

环境自动监测技术综述

环境自动监测包括大气自动监测、水质自动监测、噪声自动监测等。环境自动监测技术从技术结构上包括了自动控制技术、传感器技术、模拟与数字信号转换技术、信息编码与传输、数据库管理、信息平台发布六个部分。文中从环境自动监测的内容组成、环境自动监测技术系统构成、性能特点等方面,对国内的环境自动监测技术进行了探讨,提出了在自动监测系统建设中须注意的一些问题。     

城市商业密集区社会生活噪声监测工作的探讨

在城市商业密集区,社会生活噪声扰民是人民群众环境投诉的热点问题之一。结合近两年对同一商业密集区块的社会生活噪声监测工作实践,从噪声监测点位的布设、噪声敏感建筑物的测量、噪声测量值的修正及数据分析、标准的适用等方面进行监测工作的探讨,为社会生活噪声监测工作获得高质量、准确、合乎实际的监测结果提供启示。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收现场监测中应处理好的问题

针对建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测中存在的一些疑难问题,分别从对废水监测中,采样点位的确定和描述及采样时间的确定,清污合排总排口的情况下监测点位的确定;厂界噪声监测中,测点的选择、背景值的修正与测量、环境敏感点的监测;废气监测中,无组织废气监控点的布设、有组织废气采样方法的选择,以及燃烧性废气监测中过剩系数的影响;验收监测期间,生产工况的确定等方面进行了探讨,提出了一些解决办法。     

建设项目竣工验收噪声监测中的问题与对策

简述了噪声的危害，讨论了建设项目竣工环境保护验收中的噪声不能直接测量、有敏感点存在、背景环境较复杂的典型项目案例。为广大环境监测部门顺利开展噪声验收监测，避免因监测质量产生纠纷而提供了应对方法。     

综合环境质量的模糊二级评判

本文根据齐齐哈尔市中心城区1986年的大气、水质及噪声监测结果,应用二级综合评判法对齐齐哈尔市环境质量进行综合评价。方法灵活、简单、实用,为环境质量评价工作提供了一种新方法。     

城市交通干线车队流噪声理论模型

根据机动车辆行驶排队情况,本文提出一种等间隙、等间隔的车队流分布模型。根据声强迭加原理,从理论上推导出该模型车队流产生的噪声级以及评价,并分析了各种变化因素与车队流噪声的关系。从中探讨建立一个城市交通高峰期干线车队流噪声理论模型。该模型经过杭州市两条交通干线噪声的检验,具有一定的实用价值。     

一起噪声扰民监测案例的思考

通过一起噪声扰民监测案例，叙述了《工业企业厂界噪声》和《建筑施工场界噪声》的内涵与特征，针对特定的噪声污染现状，提出更加合理的监测方案，有助于解决噪声扰民的信访案件。     

建设项目噪声验收监测过程中的质量保证

建设项目噪声验收监测，是建设项目竣工环境保护验收的重要组成部分。为了提高噪声验收监测数据的准确性、科学性和合理性，需从工况、监测仪器、监测点位和传声器位置、监测采样周期与频次、监测现场条件、监测原始记录、背景值修正及审核制度等方面，提出一系列的质量保证措施。     

噪声“新标准”执行过程中有关问题的探讨

文中阐述了噪声新标准实施后,在实际监测过程中存在的问题。     

Predicting Potential Sound Levels : A Case Study in an Urban Area

Allowable sound pressure levels for industrial, commercial and residential sources of noise are typically governed by state and/or local noise regulations. This paper presents a six-step methodology which was successfully applied by a supermarket in Massachusetts to secure state permission to build and operate a new 52,000 square foot store. This multiple step process included baseline noise monitoring, obtaining reference sound levels of the proposed rooftop refrigeration equipment, predicting future sound levels, and recommending soundlevel mitigation techniques. Post-construction monitoring at the store verified that actual worst-case sound levels agreed with predicted values.     

从苏州航道噪声的变化谈其治理

从苏州20多年对护城河航道噪声的监测，通过数据处理和变化趋势分析，谈其航道噪声治理及对策。     

关于《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》倍频带声压级结构传播固定设备室内噪声排放限值使用的探讨

根据现行国家噪声排放标准排放限值,文中从噪声危害角度根据噪声评价曲线,论证了结构传播固定设备室内噪声等效声级排放限值与结构传播固定设备室内倍频带声压级的等效关系。     

邳州市噪声污染现状及其控制对策探讨

简要介绍了邳州市城区环境噪声区域划分情况,分析了噪声污染的来源,通过对监测结果的分析统计,提出了控制噪声污染的对策意见。     

Noise Control Legislation

The national Environmental Protection Agency is expected to issue its recommendations on noise legislation some time during the latter part of 1973. This agency will assume primary responsibility for enforcing noise limits on new products, such as vehicles, construction equipment, electrical equipment, etc. Primary responsibility for community noise control will remain with local governments. Local EPA’s, now involved in air and water pollution, will be given the additional responsibility to enforce anti-noise legislation.This legislation will cover noise emissions fromvehicles, industries, construction equipment, residential air conditioners, and power equipment, and the noises that pervade multifamily dwellings. Responsibility for controlling aircraft noise will be shared with the FAA.

The noise ratings used in this legislation must be capable of easy measurement and yet correlate well with subjective response. For most noises the decibel level read on the A-scale of a sound level meter (dBA) is adequate. For aircraft noise a more complex rating scale must be used which includes consideration of the duration of the noise and the presence of a pure tone (engine whine). For still other noises (industries, construction) some consideration must be given to the total daily exposure time of the noise, along with its dBA rating.

New community noise ordinances will draw on the research and experience associated with the present Chicago, III., ordinance. Some modifications of this ordinance are expected, however, to improve enforcement procedures and to lower vehicle noise levels, which are considered the worst of all the community noise pollutants.     

Evaluation and analysis of environmental noise pollution in the city of Erzurum, Turkey

Noise pollution and its influence on the environment and life quality of human beings is a hot topic in scientific research. A study has been carried out to determine the level of noise and its sources in the city of Erzurum located in the east of Turkey. Noise measurements were taken in the morning, at noon and in the evening to determine noise pollution all over the city, particularly motorway transportation noise. In order to determine the sensitivity of the city people to noise pollution, standard survey studies were also conducted. According to the results, the noise level in Erzurum city centre exceeded allowed values at 96 of 126 measurement points. From the measured noise values, a map of noise pollution was created for Erzurum. Proposed solutions are set out.     

苏州市区环境噪声自动监测系统简介

简要介绍了苏州市区环境噪声自动监测系统的结构及配置.     

The Value of Monitoring for Radon in the Home: A Decision Analysis

In light of the recent publicity about the adverse health effects of radon gas, many citizens and government officials are considering whether or not to monitor for radon in homes. This paper presents a formal decision analysis of the monitoring dilemma from the perspective of hypothesized homeowners. The analysis considers the costs of radon monitoring and control, the carcinogenic risks of radon exposure, the demographics of household size, and a hypothetical homeowner's knowledge of radon exposure levels—with and without the benefit of specific monitoring data. Since monitoring every home in the United States would be quite expensive, the analysis reveals some more efficient monitoring strategies that might be employed by citizens and government officials. While the paper presents a new analytic perspective in the monitoring problem, the results should not be considered definitive. Further study is necessary to clarify precisely what is known about radon exposure, health effects, and control strategies.