原尾蜥虎（Henidactylus bowringii）雄性生殖周期的研究

对福州产的原尾蜥虎（Ｈｅｍｉｄａｃｔｙｌｕｓ ｂｏｗｒｉｎｇｉｉ）雄性生殖周期的研究结果表明：１０月份精子发生开始新的周期性复生,精原细胞发育进入增期,中旬曲细精管除精原细胞外尚有较多的初级精母细胞;１１月初已有较多的工细胞精管管腔中开始出现少量的精子;１２月份,生精活动非常活跃,输精管始见有成熟的精子,１２月下旬进入冬眠期,成熟的精子释放到输精管中过冬,冬眠期间生精活动趋于停滞,表现为曲细精管管     

日本沼虾三种细胞器在精子发生过程中变化的研究

应用透射电镜技术，研究了日本沼虾在精子发生过程中线粒体、溶酶体及内质网的变化．从精原细胞到精子，生精细胞内线粒体数量逐渐增多，结构渐趋复杂化，并形成衍生物，参与精子顶体的形成．溶酶体从初级溶酶体逐渐形成次级溶酶体，其中包括包裹溶酶体及溶噬体；部分溶酶体构成精子顶体的一部分．精子发生的全过程中，未见典型的粗面内质网（ＲＥＲ），仅见泡状粗面内质网（ＶＲＥＲ）；滑面内质网只在精原细胞期出现．支持细胞的作用包括两个方面：一为支持作用，使生精细胞有一个适宜的发育场所；二为营养作用，为生精细胞的发育提供足够的物质和能量．     

饲养雄性棘胸蛙生理常数及精巢的年周期变化

研究了饲养雄性棘胸蛙 4项生理常数以及精巢的年周期变化 .结果表明 :肥满度、躯体肥满度、肝系数、脂肪体系数的年周期变化明显 ,与生殖周期密切相关 ,最小值都出现于蛙的两次繁殖高峰期 .精巢周期开始于 9月份后期 ,冬眠期间 (10月至翌年 3月 )生精活动比较平缓 ,但并未停滞 ,4月份生精活动活跃 ,5月份达到高峰 ;第二次生精活动开始于 6月份 ,8月份达到高峰期 .图 4图版 1表 2参 14     

Reproductive biology of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria fuscogilva in the Solomon Islands

 Reproduction of Holothuria fuscogilva (Selenka, 1867) in the Solomon Islands was investigated over a 4 yr period (1994 to 1998) by macroscopic and microscopic examination of the gonad tubules, the gonad index (GI) method, histological examination of gametogenesis, and spawning-induction trials. The gonad consisted of numerous tubules that dominated the coelom of gravid specimens. New tubules appeared in March, and grew in size and extent of branching until they reached their maximum size and maturity in August. Spawning occurred from August to October, with the majority of gametes released during October, although it was only partial in many individuals. After spawning, the tubules appeared wrinkled and resorbed into the gonad basis. A five-stage gonad maturity scale based on the macroscopic appearance of the gonad tubules corresponded with discrete stages of gametogenesis identified by histology. Gametogenesis was initiated in mid-March, with oogenesis and spermatogenesis occurring in parallel, followed by the growing stage (May to July) which was marked by active gamete development. Successful induction of spawning during the breeding period corroborated the GI and histological data. The uniform growth of gonad tubules indicated that H. fuscogilva in the Solomon Islands does not conform to the progressive tubule recruitment model described for other holothurians. An important application of this study is that the appearance of gonad tubules, removed by biopsy, can be used to determine the gonad condition of wild adults or captive broodstock. Received: 28 June 1999 / Accepted: 8 March 2000     

Effect of FSH and LH on testis during nonbreeding season in Calotes versicolor (Daud.)

Histological and biochemical studies carried out on the male reproductive organs of the Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor after the treatment with pituitary gonadotrophins (FSH and LH), showed a significant increase in the weight, protein content and diameter of testis, but decrease in its cholesterol. The spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids increased significantly in the germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubule, and spermatozoa appeared in its lumen. The Leydig and Sertoli cells were hypertrophied with increase in their nuclear diameter. The epidymal weight, diameter and protein content also increased after gonadotrophins treatment. There was a significant decrease in the testicular cholesterol indicating the utilization of cholesterol for steroid hormone synthesis. The combined gonadotrophin (FSH + LH) treatment was more effective than the individual gonadotrophin treatment.     

Histological investigation of the reproductive cycles of the limpets <Emphasis Type="Italic">Patella </Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">vulgata</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Patella ulyssiponensis</Emphasis>

This study devised a staging system for, and monitored, the gonad development of the limpet species Patella vulgata and Patella ulyssiponensis on the South West coast of Ireland using histological techniques. Maturation began in the males of both species in January and in the females it began in March. There was no statistical difference in gonad development between sexes and between species. Spawning in the male P. vulgata occurred from September to December 2003 and in September and October 2004. In female P. vulgata spawning occurred from October to December 2003, no spawning of females was observed in 2004. In male P. ulyssiponensis spawning occurred in November and December 2003 and from September 2004 to December 2004. Spawning was observed from November 2003 to January 2004 and in September 2004 in female P. ulyssiponensis. Sex ratios also varied between the species and between months sampled. Nevertheless more males were observed in both species.     

Reproduction of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in the Solomon Islands

Over a 3-year period (1996-1998), reproduction of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1833) was investigated in the Solomon Islands to determine the spawning pattern and whether gametogenesis is continuous or seasonal. The gonad consisted of a single cohort of tubules that developed uniformly. Macroscopic examination of the gonads revealed that mature gametes were present throughout the year. Individuals with gonads at different stages of maturity were present in most samples. Partly spawned gonads were prevalent in females, whereas mature gonads were prevalent in males. The time at which the peak gonad index was recorded differed among years. Although gametogenesis was continuous, with a potential for prolonged gamete release, a period of enhanced spawning occurred during the dry season, from September to December. Maximum gonad indices were reached prior to and during this period of enhanced spawning. Histology revealed that gametogenesis reinitiated in partly spawned gonads, resulting in the presence of gametes at different stages of development in the gonad. The uniform growth of gonad tubules indicated that H. scabra does not conform to the progressive tubule recruitment model described for holothurian oogenesis. Continuous reproduction in H. scabra and prolonged availability of mature gametes would facilitate use of this species for aquaculture.     

Vertical distribution, population structure and life cycle of Neocalanus cristatus (Crustacea: Copepoda) in the Oyashio region, with notes on its regional variations

Vertical distribution and population structure of Neocalanus cristatus were investigated at Site H in the Oyashio region from September 1996 through October 1997 to evaluate their life cycle mode. Additional temporary samplings were also made at several stations covering the entire subarctic Pacific, Okhotsk Sea and Japan Sea, as a basis for regional comparison of life cycles of this species. At Site H, N. cristatus spawned throughout the year below 500 m depth, with a peak from October to December. The resulting eggs and nauplii floated/migrated upward, and formed an abundance peak of Copepodite Stage 1 (C1) in the surface layer in February. In the surface layer, the C1 developed and reached C5 by early June through a phytoplankton bloom which occurred in mid-March to end of June. The C5 migrated to deeper layers in July and August, where they molted to adults. Apparently, the developmental time from C5 to adults was highly variable (>1 month), and some might overwinter. The life cycle of N. cristatus appeared to be annual for the major portion of the population. Taking into account sampling season, temporal changes in vertical distribution and population structure data collected from regions other than Site H, there was a close correlation in the timing of the life cycle over the entire subarctic Pacific, but the reproduction season (April to June) was observed to be different in the Okhotsk and Japan Sea populations. Regional comparison of prosome length of C5 individuals, including those in the Bering Sea, indicated significantly larger sizes of specimens from the Japan Sea and Okhotsk Sea, as compared with those from the entire subarctic Pacific. Possible causes for regional variability in life cycle patterns and body sizes are discussed. Received: 18 December 1998 / Accepted: 19 April 1999     

Seasonal reproductive biology of the egg-carrying calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus marinus in a eutrophic inlet of the Inland Sea of Japan

In situ egg production of the egg-carrying calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus marinus was investigated in Fukuyama Harbor, a eutrophic inlet of the Inland Sea of Japan, at 3- to 5-d intervals for a year. This species reproduced throughout the year, and the adults showed a large abundance peak in June/July and a small peak in September/October. Females usually outnumbered males, comprising 61.4% of the annual mean. The composition of ovigerous females varied from 7.9 to 100%, with an annual mean of 55.7%. Adult prosome length was consistently large throughout winter and spring, and decreased with increasing temperature in summer and fall. Egg diameter varied from 98 to 121 μm, and was negatively correlated to temperature. The seasonal variation in clutch size (range: 15.1 to 38.2 eggs) was bicyclical, with peaks in May and December. The egg production rate of breeding females was low in January to March (mean: 2.3 eggs female⁻¹ d⁻¹), while it was constantly high from mid-May to early October (mean: 12.1 eggs female⁻¹ d⁻¹). The specific egg production rate for the breeding females was highly correlated to temperature; it increased linearly from 0.03 d⁻¹ at 9 °C to 0.27 d⁻¹ at 26 °C. Compared to other co-occurring copepods, the reproductive rate of P. marinus was lowest, which is one of the reasons why this species never dominates in this inlet. Received: 11 November 1996 / Accepted: 7 December 1996     

Analysis of the relationship between gonads and hepatopancreas in males and females of the crab Sesarma intermedia,with reference to resource use and reproduction

At the beginning of the reproductive period in May, there was an increment in both the gonad and heaptopancreas. During the peak phase in June, with high ovary production, there was a decrease in the hepatosomatic index (HSI), particularly for the Ariake females. The minimum gonadosomatic index (GSI) of 2% in August and September for the Ariake and in September and October for the Hakata populations was inversely related to the increase of HSI. A second rise in GSI was observed in November at the 1% level as against the June peak of 5% for the Ariake and 3.5% for the Hakata females, and it remained at this level until December, while the HSI decreased to the minimum. The December minima for both GSI and HSI were about the same as the initial February values. The spermathesomatic index (SSI) had a slight increase to 0.8% in August, but remained constant at 0.5% throughout the year. Likewise, GSI for males was constant at the 0.5% level, with minor fluctuations, and did not show any clear relationship with the HSI as for female GSI. Females had higher hepatosomatic indices but the soma weighed less than males throughout the year. Again in May, medium-sized females had the highest GSI followed by large and then small-sized individuals. As the HSI steadily decreased, GSI increased with advancing egg development stages for ovigerous females. The quantitative stomach analyses showed that females had higher stomach quantity indices (SQI) in May than in September, when the breeding period had ended. Contrary results were observed for males. Also, female SQI in May was higher than that for males.     

Annual reproductive cycle of the chiton Acanthopleura japonica

Annual reproductive cycle of the chiton Acanthopleura japonica (Lischke) was studied by observing both gonad index and histological features from October 1980 to October 1981. No significant changes in each factor were observed from October to April. Increased values of gonad index and spermatogenesis or vitellogenesis in gondas were observed from May to September. In the same time, gonad index decreased and sperms or oocytes in gonalds disappeared in the days around spring tide, and they were recovered around neap tide. Suggested spawning around spring tide from May to September is also supported by the occurrence of released eggs in the days around the new and full moons.     

浑善达克沙地油松树轮宽度与气候因子的关系

为探讨不同径级油松对气候因子敏感度的差异,利用树木年轮学方法研究浑善达克沙地油松林40株油松样本建立的大径级(平均胸径34.5 cm)和小径级(平均胸径15.5 cm)油松的年轮宽度年表与气候因子的关系.结果表明:油松的平均敏感度与胸径大小呈线性负相关;不同径级油松的标准年表对气候因子的响应存在一致性,均表现为与春季温度正相关而与夏季温度负相关,并与降水呈正相关关系;其中与当年1~2月、当年9月的平均温度和最高温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与当年6月的平均温度和最高温度呈显著负相关(P<0.05);与当年1~2月和8~9月的最低温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与上年10月、当年5月和当年7月的降水呈显著正相关(P<0.05);同时,不同径级油松的标准年表对气候因子的响应还具有一定的差异性,即仅小径级油松表现为与当年6月的降水呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与当年7月的最高温度呈显著负相关(P<0.05).因此,利用树木生态学研究时应该考虑不同径级油松树轮年表对气候因子的响应差异.