Biosorption of cadmium(Ⅱ) and lead(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solutions onto dried activated sludge

The removal of heavy-metal ions from aqueous solutions by using dried activated sludge has been investigated in batch systems. Effect of solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature were determined. The results of the kinetic studies showed that the uptake processes of the two metal ions（Cd（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ）） followed the pseudo-second-order rate expression. The equilibrium data fitted very well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The FT-IR analysis showed that the main mechanism of Cd（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） biosorption onto dried activated sludge was their binding with amide I group.     

Biosorption of cadmium(II) and lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto dried activated sludge

Introduction Toxic metal compounds are frequently used in industrial processes and are widely distributed in the environment. Due to their extended persistence in biological systems and tendency to bioaccumulate as they move up the food chain, they repres…     

微生物吸附剂对重金属的吸附特性

从活性污泥中分离得到5株菌,检验了它们对重金属离子的吸附能力,其中类产碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes)和藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)GC subgroup B对Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)离子吸附能力最强.考察了Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)离子分别在这2种菌体上的吸附特性研究表明,Langmuir型吸附模式能很好地描述Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)离子在这2种菌体上的吸附实验数据,其线形回归系数高达0.99,溶液pH值是影响吸附的最主要因素,pH=5～6是吸附Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)离子的适宜条件.吸附动力学实验研究表明,菌体对Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)离子的吸附可以分为迅速的细胞表面结合和缓慢的向细胞内的传输,稀HNO₃和H₂SO₄是Cu(Ⅱ)离子从Micrococcus luteus GC subgroup B菌体上有效的洗脱剂.     

Biosorption of cadmium(Ⅱ) and lead(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solutions onto dried activated sludge

The removal of heavy-metal ions from aqueous solutions by using dried activated sludge has been investigated in batch systems. Effect of solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature were determined. The results of the kinetic studies showed that the uptake processes of the two metal ions(Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ)) followed the pseudo-second-order rate expression. The equilibrium data fitted very well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The FT-IR analysis showed that the main mechanism of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) biosorption onto dried activated sludge was their binding with amide I group.     

海藻酸钠包埋活性炭与细菌的条件优化及其对Pb~(2+)的吸附特征研究

利用海藻酸钠固定化包埋活性炭与多黏类芽孢杆菌GA1,通过正交试验研究海藻酸钠溶液浓度、包炭量及包菌量吸附Pb2+的最佳配比,并研究了这种新型的固定化小球对Pb2+的吸附特征.结果表明,固定化活性炭与多黏类芽孢杆菌GA1小球最佳制备条件为海藻酸钠质量分数2.5%、包炭量1:20和包菌量1:2,在该制备条件下吸附率达到93.74%.固定化小球的最佳吸附条件为pH5、温度30℃和Pb2+初始浓度300mg·L-1,活性炭与GA1经固定后对pH、温度和Pb2+初始浓度适应范围扩大.吸附平衡曲线表明,对Pb2+的吸附在30min内是一个快速的过程,在2h时基本趋于平衡,且平衡曲线能较好地用Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型来描述,其吸附过程主要为单分子层吸附,最大单分子层吸附量为370.37mg·g-1.解吸结果表明固定化小球能有效地循环利用.     

固定化铜绿假单胞菌吸附Cu~(2+)的特性

首次利用聚丙烯酰胺与壳聚糖形成的互融聚合物网络凝胶固定非活性的铜绿假单胞菌,并研究了这种新型的固定化微生物颗粒对Cu2+的吸附特性。该固定化微生物吸附剂表现出较好的吸附性能,对Cu2+的吸附很迅速,在40min内吸附基本达到平衡。对吸附动力学及平衡的研究表明,Cu2+在固定化微生物吸附剂上的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,吸附平衡符合Langmuir模型。     

固定化活性污泥吸附重金属离子的试验研究

讨论了固定化活性污泥对重金属离子的吸附。在实验条件下 ,温度对固定化活性吸附金属的影响并不显著 ,而体系pH值和底物浓度的影响较为重要 ,固定化活性污泥对Cu2 + 的吸附符合Langmuir模型。研究了固定化细胞填充柱对各种金属离子的吸附特性和选择性 ,固定化活性污泥对Cu2 + 离子的吸附性能明显高于Cd2 + 和Zn2 + 。     

Adsorption characteristics of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium ions by tourmaline

The adsorption characteristics of heavy metals： Cu（Ⅱ）, Pb（Ⅱ）, Zn（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） ions on tourmaline were studied. Adsorption equilibrium was established. The adsorption isotherms of all the four metal ions followed well Langmuir equation. Tourmaline was found to remove heavy metal ions efficiently from aqueous solution with selectivity in the order of Pb（Ⅱ）〉Cu（Ⅱ）〉Cd（Ⅱ）〉Zn（Ⅱ）. The adsorption of metal ions by tourmaline increased with the initial concentration of metal ions increasing in the medium. Tourmaline could also increase pH value of metal solution.The maximum heavy metal ions adsorbed by tourmaline was found to be 78.86, 154.08, 67.25, and 66.67 mg/g for Cu（Ⅱ）, Pb（U）, Zn（Ⅱ） and Cd（U）, respectively. The temperature （25-55℃） had a small effect on the adsorption capacity of tourmaline. Competitive adsorption of Cu（Ⅱ）, Pb（Ⅱ）, Zn（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） ions was also studied. The adsorption capacity of tourmaline for single metal decreased in the order of Pb〉Cu〉Zn 〉Cd and inhibition dominance observed in two metal systems was Pb〉Cu, Pb〉Zn, Pb〉Cd, Cu〉Zn, Cu〉Cd, and Cd〉Zn.     

海藻酸钠包埋固定化微生物处理含油废水研究

采用海藻酸钠固定化包埋活性炭与菌Brevibacillus parabrevis Bbai-1,制备海藻酸钠-活性炭固定化微球。通过活性炭吸附前后的菌浓变化,测定了25℃时活性炭对Bbai-1的最大吸附量。采用正交试验优化了影响海藻酸钠-活性炭固定化微球的物理性质和微生物活性的4个主要因素(海藻酸钠浓度,活性炭含量,种子菌液浓度和交联时间),确定了固定化微球的最佳制备条件:海藻酸钠浓度为3.5%,活性炭含量为0.7%,种子菌液浓度为6×107 cell/mL,交联时间为24 h。并在25℃,原油含量为0.2%,固定化微球与含油培养基的体积比为3:20时,以游离菌作对比,考察了固定化微球降解原油的最佳pH和盐度。结果表明,固定化菌在pH 6~9,盐度为1.5%~3.5%时,原油降解率可达50%以上,比游离菌提高了20%,且具有较高的盐度适应能力和较宽的pH适应范围。     

固定化真菌对铅离子生物吸附的研究

采用多种固定化材料包埋枝孢霉属(Cladosporium sp.),结果表明:以一定比例混合的海藻酸钠-明胶包埋的枝孢霉小球对Pb2+具有最佳吸附效果。通过正交试验确定了固定化最优操作条件,最优条件为:菌量为10g/L,包埋剂量为1.5∶1.5,CaCl2浓度为4%,钙化时间为4h。并考察了不同因素如接触反应时间,溶液的pH,温度对生物吸附的影响。结果表明:平衡吸附的时间为3h左右,最适pH为4.0,在15℃~45℃的温度范围内,吸附量有缓慢增加,在一定的浓度范围(30~700mg/L)内,生物吸附随浓度的增加而增加,生物吸附过程较好地符合Langmuir模型。     

Biosorption characteristics of unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in loofa sponge for removal of Cr（Ⅲ）

Loofa sponge （LS） immobilized biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana （LSIBCS）, isolated from industrial wastewater, was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from aqueous solution. A comparison of the biosorption of Cr（Ⅲ） by LSIBCS and free biomass of C. sorokiniana （FBCS） from 10-300 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/L aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of 17.79% when the microalgal biomass was immobilized onto loofa sponge. Maximum biosorption capacity for LSIBCS and FBCS was found to be 69.26 and 58.80 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/g biosorbent, respectively, whereas the amount of Cr（Ⅲ） ions adsorbed onto naked LS was 4.97 mg/g. The kinetics of Cr（Ⅲ） biosorption was extremely rapid and equilibrium was established in about 15 and 20 min by LSIBCS and FBCS, respectively. The biosorption equilibrium was well defined by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The biosorption was found to be pH dependent and the maximum sorption occurred at the solution pH 4.0. Desorption studies showed that 98% of the adsorbed Cr（Ⅲ） could be desorbed with 0.1 mol/L HNO3, while other desorbing agents were less effective in the order： EDTA 〉 H2SO4 〉 CH3COOH 〉 HCl. The regenerated LSIBCS retained 92.68% of the initial Cr（Ⅲ） binding capacity up to five cycles of reuse in continuous flow-fixed bed columns. The study revealed that LSIBCS could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from wastewater.     

Biosorption characteristics of unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in loofa sponge for removal of Cr(Ⅲ)

Loofa sponge (LS) immobilized biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana (LSIBCS), isolated from industrial wastewater, was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Cr(Ⅲ) from aqueous solution. A comparison of the biosorption of Cr(Ⅲ) by LSIBCS and free biomass of C. sorokiniana (FBCS) from 10-300 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/L aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of 17.79% when the microalgal biomass was immobilized onto loofa sponge. Maximum biosorption capacity for LSIBCS and FBCS was found to be 69.26 and 58.80 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/g biosorbent, respectively, whereas the amount of Cr(Ⅲ) ions adsorbed onto naked LS was 4.97 mg/g. The kinetics of Cr(Ⅲ) biosorption was extremely rapid and equilibrium was established in about 15 and 20 min by LSIBCS and FBCS,respectively. The biosorption equilibrium was well defined by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The biosorption was found to be pH dependent and the maximum sorption occurred at the solution pH 4.0. Desorption studies showed that 98% of the adsorbed Cr(Ⅲ) could be desorbed with 0.1 mol/L HNO3, while other desorbing agents were less effective in the order: EDTA ＞ H2SO4 ＞ CH3COOH ＞ HCl. The regenerated LSIBCS retained 92.68% of the initial Cr(Ⅲ) binding capacity up to five cycles of reuse in continuous flow-fixed bed columns. The study revealed that LSIBCS could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Cr(Ⅲ) from wastewater.     

菌株Dyella ginsengisoli LA-4吸附Ni~(2+)的条件优化及特性研究

主要考察了菌株Dyella ginsengisoli LA-4对重金属Ni2+的吸附性能,同时,利用表面响应法对菌株Dyella ginsengisoli LA-4吸附Ni2+的条件(接种量、pH、Ni2+浓度等)进行了优化,并考察了其动力学及吸附等温曲线特性.实验结果表明,菌株Dyella ginsengisoli LA-4吸附Ni2+的最优条件为:接种量10.64 g.L-1,pH为6.50,Ni2+浓度为19.20 mg.L-1,此时的Ni2+最大去除率为99%.动力学分析表明,吸附平衡时间约为30 min,吸附可分为表面快速吸附和缓慢重金属积累两个阶段.利用Langmuir吸附模型能较好地描述菌株Dyella ginsengisoli LA-4对Ni2+的等温吸附行为,最大吸附量为25.81 mg.g-1.     

改性污泥灰去除废水中Cu~(2+)试验研究

测试了污泥灰的化学成分并对其进行酸化改性,考察了振荡时间、溶液pH值和反应温度对改性污泥灰去除废水中Cu2+的影响;改性污泥灰对Cu2+的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型,其对Cu2+的最大吸附容量可达7.78mg/g。     

活性污泥工艺对重金属的去除及微生物的抵抗机制

活性污泥工艺通常被用于污水厂的污染物降解和有机物稳定，但同时它还能去除重金属，当重金属的浓度需从10—100mg／L处理到＜1mg／L以下时，其更显得有效和经济。许多重金属可被活性污泥去除，去除率取决于操作条件及其物理，化学和生物的影响因子等。活性污泥细菌产生的胞外多聚糖为聚合物提供了吸附源，并在絮疑沉淀中起重要作用。不同的金属和不同的金属价态在多聚糖上的吸收结合位点不同，导致重金属去除率各不相同。在各种不同规模的活性污泥处理单元中，Fe、Cu、Cr、Pb和Zn有较高的去除率，而Ni、Mn相对较低。金属离子的存在能促使基因产生抗金属毒性的酶，对大多数重金属的抵御属于质粒编码系统，抗重金属的微生物在环境核复中将有诱人的应用前景。     

Selective adsorption of silver ions from aqueous solution using polystyrene-supported trimercaptotriazine resin

Trimercaptotriazine-functionalized polystyrene chelating resin was prepared and employed for the adsorption of Ag(I) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized according to the following techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method. The effects of initial Ag(I) concentration, contact time, solution pH and coexisting ions on the adsorption capacity of Ag(I) were systematically investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ag(I) was up to 187.1 mg/g resin at pH 0.0 and room temperature. The kinetic experiments indicated that the adsorption rate of Ag(I) onto the chelating resin was quite fast in the first 60 min and reached adsorption equilibrium after 360 min. The adsorption process can be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the equilibrium adsorption isotherm was closely fitted by the Langmuir model. Moreover, the chelating resin could selectively adsorb more Ag(I) ions than other heavy metal ions including: Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Cr(III) during competitive adsorption in the binary metal species systems, which indicated that it was a highly selective adsorbent of Ag(I) from aqueous solution.     

竞争干扰对轮叶黑藻吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的影响

沉水植物处理低浓度重金属废水是一项清洁和廉价的技术.主要研究了不同初始浓度和pH条件下,轮叶黑藻鲜样在单一、二元和三元金属离子体系中对铅离子的生物吸附特征.在单一金属离子体系中,不同pH值条件下的实验结果表明,pH值在2.0～6.0间变化时,轮叶黑藻对铅的吸附能力随pH值升高而增强,当初始铅浓度为250 mg/L和pH...     

给水厂污泥颗粒制备及对铜离子的吸附行为

将给水厂污泥和粘土以质量比1：2制备了一种新型污泥颗粒,考察其对溶液中铜离子的吸附行为.结果发现,污泥颗粒对水中铜离子具有良好的吸附效果,对铜的吸附量随时间增加而增大,180min时可达最大吸附量的85%左右,吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学方程;Langmuir等温吸附方程式可较好拟合不同温度时的吸附数据,且温度越高,平衡吸附量越大.多种重金属离子共存时,污泥颗粒仍优先吸附铜离子.pH值可显著影响污泥颗粒对铜离子的吸附,pH<5时,污泥颗粒对铜离子的吸附去除率随pH值升高而增大,pH=5时吸附去除效果最好.采用扫描电镜、红外光谱等对吸附铜离子前后的污泥颗粒进行表征,发现污泥颗粒表面粗糙、孔隙发达,含丰富表面基团,能够通过静电吸引、羟基取代和表面络合吸附铜离子.     

海洋赤潮生物原甲藻对重金属的富集机理

为了探讨海洋赤潮生物原甲藻及其藻壁多糖的重金属富集机理,用赤潮生物海洋原甲藻Prorocentrum micans活藻体和甲醛杀死的藻体分别进行重金属离子Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ag⁺、Cd²⁺的生物吸附实验.重金属生物吸附动力学研究表明,吸附过程可在30min内完成,pH对吸附的影响较大,适宜范围是5.0以上.用热水法提取的藻体多糖对上述6种离子的混合液吸附量约为藻体的5倍,比较藻体与多糖对6种离子的吸附结果可知,藻体对金属离子的吸附主要是藻壁多糖的作用,红外研究表明,-OH和-CONH₂基是吸附的活性中心.机理研究对于利用赤潮生物进行重金属废水处理、赤潮的化学治理以及研究海水中重金属离子的迁移转化规律有重要的意义.