酸性膨润土处理含重金属废水初探

比较了膨润土及酸性膨润土处理重金属离子的性能;着重探讨了酸性膨润土去除废水中铅、镉、镍、铜、铬、锌的适宜条件;将它用于电镀废水中重金属离子的处理,效果较好。     

电镀综合废水处理新技术—高压脉冲电凝系统

高压脉冲电凝系统为当今世界新一代电化学水处理设备，对电镀含铬废水及多种混合废水中的锌、镍、铜、镉、氰化物、磷、油等物有显著的治理效果，是较理想的电镀综合废水治理新工艺，尤其对大、中型电镀行业具有很好的推广应用价值。     

污泥活性炭对复合染料的脱色及其重金属浸出毒性

用自制的污泥活性炭处理亚甲基蓝与酸性品红组成的染料废水,研究了pH、吸附时间、温度等因素对复合组分染料废水脱色率的影响,测试分析了污泥活性炭在处理亚甲基蓝与酸性品红复合组分染料废水过程中的重金属浸出毒性。结果表明:与处理单一组分染料废水相比较,处理复合染料废水时pH的影响较为复杂,2种染料在污泥活性炭上存在竞争吸附,但是污泥活性炭对复合组分染料的脱色效果较好。污泥活性炭对复合染料的吸附过程符合Langmuir型吸附。在处理染料废水的过程中,污泥活性炭中的重金属镉、锌及铬会浸出,重金属镉、锌的浸出浓度符合国家标准,但铬的浸出浓度已接近国家标准上限。     

柱生物曝气法吸附处理含铬废水

利用复合生物吸附剂FY01与活性污泥作为吸附材料,探讨了柱式生物曝气法对高浓度含铬电镀废水的生物吸附效果.研究结果表明,FY01性能稳定,耐进水pH冲击能力较强.当进水pH=2～5、流速为500 mL/h时,10 g FY01和5 g活性污泥联合处理60.4 mg/L含铬电镀废水2 h后,铬的去除率达78%以上;在4℃冰箱和23～28℃实验室保存50 d的FY01对铬的去除分别在78%～83%和77%～84%之间.柱式生物曝气吸附法对含铬废水的处理效果理想,运行稳定.串联处理2000 mL总Cr、Cu2 和COD浓度分别为60.4、4.51和48.2 mg/L的电镀废水2 h后,去除率分别高达92.1%、99.2%和71.4%.     

不同粘土处理水中重金属的性能研究

比较了膨润土、高岭土、伊利石等不同粘土对处理重金属离子的效能,探讨了３种粘土去除废水中镍、铜、锌、镉的适宜条件,并对３种粘土去除重金属离子的机理进行了初步探讨,应用于电镀废水中重金属离子的处理,效果良好。     

生物净化铬废水的生产应用

生物法治理铬废水,国外报道不多,国内尚无这方面报道。1980年我市开展生物法处理铬废水的研究实验,从实验室分离得到一株铬酸盐还原菌,它是革兰氏负反应、兼性厌氧的异养杆菌,具有较强的还原铬酸盐的特性。在实验室对含铬废水的处理取得较好效果。接着青岛一中、即墨黄家西流等电镀车间进行中间扩大试验,获     

中和/沉淀法处理含氰电镀废水的问题

在电镀废水中常见的金属离子有 Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr 和 Cd 等几种。常用的去除方法有沉淀法、氧化还原法、离子交换法和萃取法。如果溶液中的铬是六价,则必须先把它还原成三价铬。含氰废水,应该先把氰去掉。这一点目前尚未充分引起人们注意。本文就沉淀法处理含氰电镀废水的问题进行讨论。沉淀法处理重金属废水,简易、投资省、可行性也好。所用沉淀法有:氢氧化物沉淀 pH 8—11碳酸盐沉淀投加白云石粉硫化物沉淀投加 Na_2S 或 H_2S中和沉淀法的原理是控制溶液的 pH 值,使金属离子形成氢氧化物沉淀。所需 pH 值,可从金属氢氧化物的溶度积求算。     

柱生物曝气法吸附处理含铬废水

利用复合生物吸附剂FY01与活性污泥作为吸附材料，探讨了柱式生物曝气法对高浓度含铬电镀废水的生物吸附效果。研究结果表明，FY01性能稳定，耐进水pH冲击能力较强。当进水pH=2—5、流速为500mL／h时，10gFY01和5g活性污泥联合处理60．4mg／L含铬电镀废水2h后，铬的去除率达78％以上；在4℃冰箱和23—28℃实验室保存50d的FY01对铬的去除分别在78％～83％和77％-84％之间。柱式生物曝气吸附法对含铬废水的处理效果理想，运行稳定。串联处理2000mL总Cr、Cu^2＋和COD浓度分别为60．4、4．51和48．2mg／L的电镀废水2h后，去除率分别高达92．1％、99．2％和71．4％。     

电镀废水处理的闭路循环

一、概述电镀废水处理技术的发展,大体上经历了三个阶段。开始阶段(大约在五十年代以前)人们只是单纯进行废水废渣的处理,主要以氰和六价铬的无害化为目标,做到“除毒排放”。至六十年代中期,人们着手对镉     

低热值煤制备CH型净化剂及流动床式装置处理电镀含铬废水研究

随着煤炭资源大量开发,对综合利用低热值煤制备离子交换剂用于处理含重金属离子废水已引起国内外重视。本文主要介绍利用浙江当地低热值年青褐煤,研制一种能有效地处理电镀含铬废水,并根据流体力学原理,设计了流动床式的吸附铬装置,废水与净化剂以1000∶1的比例混合通过泥浆泵高速循环吸附,达到预想结果。经嵊县新明电镀厂一年来     

BM二代菌去除电镀废水中重金属离子的效果研究

BM菌是一种能够高效去除电镀废水中重金属离子的新型功能菌群,实验研究了BM二代菌对Cr6+、Ni2+的最佳去除条件,结果表明:当水温为10~30℃,pH=2,Cr6+浓度为100 mg/L,反应10 min,菌废比为1∶200时废水中Cr6+的去除率达到98%以上;当水温为10~30℃,pH=8.5,Ni2+浓度为100 mg/L,反应10 min,菌废比为1∶200时废水中Ni2+的去除率达到96%以上;在相同条件下实际电镀废水中Cr6+和Ni2+的去除率均高于99%。     

酸洗废液制取复合亚铁的研制及应用

介绍了利用酸洗废液为原料制备复合亚铁型混凝剂的新方法 ,并用制得的产品应用于电镀和印染废水治理工程。工程应用及实验结果表明 ,对含Ni2 + 、Cu2 + 和Cr6+ 的电镀废水 ,能使Ni2 + 、Cu2 + 出水浓度 <0 .1mg/L ,Cr6+ 未检出 ,还能处理数种化学镀废液。对印染废水 ,COD去除率和脱色率可分别达到 84 %和 98%以上 ,值得进一步研究和推广     

Fe/C微电解 絮凝沉淀法处理电镀废水中铜的研究

利用Fe/C微电解-絮凝沉淀法去除青岛某电子有限公司电镀废水中Cu2+。通过正交与单因素实验,考察了废水初始pH,Fe/C,Fe投加量,反应时间对Cu2+处理效果的影响。实验结果表明:在初始pH=4、Fe/C(质量)=2/1、Fe投加量=60 g/L、反应时间=60 min的实验条件下,絮凝出水Cu2+含量由641.78 mg/L降至0.32 mg/L,还原率高达99.95%,同时COD去除率23.57%。出水Cu2+含量达到山东省半岛流域水污染物综合排放Ⅰ级标准。     

螯合沉淀法处理电镀废水的工业实践

介绍了一个采用螯合沉淀法处理电镀废水的典型工业实例.在工业装置上,进行了氢氧化钠、硫化钠和DT-CR去除重金属离子效果的对比,讨论了DTCR的加入量与处理成本的关系和pH值对DTCR用量的影响.结果表明,将废水的pH值调至8.0～8.5后再加DTCR,可以使DTCR的使用量最少,处理成本最低;此法对重金属离子的去除效果远优于传统化学沉淀法.     

萃取净化电镀含镉废水

研究了二壬基萘磺酸(DNNSA)形成的微乳液从模拟含镉废水中萃取镉离子的工艺条件。分别考察了相体积比(O/A)、萃取时间、温度及萃取剂浓度对废水中镉离子萃取的影响。结果表明,萃取平衡时间为10 mim,降低温度及增加萃取剂浓度均有利于萃取。紫外光谱证实当DNNSA萃取镉时,所形成萃合物对萘环的结构无影响,且不会破坏微乳相的结构;分子荧光光谱表明镉离子对配体DNNSA有荧光猝灭作用。     

Hazardous Waste Minimization: Part IV Waste Reduction in the Metal Finishing Industry

The metal finishing industry uses over 40 production processes to produce a wide range of metal products. Waste streams generated include wastewater, waste oils, spent solvents, and spent process solutions. Currently a wide variety of techniques which minimize waste are available. Cost-effective methods to reduce electroplating wastewater contamination include water conservation and drag-out reduction, recovery and management. Ways to cost-effectively reduce the generation of spent metal-working fluids include establishing a fluid management program and installing a fluid recovery system. However, before any techniques are selected, a waste reduction survey should first be conducted.     

含重金属水处理污泥的固化和浸出毒性研究

工业危险固体废物在进行安全填埋前需要进行固化稳定处理。针对电镀厂和皮革厂含重金属的水处理污泥 ,用不同比例的水泥、粉煤灰进行固化稳定处理。考虑酸雨环境 ,浸出实验采用TCLP标准。电镀厂污泥单独固化时 ,其浸出液中铜离子浓度由 78 0mg/L下降到 1 5mg/L ;镍离子浓度由 2 2 4 5mg/L下降到 2 2 2mg/L ,高于危险废物允许进入填埋区 15mg/L的控制限值。电镀厂污泥与皮革厂污泥混合后固化 ,浸出液毒性明显降低。铜离子的浸出浓度降低到1 98mg/L ,镍离子降低到 4 10mg/L ,总铬降低到 0 4 0mg/L ,各项指标均低于国家危险废物允许进入填埋区的控制限值 ,可安全填埋。     

Influence of clay on the adsorption of heavy metals like copper and cadmium on chitosan

The influence of clay on the adsorption of heavy metals like copper and cadmium on chitosan from simulated industrial wastewater is evaluated. Chitosan–clay blend with ratio of (1:1), (1:2), and (2:1) have been prepared, and these were used as membranes to remove copper and cadmium ions from synthetic industrial wastewater. The chemical parameters for quantities of adsorption of heavy metal contamination have been done, and the kinetics of adsorption has also been carried out. Clay provides enough absorbable sites to overcome mass transfer limitations. The number of absorbable sites for cadmium is more compared to copper, and thus the rate of recovery of cadmium is faster than copper, and the percentage removal of cadmium is more than copper at all times on clay over nylon 6. This difference indicates the influence of clay in the adsorption of heavy metals in comparison to synthetic polymer nylon 6. Rate constant for first-order kinetics of adsorption, k ₁, for copper and cadmium is less than that of clay, which clearly indicates that clay, which is a natural polymer, is more kinetically favored compared to synthetic polymer. The difference in the intraparticle diffusion in both the natural and synthetic polymer is not much, and it suggests that the particle diffusion mechanism is the same in both cases. Copper and cadmium recovery is parallel at all times. The percentage of removal of copper increased with an increase in pH from 3 to 5. In the case of cadmium containing wastewater, the maximum removal of metal occurred at pH 5. The uptake amount of Cu²⁺ ions on chitosan increased rapidly with increasing the contact time from 0 to 360 min and then reaches equilibrium after 360 min, and the equilibrium constant for copper and cadmium ions are more or less the same for the adsorption reaction. There are more adsorption sites for cadmium in the presence of clay and mass transfer limitation is avoided without resorting to rotation, which is the highlight of the present work. And more so, this is pronounced in the case of natural polymer compared to synthetic polymer.     

红萍在植物治污方面的应用研究进展

植物治污是利用植物清除土壤和水中的各类污染物 ,进行环境治理。水生蕨类植物红萍具有一定的耐污能力 ,可以通过植物活体的富集作用和干体的物理吸附作用 ,从溶液中吸附多种重金属元素及通过植物挥发作用 ,将吸入的硒盐转化为挥发态。在污水中养萍可以去除COD和进行生物脱氮除磷 ,并设计出相应的养萍盘和生物稳定塘系统进行废水处理 ;利用红萍干体填充的滤柱可以用于电镀污水中一些重金属元素吸附回收。本文对红萍近年来在植物治污方面的应用和研究进行了描述和展望     

Biological nitrification/denitrification of high sodium nitrite (navy shipyard) wastewater

In the hydroblasting of ships' boiler tubes, a wastewater high in nitrite (as high as 1200 mg litre(-1)) is produced by the US Navy. This research has evaluated the use of a suspended-growth biological system to treat this wastewater by denitrification. Two biological treatment configurations were evaluated (direct denitrification versus nitrification/denitrification) with nitrification/denitrification producing better nitrite removal efficiencies (54 to 62% versus 40%, respectively). The introduction of metals (cadmium, chromium, lead, copper and iron) in concentrations typical for this wastewater did not inhibit the nitrite removal efficiencies. The influent metal concentrations ranged from 0.02 mg litre(-1) for cadmium to 22 mg litre(-1) for iron and the metal removal efficiencies ranged from 4.8% for cadmium to 50% for copper. Increasing sludge age resulted in improved nitrite removal efficiencies (52%, 57% and 74% for sludge ages of 4, 6 and 8 days, respectively). The resulting biokinetic constants were similar to those reported by others for lower influent concentrations of nitrite or nitrate (Ygs=0.02 mg/mg; Ygn=0.16 mg/mg; Yb=0.8 mg/mg; and b=0.006 h(-1)).