综掘面旋流风幕抽吸控尘流场数值模拟

针对目前井下巷道内综掘工作面产尘量大,煤尘浓度高,降尘效率低的实际现状,探讨了配有附壁风筒的综掘工作面旋流风幕抽吸控尘的新型降尘方式,建立气体-粉尘颗粒两相流动的数学模型,利用Fluent对巷道流场进行数值模拟,并分析了风流扩散规律、粉尘分布规律以及影响粉尘分布规律的因素.模拟结果显示,综掘面旋流风幕抽吸控尘系统可在机掘工作面的有限空间内形成一个具有屏蔽作用的旋转风幕,将粉尘基本封闭在距掘进面0～3m的范围内.抽风口距离掘进面越近,高浓度粉尘存在范围和巷道中的粉尘浓度越小;增加抽风口个数可以提高除尘效率.     

掘进面风流监测及适应性智能调控系统研制

针对目前掘进面通风系统因无法对风流进行实时监测及适应性动态调控而造成的瓦斯与粉尘聚集严重等问题，研制出了风流监测及适应性智能调控原型系统来优化风流场分布。通过对掘进面风流监测及出风口风流适应性智能调控方法和系统实现的整体架构进行分析，基于流场相似与模化理论对掘进面进行了相似还原设计，确定了风速、瓦斯及粉尘隐患监测点位置，完成了基于ZigBee及GPRS技术的数据采集及传输架构，利用PLC控制技术实现了风流智能调控装置的动态调控，并研发了上位机系统。以柠条塔矿S1202掘进面为对象，对研制的风流监测及适应性智能调控原型系统进行了测试，结果表明：出风口距迎头5 m时，司机位置与回风侧行人呼吸带高度平均粉尘质量浓度分别降低了48.94%和34.36%,平均瓦斯体积分数降低了41.18%;出风口距迎头10 m时，司机位置与回风侧行人呼吸带高度平均粉尘质量浓度分别降低了38.04%和41.36%,平均瓦斯体积分数降低了43.02%,验证了风流适应性智能调控的可行性。     

大断面掘进压入式风筒最佳高度的数值模拟

为了确定大断面掘进工作面压入式风筒的最佳安设高度,采用数值模拟方法分别模拟了风筒中心距底板6 m、4.5 m、3 m、2 m以及风筒安设于洞室顶部时,通风20 min后爆破炮烟(CO)的稀释效果,并求解了各种风筒布置情况下不同断面的通风死区比例。结果表明,通风排烟效果最差的情况为风筒固定于侧帮距底板6 m时,其次为风筒固定于侧帮距底板4.5 m时,再次为风筒固定于顶部中央时,风筒固定于侧帮距底板2 m时CO在巷道内的呼吸带高度沿程浓度分布与风筒距底板3 m时差别不大,但风筒中心距底板2 m时容易造成掘进工作面上隅角炮烟和粉尘的积聚。因此,大断面掘进工作面压入风筒最佳安设高度为3 m。     

气液两相混合发泡降尘新技术的研究与应用

气液两相混合发泡降尘新技术采用压力水、发泡剂、压缩风流经发泡器进行物理发泡进行降尘,技术兼容了水雾与化学抑尘的特点,降尘效率更高.通过设计气液两相混合发泡降尘工艺,制备出了高性能的泡沫,然后通过在尘源周围布置多个泡沫喷头,利用喷头良好的扩散性能将尘源包裹,达到了降尘的目的.现场测试结果表明:在司机侧气液两相混合发泡降尘时全尘浓度由原来的1103mg/m3降低为308.8 mg/m3,呼吸性粉尘由原来的596mg/m3降低为149mg/m3,降尘效率分别为72.4％和75.2％,分别是外喷雾降尘效率的2.52倍和3.08倍,降尘效果非常明显,同时,气液两相混合发泡降尘成本较低,约占总投入的1.8％-2.2％,经济性明显,具有广阔的实用推广性.     

金属矿山掘进巷道新型通风除尘系统研究与应用

为了减少掘进巷道的粉尘危害,以某金属矿掘进工作面为研究对象,经过现场调研和理论分析,研究开发了1种适合掘进巷道的新型通风除尘系统。介绍了新型通风除尘系统的结构和工作原理,并将该通风除尘系统应用于掘进巷道的粉尘治理,对该系统在掘进巷道的应用效果进行现场测定。研究结果表明:该通风除尘系统将压风筒布置在巷道中心位置的顶部,抽风筒布置在巷道两侧的呼吸带高度,使得掘进工作面的风流位置控制在1.5 m之下,保障了作业人员的职业健康。系统的湿式除尘风机对掘进巷道粉尘除尘效率达到了91%以上,彻底解决了掘进巷道粉尘污染问题。同时该系统能够实现按需通风除尘,净化后的风流可以循环利用,节能效果显著,在金属矿山掘进巷道生产系统具有较好的应用前景。     

岩巷综掘工作面泡沫除尘技术研究

在截割头割岩产尘机理和泡沫除尘机理的指导下,通过实验开发了发泡剂和泡沫除尘设备,经过现场实验验证,泡沫开启前后回风中全尘平均质量浓度分别为442.79 mg/m3和112.29 mg/m3,泡沫平均除尘效率为74.64%;泡沫开启前后回风中呼吸性粉尘平均质量浓度分别为151.29 mg/m3和23.87 mg/m3,泡沫平均除尘效率为84.22%。     

掘进工作面可调控双锥形一体化泡沫降尘装置的实验研究

为解决掘进时粉尘浓度高、能见度低的问题,达到改善作业环境并减少对工作人员危害的目的。运用流体力学的涡流和射流原理,研发出可调控双锥形一体化泡沫降尘装置,通过多次模拟实验确定其最佳的技术原理、设计结构及操作方法。凭借系统调节部件设计气-液二相控制面板,实现对气液比的调节与监控。实验表明:通过对阀门的调节,泡沫降尘过程中可以实现气液比的调控,能够产生连续、均匀的泡沫,发泡剂最佳浓度为2.5%,泡沫回收装置能有效的回收积液。全尘、呼尘降尘效率分别达到93.4%和90.2%,起到全面立体控尘的效果。该装置能够对矿井综掘面高效降尘,成泡量与粒径准确控制,实现不同矿井不同粒度尘源的控制。     

综掘面尘源位置对负压抽风口位置的影响

为探究综掘机配套抽风口位置对巷道除尘效果的影响,利用FLUENT软件建立综掘巷道相似几何模型,开展粉尘从不同尘源位置释放时,压入式通风系统和综掘机配套抽尘系统的流场及粉尘场模拟研究。结果表明:综掘工作面压入式通风系统的粉尘扩散范围在距工作面1～2 m处;综掘机配套抽尘口位置在距工作面1 m时的风流特征最利于除尘且此时各个尘源位置巷道内的粉尘均得到明显改善;当采用综掘机配套抽尘技术后,综掘工作面各个尘源释放粉尘时,巷道内的总体粉尘质量浓度都得到降低,平均除尘效率在80%以上,最高可达93%,可以很好地满足煤矿井下的降尘要求。     

综放工作面顶板随采式专用排瓦斯巷布置研究

确定合理的专用排瓦斯巷参数是确保能否高效治理综放工作面瓦斯积聚及上隅角瓦斯超限现象的关键。结合五阳煤矿7605工作面的实际情况,采用瓦斯运移规律、矿压理论、矿井通风等理论及FLAC3D数值模拟软件,对专用排瓦斯巷的合理层位、距离回风巷的水平距离、巷道断面面积等参数进行了研究。结果表明,专用排瓦斯巷适合布置在岩层垮落带的中下部,距离回风巷的水平距离受巷道等效半径影响,巷道断面面积由通风能力和掘进工程量决定,7605工作面专用排瓦斯巷的3个参数分别为距煤层顶板2.65~6.75 m、距离回风巷水平距离约15 m、巷道断面面积7 m~2。现场应用表明,工作面回采期间瓦斯体积分数维持在0.3%左右,上隅角瓦斯体积分数未发生超限,瓦排巷与工作面连通顺畅,瓦斯治理效果显著。     

巷道湿喷作业风流-粉尘运移规律的数值模拟

为了解决巷道湿喷混凝土作业粉尘污染问题,针对巷道湿喷作业现场的风流场和颗粒场特点,采用κ-ε模型并运用气固两相流理论建立了巷道湿喷作业风流-粉尘运移的数学模型,利用Fluent软件进行了数值模拟,通过与现场实测数据对比,发现模拟结果与实测数据相吻合.结果表明,湿喷产尘口下风侧0～6m区域聚集了大量的高质量浓度粉尘云团,基本扩散至整个巷道断面,最低质量浓度高达12 mg/m3,湿喷产尘口下风侧6 m以后,高质量浓度粉尘云团消失,粉尘逐渐向巷道其他区域分散运移,但局部粉尘质量浓度依然高达30 mg/m3,直至湿喷口下风侧16.4 m以后,粉尘质量浓度迅速降低至3 mg/m3以下.由此提出了“湿喷作业粉尘三区理论”,并提出将参与搅拌、上料等作业程序的设备和人员布置在“可接受粉尘区”为最佳.     

Experimental investigations on the performance of a new design of foaming agent adding device used for dust control in underground coal mines

In order to overcome the drawbacks of foam technology for controlling mine dust, an original design of foaming agent adding device was introduced, and its performance was investigated experimentally under different working flows and outlet pressures, and compared to the conventional jet adding device. The results show that the new design of the foaming agent adding device has a reasonable cavity negative pressure, does not produce cavitations, and has a lower inlet pressure demand with less pressure loss. Furthermore, it can add foaming agent at 0.5%–1.0% and regulate the proportions at this low ratio range continuously and stably, which significantly reduces the cost of controlling dust with foam. In addition, it decreases electric energy consumption and simplifies the foam system with no need for extra boosters. Besides, its effect on suppressing mine dust was investigated in the field via dust sample collections, and the results show that this new device is as effective at dust suppression as the conventional one. Therefore, it is believed that this study laid an important foundation for the widespread application of foam technology for dust control in underground coal mines.     

Experimental investigation of the pressure gradient of a new spiral mesh foam generator

Foam is used as part of an effective dust suppression method in underground coal mines, but conventional foaming devices severely restrict its popularization and application due to the high cost of foam preparation, poor applicability and high pressure loss. Therefore, a new spiral mesh foam generator is designed, and its performance is investigated and evaluated experimentally. The results show that the pressure gradient of the spiral mesh foam generator increases with the increase of foam concentration in water. There is a large pressure gradient gap between the top and bottom at both ends of the foam generator. However, the gap disappears and uniform foam is generated in the middle section of the foam generator. When the pressure gradient is higher than minimum pressure gradient, the foam production quantity will increase sharply. Based on the length of spiral mesh and operating conditions determined, the new foam generator is applied to produce foam for dust suppression in the heading face of coal mines. A good foaming effect, less pressure loss and high dust suppression efficiency suggest that the new foam generator will greatly promote the large-scale application of foam technology used to suppress dust in underground coal mines.     

Optimization and implementation of a foam system to suppress dust in coal mine excavation face

Foam technology is more efficient than water sprays for dust control in coal mines, but the traditional foam system is complex and poses problems related to foam production and spraying application, with high water consumption, unstable equipment and relatively low utilization efficiency of foam. This paper describes an optimized foam system which overcomes these disadvantages. The proposed foam generator has a self-suction unit that uses a turbulent-flow water jet to automatically draw in ambient air and foaming agent, thereby eliminating the need for compressed-air hoses and pipes. As well as simplifying the system, it solves the current problem of water backflow created by high-pressure compressed air. A refined foam spraying structure was developed for use in conjunction with an operating roadheader as it produces and diffuses dust. The structure consists of foam distribution supports and arc-fan nozzles. It can produce a more focused, continuous and uniform coverage at the source of the dust. The optimized system consumes less water and foaming agent, and achieves greater dust-suppression efficiency than methods in current use.     

露天矿山运输路面泡沫抑尘剂的配方优选及性能试验研究*

为有效解决露天矿山运输路面的大量扬尘,针对现有抑尘剂存在的降解性差、成本较高、保水率差、除尘效率过低等问题,在对某露天矿山的扬尘进行表征分析的基础上,采用绿色表面活性剂烷基糖苷0.1%APG作为主剂、0.6%K12作为起泡剂、0.4%PAM作为稳泡剂、0.3%LAS作为润湿剂,通过测定泡沫的表面张力、泡沫体积、粉尘接触角、粉尘浸润深度确定各试剂的最佳质量分数,初步确定6个泡沫抑尘剂配方,选择保水率、抗风蚀性、抑尘效率作为性能指标,结果表明:配方为m(0.6%K12)∶m(0.1%APG)∶m(0.4%PAM)∶m(0.3%LAS)=1.05∶1∶0.6∶0.1的保水性、抗压强度、抗风蚀性均优于其他配方,全尘与呼吸性粉尘的抑尘效率分别高达87.11%,75.26%,经pH测试,符合绿色环保的要求。     

煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度影响因素分析

为了掌握煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度变化的影响因素,根据气固两相流理论,针对矿井掘进工作面的特点,采用计算流体力学的离散相模型（DPM）考察了掘进巷道风速、风筒直径、风筒出风口到掘进工作面距离以及风筒的悬挂高度对粉尘浓度变化的影响。结果发现：当掘进巷道风速为0.25-4 m/s时,提高巷道内的通风风速,可以降低巷道内的粉尘浓度,缩短呼吸性粉尘浓度达到稳定的时间,减小工作面粉尘的危害;有利于通风除尘的风筒相关参数为风筒直径0.4-0.6 m、风筒出风口到掘进工作面距离6-7 m、风筒悬挂高度2.0-2.2 m。     

Experimental study on advantages of foam–sol in coal dust control

In China, more than 2.65 million coal mine workers are exposed to coal dust. Every year, new pneumoconiosis cases amount to 25,000, among which 6000 cases die of this disease. The figure is twice the death toll in production safety accidents. Occupational diseases seriously endanger life and health of coal mine workers, and restrict the healthy growth of the coal industry.The paper presented a study of foam–sol-based coal dust control. This was an experimental study of characteristics of foam–sol-based coal dust control, which features dust capture, suppression, and isolation. Comparative wettability experiments were carried out to determine contact angles of water, aqueous foam, and foam–sol solution. A new foam–sol generating system with a conical diffuser outlet was proposed.The experiment results clearly showed that the foam–sol features dust capture, suppression, and isolation. The wettability of the aqueous foam solution was better than the foam–sol solution, but the foam–sol technology had the better ability to capture the airborne dust, suppress the static dust and enclose the dust source, due to the excellent surface viscosity, strong cohesiveness and less volatile property. The paper concluded that the foam–sol could greatly improve the dust control efficiency and did not have main deficiencies that the aqueous foam technology had.     

综掘工作面气水联动除尘装置影响因素及应用效果分析

为掌握气水联动除尘装置影响因素及现场除尘效果,以便更好应用于现场实际。基于煤矿综掘工作面长压短抽通风控除尘系统,利用数值仿真和正交实验设计分析方法,系统研究除尘装置叶片参数、进风量和进风口位置等因素对除尘效果的影响规律。研究结果表明：叶片安装角为40°,扭转角为4°时,除尘器入口处负压值和进风量最大,而吸风口距工作面5 m、吸风量≥300 m³/min时的除尘效果较好。控除尘系统采用气水联动除尘装置后,各测点全尘除尘效率提高了40.8%～55.4%,呼吸性粉尘除尘效率提高了31.4%～41.3%,应用效果良好。     

矿用湿式引射除尘器的应用研究

针对目前煤矿井下钻孔工作面粉尘浓度高和降尘效率低的现状,提出了湿式引射除尘技术,分析其基本原理和性能特点。分别进行了钻孔风力排渣气体流量测量试验和湿式引射降尘试验。前者得出了压气压力和钻孔深度的变化关系式以及钻孔过程中所需处理的含尘气体量。降尘试验表明,湿式引射除尘技术对全尘和呼吸性粉尘都有很好的降尘效果。     

Numerical study on dust movement and dust distribution for hybrid ventilation system in a laneway of coal mine

Coal dust disaster is the most serious problem in a laneway of coal mine. Dust movement regularity for comprehensive mechanized heading face is the key scientific issues for the principle and technology of dust prevention. The special topic on systematic study of the variation regularity of dust movement and dust distribution is presented with hybrid ventilation for the comprehensive mechanized heading face: Euler–Euler method was firstly established on the numerical platform for gas–solid two phase flow in a laneway. And the forces and the dynamic model of dust particles were performed in three-dimensional flow field. Then based on the visible simulations, the movement characteristics of diffusion, sedimentation and accumulation of dust particles were investigated under the action of the complex air flow, and the spatiotemporal variation of dust distribution was studied with hybrid ventilation system. Meanwhile, the obtained dust distribution regularities were compared with the obtainable experimental results. Finally, selected method on different ventilation patterns for dust control was brought out for the heading face according to the gained regularity. The research results is helpful for further understanding of the essence of dust movement with air flow, which could provide more suitable guidance for the principle of dust control and technology of ventilation.     

输煤巷道通风排尘特征参数数值模拟优化研究

针对输煤巷道煤炭运输过程中煤尘污染问题,利用数值模拟的方法,对不同风速下的煤尘颗粒运移规律、巷道底板沉积煤尘粒子扬尘规律进行模拟。通过对两种模拟结果进行对比分析,确定在一般干燥巷道中排尘风速以1.5～2.7 m/s为宜,既有利于粒径小于24μm的煤尘颗粒排出井外,也有利于粒径大于24μm的煤尘颗粒沉降;并且风速+带速不超过4m/s为宜,可以把粒径小于30μm的煤尘颗粒排出井外,很好地起到风流稀释作用。并与现场实测结果进行对比,结论基本一致。