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以铅锌尾矿和CRT玻璃固体废弃物为主要原料,采用烧结法制备微晶玻璃材料.为确定基础玻璃的成分,以及尾矿、CRT玻璃及各化工原料的用料比例,设计了正交实验;研究了CaO,Al2O3,MgO等氧化物添加量对微晶玻璃结构及性能的影响规律.通过差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析方法,考察了微晶玻璃产品的晶相、晶体形貌特征及性能.结果表明:利用铅锌尾矿、CRT玻璃废弃物制备微晶玻璃的最佳配方为:尾矿20%、CRT玻璃30%、添加辅料石英砂29.7%、方解石25%、Al2O3 12%、晶核剂TiO2 1%.SEM和XRD分析可知,微晶玻璃的主晶相为透辉石;打磨抛光处理后,平均显微硬度为8.76 GPa,平均抗折强度为223.1MPa;经酸、碱浸蚀后,质量变化分别为0.43%和0.58%,耐酸碱腐蚀性良好. 相似文献
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黄磷生产三废的综合利用我厂以黄磷为龙头产品,采用电炉法每生产1t黄磷,排出废气2700-3000万m ̄3(含CO约90%)、废渣8-10t(主要成份为硅酸钙),在废水的处理过程中还会排出大量的磷泥。这些废物如直接排放,既污染环境又浪费了资源。我厂科技... 相似文献
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1.概述黄磷渣是电炉法生产黄磷过程中排放的固体废弃物。过去小部分销售给水泥厂作水泥掺合剂生产硅酸盐水泥,大部分用作建筑材料,其利用价值不高。1988年,南化公司在中国科学院南京土壤研究所协助下,利用黄磷渣生产硅钙肥,并在江苏省江宁县、溧阳县等地的水稻田进行肥效试验,结果表明:施用硅钙肥,水稻生长早发,分蘖快而稳,叶面积增加,茎杆粗壮,并能提高光合作用和抗病能力,还可提早抽穗,成熟期提 相似文献
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在黄磷生产过程中,每生产1吨黄磷,约产生0.5吨磷泥。这些磷泥的处理,一直是我国黄磷生产中的一大难题。本文介绍国内外处理磷泥的主要方法,以供参考。 相似文献
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王元荪 《再生资源与循环经济》2008,1(11):45-45
用废旧循环回收玻璃粉末作为填充物的乙烯基聚合粘合物;废显像管碎玻璃专用清洗设备;废显像管碎玻璃清洗剂及其制备方法;利用废碎啤酒瓶生产无气孔微晶玻璃板材的原料配方及其制备方法;用废玻璃制作的微晶玻璃板;利用废旧荧光灯管制备泡沫玻璃的方法。 相似文献
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《再生资源与循环经济》2017,(8)
重点介绍了炉渣中的铝铬渣、铬铁渣、钒铁渣制备耐火材料工艺技术及应用,其广泛用于有色冶金炉窑的工作衬,使用效果好。同时分别介绍了利用钛铁渣、硼铁渣、高炉渣、钢渣、富硼渣、铝渣、铝灰、黄磷渣、气化炉渣、石化工业催化剂渣生产耐火材料。炉渣数量大,种类多,深入研究,以期使更多炉渣用做耐火材料。 相似文献
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Concentrations and total quantity of cadmium (Cd), cupper (Cu),lead (Pb) and zink (Zn) were determined in biomass and soil compartments in a replicated tree species experiment with 27-yr-old stands growing on former farmland in N.E. Sweden. Sequentialextractions of soil samples were performed in order to estimate the exchangeable and an organically bound fraction of each element. The tree species included were Picea abies (L.)H. Karst., Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus contorta Dougl., Larix sibirica Ledeb., and Betula pendula Roth.Tree species influenced the rate of removal of Cu, Pb and Zn incase of stemwood harvesting, and of Cd, Cu and Zn in the case ofwhole-tree harvesting. B. pendula and P. abies had higher quantities and average concentrations of Zn in the biomass. For all species, >50% of the Zn in the stems was found in the bark. P. abies and L. sibirica had higher quantities of Cu in the biomass than the other species.P. abies and P. contorta had high quantities of Cd inthe biomass in relation to the other species. Branches and stembark contained high concentrations of Cd and Pb in relation to foliage and stemwood. Dead branches had especially high concentrations of Pb. The high accumulation rate of Zn in thebiomass of B. pendula was related to a low exchangeable amount of Zn in the A horizon. In the superficial centimeters ofthe A horizon, a depletion similar to that found for Zn was detected for Cu, whereas for Cd and Pb, no correlations were found between quantities of elements in the trees and element pools in the soil. 相似文献
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George Ice Liz Dent Josh Robben Pete Cafferata Jeff Light Brian Sugden Terry Cundy 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(1):143-169
The major forest nonpoint source control programs in the West are largely regulatory, either under forest practices acts (California, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington) or a streamside management act (Montana). These programs and the specific rules they enforce continue to undergo intensive scrutiny. Still, the questions are the same for these regulatory programs as for states that base nonpoint source control on voluntary BMPs (Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming). Are the rules or BMPs being applied, and are they effective in reducing nonpoint source pollution to levels that protect beneficial uses of water? The level of debate about forestry in the West has resulted in detailed monitoring and research to answer these questions. In the past, state agencies have assumed levels of BMP compliance based on the percent of operations without enforcement actions. These estimates are being replaced by statistically valid and reproducible monitoring of forest practices rules and BMP compliance levels. BMP effectiveness is being assessed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. This can involve field assessments, process-based research, and control watershed studies. Some trend monitoring is also beginning. With the regional implementation rate for forestry BMPs at about 94% and rising, it is likely that effectiveness testing will continue to be a priority and consume the majority of assessment resources for this region. 相似文献
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Hysteresis in Reversal of Central European Mountain Lakes from Atmospheric Acidification 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kopáček Jiří StuchlÍk Evžen Veselý Josef Schaumburg Jochen Anderson Iris C. Fott Jan Hejzlar Josef Vrba Jaroslav 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(2):91-114
Extremely high emissions of S and N compounds in Central Europe (both 280 mmol m-2 yr-1) declined by 70and 35%, respectively, during the last decade. Decreaseddeposition rates of SO4
-2, NO3
-, and NH4
+ in the region paralleled emission declines. The reduction in atmospheric inputs of S and N to mountain ecosystemshas resulted in a pronounced reversal of acidification in the Tatra Mountains and Bohemian Forest lakes. Between the 1987–1990and 1997–1999 periods, concentrations of SO4
-2 and NO3
- decreased (average ± standard deviation) by 22±7 and 12±7 mol L-1, respectively, in theTatra Mountains, and by 19±7 and 15±10 mol L-1, respectively, in the Bohemian Forest. Their decrease was compensated in part (1) by a decrease in Ca2+ + Mg2+ (17±7 mol L-1) and H+ (4±6 mol L-1), and an increase in HCO3
-(10±10 mol L-1) in the Tatra Mountains lakes, and (2) by a decrease in Al (7±4 mol L-1), Ca2+ + Mg2+ (9±6 mol L-1), and H+ (6±5 mol L-1), in Bohemian Forest lakes. Despite the rapid decline in lake water concentrations of SO4
-2 and NO3
- in response to reduced S and N emissions, their present concentrations in some lakes are higher than predictionsbased on observed concentrations at comparable emission rates during development of acidification. This hysteresis in chemical reversal from acidification has delayed biological recovery of the lakes. The only unequivocal sign of biological recovery hasbeen observed in erné Lake (Bohemian Forest) where a cladoceran species Ceriodaphnia quadrangular has recentlyreached its pre-acidification abundance. 相似文献
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Stuchlík E. Appleby P. Bitušík P. Curtis C. Fott J. Kopáček J. Pražáková M. Rose N. Strunecký O. Wright R. F. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(2):127-138
Starolesnianske pleso is a small and shallow acid lake in the High Tatra Mountains, situated at 2000 m above sea level, on granitic bedrock, with sparse and thin soil cover. When detailed measurements began in the 1980s Starolesnianske pleso had pH below 5 and only one species of cladoceran zooplankton, the ubiquitous Chydorus sphaericusPalaeolimnological investigations show changes in cladoceran zooplankton and chironomid zoobenthic assemblages since about 1920 and a major change in 1970–1980. The dynamic acidification model MAGIC was used to reconstruct changes in water chemistry over the past 150 years. The results from MAGIC agree well with the sediment record; pH levels gradually decreased from 6.5 in the mid-1800s to about 5.6 in 1920 (first response in biota) to below 5.0 by 1970, and concentrations of inorganic aluminium rose dramatically beginning about 1960. In the 1990s the lake water chemistry showed clear signs of reversal in acidification brought about by a major decline in S deposition. 相似文献
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The removal of a mixture of heavy (toxic) metal cations (copper, nickeland zinc) from liquid effluents was investigated in this study at pilotscale, using counter-current contact mode. The innovative processinvolved the abstraction of metal ions onto fungal biosorbents, followedby the application of flotation for the subsequent solid/liquid separationof biomass particles. The ability of microorganisms to remove metal ionsfrom aqueous solutions is a well-known phenomenon. Nevertheless,engineering considerations are very important in decisions, concerningthe commercial future of biosorption and practical solutions are neededfor certain problems, such as the efficient post-separation ofmetal-loaded biomass. The two processes (flotation and biosorption) caneffectively operate in combination, in what it was termed biosorptiveflotation process. The sorbents may be recycled, after appropriate elutionof metals, as well as the treated (clean) water. 相似文献
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C. L. Swanson R. L. Shogren G. F. Fanta S. H. Imam 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1993,1(2):155-166
Recent starch-plastic research at the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research is reviewed and related worldwide efforts are noted. Properties of starch that influence its formulation and performance in plastics are discussed. Methods are given for preparation of starch-poly(methyl acrylate) graft copolymer, starch-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid), and starch-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid)-polyethylene plastics. Their physical properties are discussed, as is degradability by enzymes or amylolytic organisms from soil, ponds, and streams.The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. 相似文献
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Application of Cellulose Microfibrils in Polymer Nanocomposites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cellulose microfibrils obtained by the acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibers were added at low concentrations (2–10% w/w) to polymer gels and films as reinforcing agents. Significant changes in mechanical properties, especially maximum load and tensile strength, were obtained for fibrils derived from several cellulosic sources, including cotton, softwood, and bacterial cellulose. For extruded starch plastics, the addition of cotton-derived microfibrils at 10.3% (w/w) concentration increased Young’s modulus by 5-fold relative to a control sample with no cellulose reinforcement. Preliminary data suggests that shear alignment significantly improves tensile strength. Addition of microfibrils does not always change mechanical properties in a predictable direction. Whereas tensile strength and modulus were shown to increase during addition of microfibrils to an extruded starch thermoplastic and a cast latex film, these parameters decreased when microfibrils were added to a starch–pectin blend, implying that complex interactions are involved in the application of these reinforcing agents. 相似文献
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During recent decades heathlands havechanged into grasslands in regions with high atmosphericnitrogen deposition. In regions with intermediatedeposition level (e.g., Denmark) changes have been lesspronounced which may be due to delay or decrease inresponse of the ecosystem. The mor layer (O horizon) mayplay an important role for this delay due to high sinkstrength for N. In this study, the capacity for netNH4
+ immobilization and mineralization wasstudied during short- and long-term incubations (2–36 days)of mor samples from Danish dry inland heaths. High short-term capacity for net NH4
+ immobilization wasfound to be a general characteristic of Danish heath morlayers both under heather (Calluna vulgaris) andcrowberry (Empetrum nigrum ssp nigrum), the latterdominating late stages in heathland succession. The netNH4
+ immobilization was higher under youngcompared to old or dead vegetation, and higher on lessnutrient poor soils than on extremely nutrient poor soils.The addition of N, P and C stimulated CO2 productionand net NH4
+ immobilization, but not net Nmineralization. The immobilization of 15NH4
+caused release of dissolved organic N, increased N anddecreased C/N ratio in the microbial biomass, and indicatedgrowth of microorganisms with other metabolic abilitiesthan the indigenous population. No evidence was obtained ofstabilization of immobilized 15NH4
+ intosoil organic matter during the experiment. On background ofthe results and current knowledge it was concluded that therecognition of the high capacity for net NH4
+immobilization in mor layers does not allow for a raiseof critical loads for N for northern dry inland heaths. 相似文献
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Bioassessment of silvicultural impacts in streams and wetlands of the Eastern United States 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John J. Hutchens Jr. Darold P. Batzer Elizabeth Reese 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(1):37-53
Bioassessment is a useful tool to determine the impact of logging practices on the biological integrity of streams and wetlands. Measuring biota directly has an intuitive appeal for impact assessment, and biota can be superior indicators to physical or chemical characteristics because they can reflect cumulative impacts over time. Logging can affect stream and wetland biota by increasing sedimentation rates, altering hydrologic, thermal, and chemical regimes, and changing the base of food webs. Biotic impacts of logging on streams compared to wetlands probably differ, and in this paper we review some of those differences. In streams, invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, algae, and macrophytes have been used as indicators of logging impacts. In wetlands, bioassessment is just beginning to be used, and plants and birds are the most promising indicator taxa. Various best management practices (BMPs) have been developed to reduce the impacts of logging on stream and wetland biota, and we review quantitative studies that have evaluated the efficacy of some of these techniques in streams and wetlands in the eastern United States. Remarkably few studies that address the overall efficacy of BMPs in limiting biotic changes in streams and wetlands after BMP implementation have been published in scientific journals, although some work exists in reports or is unpublished. We review these works, and compile conclusions about BMP efficacy for biota from this body of research. 相似文献