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1.
The phenoxyalkyl acid derivative herbicides MCPA (4-chloro 2-methylphenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) were oxidized in ultrapure water by means of a monochromatic UV irradiation and by ozone, as well as by the combinations UV/H2O2 and O3/H2O2. In the direct photolysis of MCPA, the quantum yield at 20 degrees C was directly evaluated and a value of 0.150 mol Eins(-1) was obtained in the pH range 5-9, while a lower value of 0.41 x 10(-2) mol Eins(-1) was determined at pH=3. Similarly, for 2,4-D a value of 0.81 x 10(-2) mol Eins(-1) was deduced, independent of the pH of work. The influence of the additional presence of hydrogen peroxide was established in the combined process UV/H2O2, and the specific contribution of the radical pathway to the global photo-degradation was evaluated. The oxidation by ozone and by the combination O3/H2O2 was also studied, with the determination of the rate constants for the reactions of both herbicides with ozone and hydroxyl radicals at 20 degrees C. These rate constants for the direct reactions with ozone were 47.7 and 21.9 M(-1) s(-1) for MCPA and 2,4-D respectively, while the found values for the rate constants corresponding to the radical reactions were 6.6 x 10(9) and 5.1 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1). 相似文献
2.
采用UV/H2O2工艺去除水体中的喹诺酮类抗生素环丙沙星(CIP)。考察了溶液pH值、H2O2投加量以及水体基质对环丙沙星降解效率的影响,分析了降解产物的生成情况。研究表明,环丙沙星的降解符合拟一级反应动力学模型。降解速率受溶液pH值的影响,酸性及中性条件,有利于环丙沙星的降解。H2O2投加量的增大,使得降解速率逐渐增大,但速率增幅逐渐变缓;最佳H2O2/环丙沙星摩尔比为2 000。实际水体中存在的NOM、NO3-,促进了单独UV作用下,环丙沙星的降解。水体中的.OH焠灭剂,抑制了UV/H2O2联合作用下,环丙沙星的降解;实际水体中的光解速率常数低于超纯水中的光解速率常数。GC-MS分析表明,UV/H2O2工艺,使环丙沙星氧化降解生成氨基乙酸、丙二酸、丙三醇和对苯二甲酸等小分子有机物。 相似文献
3.
采用O3/H2O2/UV工艺处理1,2,4-三氯苯(TCB)模拟废水,考察了TCB初始浓度、pH、H2O2投加量及O3转化率等因素对O3/H2O2/UV降解TCB的影响,推断了TCB可能的降解途径。结果表明:(1)H2O2、O3、UV、O3/H2O2、O3/H2O2/UV 5种体系对TCB的降解效果为H2O2相似文献
4.
The influence of various reaction parameters on herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) removal were examined in the photo/ferrioxalate/H(2)O(2) system, with regard to: (1) sulfate, phosphate, and z.rad;OH scavenger, as solution constituent; and (2) light intensity, ferrioxalate, H(2)O(2), and oxalate concentration, as operating parameter. In terms of 2,4-D removal, the photo/ferrioxalate/H(2)O(2) system has always been superior to the photo/Ferric ion/H(2)O(2) system, despite the high presence of anions (sulfate 100 mM, phosphate 1 mM) or z.rad;OH scavenger. Not only the rate of 2,4-D removal, but also the decomposition rate of H(2)O(2) and oxalate proportionally increase with light intensity. The ferrioxalate concentration determines the light absorption fraction, and thus, controls the rates of 2,4-D removal, and the decomposition of H(2)O(2) and oxalate, are predicted from kinetic formulations. The optimal concentration of H(2)O(2) and oxalate, according to the extent of the z.rad;OH scavenging reaction with these reagents, has been demonstrated for 2,4-D removal. It was found that an increasing oxalate concentration, which bears the burden of increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC), does not occur. This is because its decomposition, as a result of the photochemical reduction of the ferric oxalate complex, results in a decrease of the equivalent DOC. The importance of the key reaction factors to be considered, when applying this system to real wastewater treatment, is also discussed. 相似文献
5.
为减少饮用水氯化消毒过程中产生的含氮消毒副产物溴氯乙腈(BCAN),降低其潜在的致癌风险,分别采用臭氧(O3)、双氧水(H2O2)和紫外光(UV)及其联合工艺,考察了不同试验条件下BCAN的降解效果及影响因素,并探讨了其降解机制和动力学规律。结果表明,O3、H2O2和UV工艺对BCAN降解效果都不理想,UV/H2O2和UV/H2O2/O3联合工艺可以较有效地降解水中的BCAN。在BCAN初始质量浓度为20μg/L、紫外光强为31μW/cm2、H2O2质量浓度为40 mg/L、O3质量浓度为7.9mg/L条件下,反应进行120min后,UV/H2O2联合工艺与UV/H2O2/O3联合工艺对BCAN的降解率分别为77.50%、94.05%。UV/H2O2/O3联合工艺对BCAN的降解效果比UV/H2O2联合工艺更好,UV/H2O2和UV/H2O2/O3联合工艺降解BCAN均符合一级反应动力学规律。 相似文献
6.
含镍电镀废水中酒石酸的存在,使得废水中总镍无法通过化学沉淀法去除,无法满足达标排放要求。采用UV/H2O2光降解法处理酒石酸镍体系废水,考察了不同反应pH值、过氧化氢投加量、光照时间对酒石酸镍体系络合废水的处理效果。实验结果表明:UV/H2O2法对酒石酸镍体系废水有很好的协同处理效果,光降解过程呈拟一级动力学过程;优化的酒石酸镍废水处理工艺为反应pH值3.0,30%过氧化氢投加量2 mL·L-1,15 W功率紫外灯光照下反应120 min,在优化的工艺条件下,采用化学沉淀法去除水中镍,处理后电镀废水中总镍可满足《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB 21900-2008)中0.5 mg·L-1要求。 相似文献
7.
采用O3/UV工艺预处理磺酰脲类除草剂生产废水,考察了初始pH值、臭氧投量、叔丁醇投加等因素对废水处理效果的影响,并初步探讨了该工艺处理废水的反应机理。实验结果表明,在废水初始pH为13.59和臭氧投量为65.08mg/min的条件下,预处理80min后废水COD去除率达63.47%,BOD5/COD由0.03提高至0.56,EC50从11%提高至55%。随着叔丁醇浓度的增加,废水COD去除率明显降低,证明该反应体系有·OH存在;体系中加入MnO2后废水COD去除率下降了16%,氧化效率明显下降,证明该反应体系内中间产物HO2O在O3/UV降解有机废水过程中起到了重要的作用。 相似文献
8.
研究了UV/H2O2工艺对2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)的去除效果和水中阴离子、腐殖酸对该工艺降解2,4-DCP的影响.结果表明:UV/H2O2工艺可以有效地去除水中2,4-DCP,光降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型;在H2O2投加量为8 mg/L、1个30 W低压汞灯照射下,2,4-DCP在蒸馏水和自来水中反应速率常数分别为0.023 2、0.016 2 min-1;NO-3、Cl-、HCO-3对2,4-DCP光降解有抑制作用,当3种阴离子摩尔浓度为0.5、10.0、20.0 mmol/L时,对2,4-DCP光降解的抑制程度为HCO-3>NO-3>Cl-;腐殖酸在低浓度时,促进光降解反应进行,在高浓度时,2,4-DCP的光降解受到抑制.自来水中的反应速率常数低于蒸馏水中的反应速率常数是由于水中多种阴离子和腐殖酸影响的结果. 相似文献
9.
采用硼氢化钠还原法制备核-壳结构的Fe-FeOxH2x-3复合材料,研究了富里酸在UV/H2O2和UV/H2O2/Fe-FeOxH2x-3两种不同反应体系下的降解情况。结果表明,核-壳结构Fe-FeOxH2x-3的存在,提高了UV/H2O2降解富里酸的反应速率,TOC去除达到84%。采用XAD树脂吸附法对反应前后的富里酸进行化学分级表征,结果表明,富里酸经反应后憎水酸(HoA)、弱憎水酸(WHoA)和憎水中性物质(HoN)都有所减少,进而转化为亲水性物质(HiM);用超滤膜法对富里酸进行物理分级表征,考察了富里酸在反应前后分子量分布的变化情况。同时,富里酸经过反应后生成的中间产物降低了三氯甲烷生成趋势。 相似文献
10.
Simultaneous effect of inorganic anions, such as chloride and bicarbonate ions, on the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals (HO*) in the H2O2/UV process is the focus of this paper. The model compound of n-chlorobutane (BuCl) was used as the probe of HO*. By changing the pH conditions (2-9) and the concentrations of NaCl (0.25-2500 mM) and NaHCO3 (25 mM), the variation of HO* concentrations and the rate of H2O2 decomposition were compared. In general, the BuCl and H2O2 follow closely the first-order reaction within the first 10 and 40 min, respectively. In the presence of chloride alone at the pH range of 2-6, the HO* concentration in the reaction mixture increases with the increase of pH, and the HO* concentration at pH = 6 is 100 times of that at pH = 2. Including bicarbonate species in the solution, the peak HO* concentration was found at a certain pH, which shifts from 4, 5, to 5-7, as the molar ratios of chloride/bicarbonate species increase from 1 to 100. In addition, without bicarbonate species HO* concentration decreases significantly with increasing chloride concentration but remained rather unchanged beyond 1250 mM. In contrast, the HO* scavenging in the presence of bicarbonate species became relatively significant only when the chloride concentration reached beyond 250 mM. Throughout all experiments of different water quality conditions, the H2O2 decomposition rate remains rather unchanged. 相似文献
11.
A theoretical and experimental study of bisphenol A (BPA) degradation by the UV/H2O2 process in water is presented. The effects of the H2O2 concentration and the specific rate of photon emission (EP,0) on BPA degradation were investigated. A kinetic model derived from a reaction sequence was employed to predict BPA and hydrogen peroxide concentrations over time using an annular photochemical reactor in batch recirculation mode. The local volumetric rate of photon absorption (LVRPA) inside the photoreactor was computed using a Line Source with Parallel Plane emission model (LSPP). From the proposed kinetic model and the experimental data, the second order rate constants of the reactions between hydroxyl radicals and the main reacting species (H2O2 and BPA) were estimated applying a nonlinear regression method. A good agreement between the kinetic model and experimental data, for a wide range of operating conditions, was obtained. For BPA, H2O2, and TOC concentrations, the calculated root means square errors (RMSE) were 2.3?×?10??2, 9.8?×?10??1, and 9.0?×?10??2 mmol L??1, respectively. The simplified kinetic model presented in this work can be directly applied to scaling-up and reactor design, since the estimated kinetic constants are independent of the reactor size, shape, and configuration. Further experiments were made by employing low BPA initial concentration (100 μg L??1) in water and real wastewater. A lower degradation rate of BPA was observed in the real wastewater, although the UV/H2O2 process has also been able to completely degrade the target pollutant in less than 1 h. 相似文献
12.
The degradation of atrazine in aqueous solution by UV or UV/H 2O 2 processes, and the toxic effects of the degradation products were explored. The mineralization of atrazine was not observed in the UV irradiation process, resulting in the production of hydroxyatrazine (OIET) as the final product. In the UV/H 2O 2 process, the final product was ammeline (OAAT), which was obtained by two different pathways of reaction: dechlorination followed by hydroxylation, and the de-alkylation of atrazine. The by-products of the reaction of dechlorination followed by hydroxylation were OIET and hydroxydeethyl atrazine (OIAT), and those of de-alkylation were deisopropyl atrazine (CEAT), deethyl atrazine (CIAT), and deethyldeisopropyl atrazine (CAAT). OIAT and OAAT appeared to be quite stable in the degradation of atrazine by the UV/H 2O 2 process. In a toxicity test using Daphnia magna, the acute toxic unit (TUa) was less than 1 of TUa (100/EC 50, %) in the UV/H 2O 2 process after 30 min of reaction time, while 1.2 to 1.3 of TUa was observed in the UV process. The TUa values of atrazine and the degradation products have the following decreasing order: OIET> Atrazine> CEAT≈CIAT> CAAT. OIAT and OAAT did not show any toxic effects. 相似文献
13.
Photochemical degradation of fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water by UV and UV/H 2O 2 were investigated. The degradation rate of CIP was affected by pH, H 2O 2 dosage, as well as the presence of other inorganic components. The optimized pH value and H 2O 2 concentration were 7.0 and 5 mM. Carbonate and nitrate both impeded CIP degradation. According to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis, four and 16 products were identified in UV and UV/H 2O 2 system, respectively. Proposed degradation pathways suggest that reactions including the piperazinyl substituent, quinolone moiety, and cyclopropyl group lead to the photochemical degradation of CIP. Toxicity of products assessed by Vibrio qinghaiensis demonstrated that UV/H 2O 2 process was more capable on controlling the toxicity of intermediates in CIP degradation than UV process. 相似文献
14.
The present paper aims at presenting a kinetic model that is supposed to result in the decomposition of methylparaben in completely mixed batch reactor (CMBR) using the UV/H 2O 2 process. The proposed model incorporates photochemical, chemical reactions and their constant rates to formulate the overall kinetic rate expressions which are integrated into MATLAB. Thus, the changes in pH values during the process of oxidation are taken into consideration. In addition, the effects of hydrogen peroxide (HP) dosage, as well as the concentration of hydroxyl radicals, are examined. Accordingly, the pseudo-first-order rate constant, its variation as functions of HP concentration, incident UV-light intensity and the limitations of the adopted approach are discussed. In line with that, the authors provided evidence of the validity of the kinetic model through the exposure of previous experimental studies as reported in the literature review then through the evidence of the present experimental data. 相似文献
15.
Bisphenol A (BPA; 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol) is a substance typically used in the plastic industry. It is used in the production of epoxy resins, polycarbonate, or fire retardants or as a stabilizer and an antioxidant in numerous types of plastics. Bisphenol A is introduced into the environment via municipal and industrial wastewater. Because of its hydrophobic properties, BPA has the potential for sorption on activated sludge during the biological wastewater treatment processes. This study investigated the degradation of BPA by means of UV-radiation and in the UV/H2O2 process with the presence and absence of hydrocarbonate ions (HCO3(-)) as hydroxyl radicals (OH*) scavengers. The calculated value of quantum yield was equal to 0.18, and the value of BPA rate constant with hydroxyl radicals was equal to 3.3 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1). 相似文献
16.
The photocatalytic degradation of imazethapyr, a herbicide of the imidazolinone family, was investigated in an aqueous suspension of titanium dioxide used as a catalyst. A pseudo-first order kinetic model was employed to discuss the results. The effect of catalyst loading, initial concentration of imazethapyr, hydrogen peroxide, pH value, and temperature were investigated. Imazethapyr disappearance as a function of irradiation time was analyzed by HPLC. The ammonium ion formation was determined spectrophotometrically at 694 nm. The degradation was observed to proceed more favorably at natural pH (ca. 4.4) when the pH was varied in the range from 2 to 11. The addition of hydrogen peroxide to the TiO2 suspension enhanced the degradation rate constant up to 5.0x10(-3) mol l-1, but decreased it at higher concentrations. The degradation rate constants decreased by 19% with a temperature increase from 20 to 40 degrees C in the TiO2 suspension, whereas a 16% increase in imazethapyr direct photolysis was observed for the same temperature range. This behavior indicates the occurrence of physisorption between TiO2 and imazethapyr molecules. 相似文献
17.
主要叙述TiO2/H2O2/UV和TiO2/O3/UV体系降解对氯苯甲酸(4-CBA)和喹啉的试验研究.研究表明,(1)在TiO2/H2O2/UV体系里目标物降解速度先随过氧化氢投加量的增加而提高,但超过一定浓度之后便开始下降;(2)在TiO2/O3/UV体系中,目标降解物的反应速度都非常快,且臭氧浓度高的时候降解速度更快;(3)二氧化钛催化剂在TiO2/O3/UV体系中作为积极因素有助于提高反应速率,而在TiO2/H2O2/UV体系是消极因素,会降低反应速率. 相似文献
18.
主要叙述TiO2/H2O2/UV和TiO2/O3/UV体系降解对氯苯甲酸(4-CBA)和喹啉的试验研究.研究表明,(1)在TiO2/H2O2/UV体系里目标物降解速度先随过氧化氢投加量的增加而提高,但超过一定浓度之后便开始下降;(2)在TiO2/O3/UV体系中,目标降解物的反应速度都非常快,且臭氧浓度高的时候降解速度更快;(3)二氧化钛催化剂在TiO2/O3/UV体系中作为积极因素有助于提高反应速率,而在TiO2/H2O2/UV体系是消极因素,会降低反应速率. 相似文献
19.
对UV/草酸铁/H2O2法处理乙草胺废水进行研究,考察了H2O2浓度、FeSO4浓度、K2C2O4浓度、pH值及反应时间对乙草胺去除效果的影响.结果表明,当H2O2/FeSO4/K2C2O4(化学剂量数比)=5051,H2O2/乙草胺初始COD(质量浓度比)=31时,该技术对乙草胺的去除率可达85%以上.这表明,采用UV/草酸铁/H2O2法可以有效地处理含乙草胺废水. 相似文献
20.
研究了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)在UV/H2O2/草酸铁络合物体系中的光降解.结果表明,UV/H2O2/草酸铁络合物能有效地光解DBP;在pH值为4时,DBP光解速率最快,中性和碱性条件下光解效率降低;DBP的光解速率随H2O2浓度的升高而增大,但H2O2浓度较大时,其对·OH的清除作用使DBP的光解速率减慢;[Fe3 ]/[C2O42]<1/10,DBP光解速率随Fe3 浓度增大明显提高,[Fe3 ]/[C2O42]>1/10时,引起DBP光解速率的增加不明显. 相似文献
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