台湾的环境保护与环保产业

2000年10月26日在重庆举行的“2000海峡两岸环保产业技术交流研讨会”上,台湾区环境工程工业同业公会介绍了台湾目前的环境保护和环保产业情况。　　台湾的环保工作受到市场与国际环境保护的压力：推行国际环境管理标准—ISO14000,环境标志产品(绿色产品),国际公约——有关温室效应的气候变迁公约,有关有害废弃物越境转移的巴塞尔公约及进行氟氯碳管制的蒙特利尔公约和实施可持续发展战略的21世纪行动纲领。台湾在环境保护和发展环保产业方面采取了积极的态度。现台湾从事水污染防治工程的企业有425家,空气污染防治工程的企业有124家…     

浅议环保产业化在我国的发展前景

众所周知,我国经济建设在取得巨大成就的同时,也造成了严重的环境污染与破坏问题;环境保护的呼声在社会中日益高涨,环保产业化也随之成为一种有力的大众意识。一、环保产业化之内涵与意义所谓产业,是指依一定的社会分工而进行物质产品生产或劳务提供的经济活动总体。产业化则是按照相关原则之指导而明确产业职能,构建产业组织,优化     

论我国环保产业发展对策的体系建设

针对我国环保产业存在的问题,提出从宏观层次上,政府是环保产业的最初牵引力量和实施保证主体;从微观层次上,企业是环保产业最终策动力和执行主体;产品的消费者,即公众是环保产业最终影响力和舆论主体。只有宏观层次和微观层次紧密地结合起来,形成互动作用,才有可能有效地促进环保产业的发展。     

我国环保产业现状及环保企业商业模式

我国环保产业处于发展的黄金时期,环保企业的商业模式决定其能否建立强大的产业基础甚至成为产业主导。文章从环保产业发展的外部政策环境、环保产业发展历程和细分产业相关企业商业模式等角度探讨了我国环保产业的现状,并分析了环保企业商业模式的发展方向。新的商业模式将培育出综合环境服务商和环境解决方案提供商。     

环保标准对环保产业的影响分析

环保标准是实施国家环境保护法律、法规的技术依据, 是开展环境管理、环境执法工作的有力抓手。环 保产业是促进清洁生产和污染减排,实现达标排放的有效措施。环保标准对环保产业的发展具有重要影 响,是环保产业发展的动力,为环保产业挖掘潜能、拓宽空间、提供指导,同时又与环保产业相互依 存。强化环保标准对环保产业的促进作用,应以改革创新的精神综合考虑当前面临的主要问题,有序推 进环保标准的制定和实施工作。     

世界经济掀起绿色浪潮国际环保市场充满商机

本文介绍了发达国家绿色产业发展的现状及趋势,预示绿色产业在国际环保市场的领先潮流。我国要顺应这绿色潮流,提高我国环保产业在国际市场上的竞争力。     

发展我国环保产业应对措施的探讨

针对我国环保产业发展中存在的问题,提出应对措施:1.健全完善环保法律体系,强化执法力度;2.培育环保市场,促进环保产业的有序竞争;3.转变政府职能,建立新型环保产业管理体制;4.实现环保企业结构性恢复;5.在产业结构和布局上提高资源配置效率,避免重复建设;6.建立适应市场经济的发展机制;7.推进环保企业规模化经营;8.环保融资多元化.     

发展环保产业突破绿色壁垒

文章分析了加入WTO后对我国对外贸易的影响，提出了加快发展环保产业的对策。     

环保机械行业重在调整结构

进入９０年代以来，我国环保机械行业有了一个大的发展。尤其经过近十年的努力，我国环保机械行业的产品结构、性能和质量有了显著改善。目前，我国环保机械产品的总体水平相当于国际７０年代中期水平。就主要产品而言，具有国际当代水平的产品占５％，８０年代水平的占２...     

关于环保产业进行结构调整的几点思考

一、环保产业结构调整是全球环境保护进入新阶段的一个主要内容今天,环境保护日益成为全世界各国人民和政府的共识,全球性的环保产业市场的发展对我国环保产业的发展提出了新的挑战,结构调整已属必然,要求打破低层次上的平衡和低效率的循环,解决与世界市场的接轨问题,达到更高层次上的平衡。环保产业进行结构调整,是促进环保产业发展的客观要求,是加强面向21世纪世界环保产品市场竞争的根本途径。在环保产业发展中,产业发展和产业结构的优化,是相互作用、紧密联系的两个方面。产业结构的优化,既是资源有效配置的重要保证,又是实现环保产业健…     

跨国公司环境治理机制研究——以“供应链法”域外适用为依归

欧美诸国近年来相继推行的“供应链法”是完善跨国公司环境治理机制的新路径，但存在侵犯主权独立等诸多隐忧。本文以加强跨国公司环境治理为出发点，探讨了跨国公司母国“供应链法”域外适用机制的理论依据及实践经验。并从我国立场出发提出，鉴于“环境权”与“其他人权”存在法理差异及避免政治争议考量，我国学者和相关企业应当在国际层面积极呼吁将环境问题与其他人权问题分开处理。同时，我国相关部门应当吸取“供应链法”域外适用机制的有利经验，实现从行业协会引导到政府部门主导，从软法到硬法，逐步建立和完善我国跨国公司治理的国内法域外适用机制。最后，我国主管部门应当尽早颁行《阻断外国法律与措施不当域外适用办法》的配套实施机制，以期将他国法律政治化域外适用对我国主权的不利影响降至最低。     

Industry's role in air quality improvement: Environmental management opportunities for the 21st century

More than 200 years ago, Adam Smith, the founder of modern economics, wrote in the Wealth of Nations that “…consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production; and the interest of the producer ought to be attention to…that of the consumer.” In recent years, the rapid growth of the world economy has given Adam Smith's maxim new meaning. The age-old desire for consumption grows unabated and increasing numbers of consumers around the world are attaching new value to the environmental quality of goods and services and expressing concern over the environmental impacts of industrialization. That concern is growing because more than 70 percent of the world's urban population live in areas where the air is seriously polluted and as many as 750,000 people—the majority in developing countries—die each year of ailments caused by air pollution.¹ Over the past 25 years, corporations throughout the world have made dramatic changes in the way they do business as more people come to understand how the ecological system works and how polluted air and water endanger human health. The key to increasing industry's participation in the drive for higher standards of air quality is the growing realization that effective environmental management, technological development, and technology dissemination are cost-effective and profitable business strategies. Global competition is making firms around the world more customer-conscious and, to the extent that consumers demand products that minimize environmental degradation and enhance the quality of their lives, businesses in every industry must respond in order to survive.² This article examines how changes in business practices, driven by a better understanding of how natural environments function, are converging to provide new opportunities for environmental management that go beyond regulatory compliance to reduce air pollution. Although sound and well-enforced environmental regulations are an essential foundation for improving air quality, command-and-control systems alone are unlikely to achieve the lower levels of pollution that will be necessary to achieve sustainable development in the 21st century. In cooperation with government, businesses in every industry can play crucial roles in achieving higher standards of air quality while at the same time maintaining acceptable levels of economic growth. We explore three ways in which corporations can contribute to environmentally sustainable development: (1) by adopting proactive environmental management systems that focus on air pollution prevention; (2) by developing new technologies for air pollution control and reduction; and (3) by transferring air pollution control and prevention technologies through international trade and investment.     

Can Export-Oriented Aquaculture in Developing Countries be Sustainable and Promote Sustainable Development? The Shrimp Case

Industrial shrimp farming has been promoted by international development and financial institutions in coastal indebted poor countries as a way to obtain foreign exchange earnings, reimburse external debt, and promote development. The promotion of the shrimp industry is a clear example of a more general trend of support of export-oriented primary products, consisting in monocultures of commodities, as opposed to the promotion of more diverse, traditional production directed to feed the local population. In general, it is assumed that export-oriented aquaculture and agriculture, in a framework of liberalization policies, facilitates economic growth and this is associated with poverty reduction and the improvement of food security. However, it has been shown that the promotion of export-oriented production, mostly in the hands of big corporations, can have detrimental consequences for the livelihoods of local populations and the environment. As a result, international institutions, NGOs, and the industry aim to minimize these impacts by promoting sustainable export-oriented production. But some impacts may remain, since the main issue is the primary focus on international deregulated markets and the search for cheap primary products. To illustrate the relationships between the mainstream concept of development, the environmental and social impact of industrial farming systems, and the promotion of export-oriented production in developing countries, this article analyzes the case of the shrimp aquaculture industry.     

自然生态小区建设指导原则及其建设内容探讨--以筠连县大雪山自然生态小区为例

自然生态小区是构建优美生态环境区域的生态“细胞工程”。它根据当地的自然状况和社会经济状况,以较小的经济和社会代价实现一定区域生态环境优美、生态文明有序、生态系统良性循环的社会经济生态综合体。由于自然生态小区的建设是新兴事物,其建设途径还有很多问题值得探讨。在自然生态小区建设投资方面,应当明确生态环境建设投资和生产赢利建设投资,对于前者应当以政府和政策性投资为主,而后者应当是在政策法规规范下的企业投资为主;在发展模式方面,应当促进环境友好的规模化高效益产业,包括有机绿色产业、地方特色产业、民族文化产业等;在效益分配方面,必须要充分考虑整个社区居民资源共享和利益合理分配,实现整个社区生态文明建设和经济发展目标的一致。     

Industry Response to the Challenge of Sustainability: The Case of the Canadian Nonferrous Mining Sector

/ The paper investigates how the Canadian nonferrous sector is tackling the challenge of sustainable development. Although there is no consensus as to what sustainable development means in practice for management in the sector, at least three dimensions must be taken into account: (1) metals are recyclable, the availability of this resource is not a concern for the foreseeable future; (2) the need to minimize environmental impacts of metals exploration, extraction, transformation, consumption, and recycling; and (3) production activities should not be socially or culturally disruptive. The nonferrous mining industry faces several environmental problems. Some of the most significant are acid mine drainage, sulfur emissions, recycling, and metals toxicity. The industry has developed a number of responses to address these specific concerns as well as other more general challenges. Six strategies are described and analyzed: (1) research and development, (2) an effort of consensus building among stakeholders known as the Whitehorse Mining Initiative, (3) international networking, (4) active involvement in the development of environmental management standards, (5) management reorganization and (6) voluntary agreements. The importance of external factors in the shaping of corporate environmental management practices is discussed, in particular the role of government. Progress has been achieved in three areas: (1) managerial practices and organization, (2) reducing the impacts of ongoing operations and (3) minimizing future liabilities, but two significant fields of conflict remain, namely mining in wilderness areas and projects on aboriginal lands.KEY WORDS: Canada; Environmental management; Minerals industry; Nonferrous metals; Sustainable development; Whitehorse Mining Initiative     

发展环保产业要选择正确途径

指出发展环保产业要选择正确途径,政府应为环境保护产业的发展和产业链的构建搭建一个完善的政策平台,为环境保护产业的发展创造条件;只注重环境保护技术设备的生产和供给市场,而忽视环境污染治理需求市场的培育和启动,就背离了市场供给和需求的逻辑关系。     

政府须采取有效政策措施促进环保产业发展

本文提出我国是一个发展中国家,环保产业发展滞后,政府应采取有效措施,在促进环保产业发展中发挥积极作用,提高我国环保产业的国际竞争力,促进环保产业的发展。     

当前发展环保产业需要重新认识的几个问题

本文就当前在社会主义市场经济体制下如何更好地加快环保产业的发展,提出了如下看法：目前环保产业应是以服务业为重点内容,以市场化、产业化为其发展方式的一个综合性新兴产业,要开展以企业为主体的经济活动,建立政府激励机制,改变以政府为主体的投资机制,并加强对环保设施运营的监督管理。     

关于推动我国环保产业发展再上新台阶的思考

从狭义和广义两个角度对环保产业内涵进行了梳理,在此基础上,提出环保产业的内涵和外延是随着社会经济和环境保护事业的发展而与时俱进、不断完善的;通过对环保产业发展阶段的历史分析,归纳提出环保产业正在由单元服务时代走向综合化效果服务时代;在对环保产业体系进行总结概括的同时,提出在保持门类齐全的前提下,环保产业分类将会更加细致和全面;研究提出要准确把握环保产业的发展规律,特别是环境服务业比重提高已成为现代环保产业走向成熟的标志;要科学恰当定义环保产业内涵,建立合乎现代环保产业发展特征的行业统计制度;通过内外驱动同时发力促进环保产业发展,推进环保产业再上新台阶。这是当前环保产业发展中必须要认清的问题。     

积极促进环保产业成长实现可持续发展

论述了促进环保产业发展的重要性，指出了环保产业发展中应着重解决的问题。