植物在 CO_2中生长会出现失调

人们曾经希望大气中的二氧化碳浓度升高会提高植物的生长率。但是,巴西南卡罗利纳大学的生物学家指出,这样会增加昆虫的饲料食量而使植物的生长失调。在试验大豆在三种二氧化碳浓度——350ppm(现在的二氧化碳水平)、500ppm 和     

天津市主要交通道口二氧化硫和氮氧化物的监测与分析研究

随着经济的增长与城市化的扩张,交通堵塞及机动车气体排放导致的城市道路交通性污染日益严重,成为国家主要的环境问题[1].以天津为例,我们选择了具有代表性的四个交通路口.采用连续监测的方法,对空气中的主要交通性污染物氮氧化物和二氧化硫的含量进行了监测分析.结果表明,海光寺氮氧化物污染最严重;其中二氧化硫浓度变化较为平稳通常,氮氧化物波动较大,车流量增加氮氧化物浓度增加,但是车流量与二氧化硫浓度影响较小.距离交通路口越远,氮氧化物的浓度越低.     

临安市大气中二氧化硫污染现状及环境容量测算研究

根据2011年-2015年的监测数据分析了临安市大气中二氧化硫污染现状,并利用"A值法"测算大气中二氧化硫的最大环境容量.结果表明,能源消耗中,原煤占60%以上;大气中二氧化硫日均浓度范围为0~73μg/m3,年均排放量呈现下降趋势;1月份和12月份二氧化硫的浓度较高,7月份和8月份浓度较低.全市二氧化硫环境容量为12.21万吨,城区环境容量为2.96万吨.     

长春市区SO2浓度垂直分布特征及成因分析

文章结合长春市污染源情况和气象因素，通过实测长春市区低空不同高度的二氧化硫浓度，初步探讨了二氧化硫的垂直分布特征是：随着高度的增加二氧化硫的浓度避渐降低，但在低空其变化不十分明显。     

丛枝菌根真菌对稀土尾矿中大豆生长和稀土元素吸收的影响

采用温室盆栽试验的方法,研究了接种丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌Glomus versiforme对稀土尾矿上大豆(Glycine max)生长、矿质营养吸收、C∶N∶P生态化学计量比、重金属和稀土元素吸收的影响,旨在为稀土尾矿废弃地的生态重建和植被恢复提供基础依据.结果表明,AM真菌G.versiforme与大豆成功建立了互惠共生关系,具有较高的菌根侵染率,平均为67%.接种G.versiforme显著增加了大豆植株地上部和根部的干重,显著提高了大豆植株中P和K的含量,降低了C∶N∶P计量比,符合生长速率假设.接种G.versiforme显著降低了大豆地上部Fe和Cr的浓度,增加了根部Cd的浓度,未显著影响其它重金属的浓度;同时,显著降低了大豆植株地上部和根部轻稀土元素La、Ce、Pr和Nd的浓度.试验初步证明AM真菌对于大豆适应稀土尾矿复合逆境,以及在稀土尾矿上重建植被具有潜在的作用,应进一步验证自然条件下AM真菌的作用潜力.     

新型污染源气体采样器

在对锅炉排气进行二氧化硫浓度测试中,常碰到测试结果不准的问题。例如,在进行湿法除尘器进、出口二氧化硫的测试时,常发现出口浓度比进口浓度高出很多,有时出口浓度开始为零,随着采样次数的增加,出口二氧化硫浓度逐次增高,这种现象在每次采样时间续持10分钟以内时特别明显。产生这种现象的原因,一是排气中所含的水     

冬季供暖对北京市空气质量影响的效应测算

冬季,北京市雾霾天气尤其严重,直观上与冬季供暖燃煤量增加不无关系。尝试在函数型数据视角下,将冬季供暖对空气质量的影响效应作量化分析。首先,通过二氧化硫(SO_2)浓度的日变动曲线,将供暖季与非供暖季作比较,得到冬季供暖的逐点微观影响效应;然后,通过描绘二氧化硫浓度的周变动曲线,得到供暖季二氧化硫浓度昼夜整体偏高,非供暖季二氧化硫浓度呈现周期波动,冬季供暖改变了二氧化硫浓度的周期变化规律。     

能源植物修复镉污染土壤对根际细菌网络结构的影响

选取油脂类能源植物大豆和碳水化合物类能源植物玉米,采用高通量测序方法研究大豆、玉米修复Cd污染土壤过程中根际土壤细菌群落组成,基于高通量测序数据采用分子生态网络分析细菌相互作用.结果表明,50 mg·kg-1Cd污染土壤中两种植物根部Cd浓度和积累量最高,转移系数TF分别为玉米0.78和大豆0.35.基于细菌16S r RNA基因的群落分析表明,大豆、玉米根际土壤细菌主要包括Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门)31个门细菌组成,大豆、玉米种植均能影响土壤细菌群落组成,能影响Candidate division TM7 norank、Acidimicrobiales norank、Sphingomonas等丰度.分子生态网络分析表明种植大豆和玉米增加了细菌之间的相互作用,导致其网络结构更为复杂,关键细菌从不种植物处理的1个增加到种植大豆的6个和种植玉米的10个.     

城市主要大气污染物与呼吸系统疾病相关性浅析

根据监测资料得出，杭州市区大气中瓢法，二氧化硫、氮氧化物等浓度逐年略有上升的趋势。根据相同年份病谱分析，死于呼吸系统疾病的人数也相应增加，即呈正相关，其中，二氧化硫影响较大，提出了防治大气中二氧化硫污染的对策。     

基于RBFNN的催化再生烟气二氧化硫浓度预测研究

为了提前掌握催化裂化再生烟气中二氧化硫的排放浓度,有效动态指导烟气脱硫设施运行参数调节,研究开展了RBF和BP神经网络在催化裂化再生烟气二氧化硫浓度预测中的应用。通过业务和数据分析,确定了影响再生烟气二氧化硫浓度的工艺特征变量。利用2组采用不同方法清洗的数据,对比分析了RBF和BP神经网络模型在提前15 min情况下,预测再生器出口二氧化硫排放浓度的效果,结果表明2种模型的预测精度分别为90.36%和86.43%。RBF神经网络二氧化硫浓度预测模型经过400个工业样本测试,浓度预测值的最大误差为14.01 mg/m³,最小误差为0.05 mg/m³,平均误差为6.08 mg/m³,满足企业现场应用的要求。     

SO2污染的次生作用--促进粘虫的生长

将3龄幼虫接种在暴露于低浓度SO_2的小麦植株上自由取食12d,研究SO_2污染对粘虫生长的影响;对照组小麦用经过活性炭过滤的空气处理。结果表明,随着SO_2浓度升高,幼虫历期逐渐缩短,幼虫期的平均相对生长速率依次增大。用人工饲料进行的类似试验结果,排除了SO_2污染直接促进粘虫生长的可能性。根据对食料植物水解氨基酸含量的测定结果,可以假设在非污染条件下生长的麦叶中,蛋氨酸和精氨酸含量偏低使粘虫处于亚最适生长状态,SO_2污染增加了食料中这两种限制性氨基酸的浓度,导致幼虫转入最佳生长状态。     

A novel role for proline in plant floral nectars

Plants offer metabolically rich floral nectar to attract visiting pollinators. The composition of nectar includes not only sugars, but also amino acids. We have examined the amino acid content of the nectar of ornamental tobacco and found that it is extremely rich (2 mM) in proline. Because insect pollinators preferentially utilize proline during the initial phases of insect flight and can reportedly taste proline, we determined whether honeybees showed a preference for synthetic nectars rich in proline. We therefore established an insect preference test and found that honeybees indeed prefer nectars rich in the amino acid proline. To determine whether this was a general phenomenon, we also examined the nectars of two insect-pollinated wild perennial species of soybean. These species also showed high levels of proline in their nectars demonstrating that plants often produce proline-rich floral nectar. Because insects such as honeybees prefer proline-rich nectars, we hypothesize that some plants offer proline-rich nectars as a mechanism to attract visiting pollinators.     

汞对小麦幼苗生长和过氧化物酶同工酶的影响

过氧化物酶对植物的生长发育起着重要作用,对不良环境条件的反应也十分敏感。不少学者研究了不良因素对植物过氧化物酶活性及其同工酶谱的影响,证明在逆境条件下过氧化物酶活性常常增强,同工酶谱发生变化;但也有人认为没有影响。在汞作用下,小麦植株体内发生了一系列生理生化变化,但未见汞对小麦幼苗过氧化物酶同工酶影响的系统报道。     

我国"九五"期间环评火电项目SO2控制分析

从我国"九五"期间新建、改建、扩建的83个燃煤火电项目的环境影响评价报告书中取得相关数据,采取实证研究的办法,对这些项目的SO2控制情况进行分析.结果表明:这83个项目中有87%的计划装机容量使用含硫量小于1%的低硫煤;大于31%的计划装机容量采取了脱硫措施.从国家鼓励的增产不增污的效果来看,自1997年起,区域内实现增产不增污的项目比例较高,达到60%以上,2000年达到了100%.同时,火电厂内实现增产不增污的项目比例也逐年上升.可以看出"九五"期间提出的有关新建火电厂的SO2控制政策在环境影响评价这一阶段得到了很好的执行.提出在今后的SO2控制政策设计中要注意浓度控制和总量控制的政策协调性.      

燃煤电厂脱硫现状及展望

介绍了我国目前燃煤电厂SO2控制技术发展现状及存在的制约因素，并针对这些制约因素提出了一些建议。     

Effects of lanthanum（Ⅲ） on nitrogen metabolism of soybean seedlings under elevated UV-B radiation

The hydroponic culture experiments of soybean bean seedlings were conducted to investigate the effect of lanthanum(La)on nitrogen metabolism under two different levels of elevated UV-B radiation(UV-B,280-320 nm).The whole process of nitrogen metabolism involves uptake and transport of nitrate,nitrate assimilation,ammonium assimilation,amino acid biosynthesis,and protein synthesis. Compared with the control,UV-B radiation with the intensity of low level 0.15 W/m~2 and high level 0.45 W/m~2 significantly affected the whole nitrogen metabolism in soybean seedlings(p<0.05).It restricted uptake and transport of NO_3~-,inhibited activity of some key nitrogen-metabolism-related enzymes,such as:nitrate reductase(NR)to the nitrate reduction,glutamine systhetase(GS)and glutamine synthase(GOGAT)to the ammonia assimilation,while it increased the content of free amino acids and decreased that of soluble protein as well.The damage effect of high level of UV-B radiation on nitrogen metabolism was greater than that of low level. And UV-B radiation promoted the activity of the anti-adversity enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH),which reduced the toxicity of excess ammonia in plant.After pretreatment with the optimum concentration of La(20 mg/L),La could increase the activity of NR, GS,GOGAT,and GDH,and ammonia assimilation,but decrease nitrate and ammonia accumulation.In conclusion,La could relieve the damage effect of UV-B radiation on plant by regulating nitrogen metabolism process,and its alleviating effect under low level was better than that under the high one.     

燃煤二氧化硫排放量的回归测算模型

利用方差分析和多元线性回归分析的方法研究了二氧化硫排放量与原煤中可燃硫和不可燃硫含量的关系,建立了燃煤二氧化硫排放量的回归测算模型,并以山东省火电厂为例进行数值模拟.结果显示,所建回归测算模型模拟精度高,效果好,是二氧化硫排放量测算方法的重大改进.     

Gangba sheep in the Tibetan plateau: Validating their unique meat quality and grazing factor analysis

Gangba sheep are known for having typical sensory characteristics attributed to free range conditions and grazing on wild plants. The genuine Gangba mutton was selected as the experimental group, and the commercial Tibetan mutton was selected as the control group, the nutritive composition of basic chemical components, amino acids and fatty acids in mutton were investigated to correlate its unique meat quality and eating satisfaction. The results showed that fatty acids were significantly higher (P<0.05) in Gangba mutton than in commercial mutton, and the higher content of flavoring amino acids (glutamic acid and aspartame) were primarily responsible for the taste attributes umami of meat juices. Moreover, the trace elements analysis in mutton and grazing factors (forage, water source and soil) were conducted, to explain the source of essential trace elements in mutton. The concentrations of essential trace elements show that the Gangba mutton was a valuable source for highly available Cu and Zn in human nutrition, and well managed with few detected of toxicity metal. The concentrations of essential trace elements in mutton are closely related to the trace elements in environmental grazing factors. In conclusion, the congenital grazing conditions (a highly mineralized water resource, natural forages and clean soils) were shown to contribute to the unique meat characteristics of Gangba sheep.     

The effects of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress

Salicylic acid （SA） was an essential component of the plant resistance to pathogens and also plays an important role in mediating plant response to some abiotic stress. The possible effects of SA on the growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress were studied. When rice seedlings grown in nutrient solution containing Pb^2＋ （0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25 mmol/L） for 18 d, the plant biomass as well as the chlorophyll content of leaves decreased with increasing Pb concentration. The pre-treatment with SA （treated with 0.1 mmol/L SA for 48 h before Pb stress） partially protected seedlings from Pb toxicity. The chlorophyll contents were significant higher in leaves of Pb-exposed with SA pre-treatment seedlings than in Pb-exposed plants at the same Pb intensity. SA pre-treated alone could significantly increase the length of shoot and root of seedlings but the vigour difference was not marked under long-term exposure to Pb toxicity. SA pre-treated influence the H2O2 level in leaves of seedlings by up-regulating the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, repressing the activity of catalase （CAT） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） depending on the concentrations of Pb^2＋ in the growth medium. The results supported the conclusion that SA played a positive role in rice seedlings against Pb toxicity.     

西安市二氧化硫减排与环境空气质量相关性分析

历年环境统计数据和环境监测数据表明,2006年以来西安市二氧化硫排放量大幅下降,空气中二氧化硫浓度也呈下降趋势,空气质量有所改善,但由于减排措施实施的区域和力度的差异,不同典型监测点位二氧化硫浓度变化情况不尽相同,与我国北方其他省会城市相比,二氧化硫排放量虽然降幅较大,但城市空气中二氧化硫浓度降幅偏小,且工业减排量占总减排量的比例相对较小,因此,今后应高度关注二氧化硫减排工作中存在的问题,不断完善环境管理,多渠道多途径全面提升城市环境空气质量。