住宅小区雨水资源化与中水回用模式与技术

住宅小区雨水资源化利用与中水回用是建设节水型城市，实现水资源可持续利用的重要组成部分．住宅小区的雨水资源化利用技术将雨水收集、雨水分散处理、雨水集中利用、雨水渗透等技术进行集成优化，具有处理效果好、雨水利用率高、管理方便的优点。住宅小区中水回用属于封闭式污水再生回用系统，采用膜生物反应器（MBR）技术作为小区中水回用技术，具有占地面积少、工艺流程短、处理效率高等优点。     

中水回用及展望

概述了中水回用的发展和现状,总结了中水回用的处理技术,并指出MBR工艺和CASS工艺因其独特的优点在中水回用领域中具有光明的应用前景.同时,对中水回用实践中值得思考和研究的问题也进行了探讨,指出在中水回用过程中尤其需注意其生态安全性研究.     

膜技术在城市中水回用于火电厂的应用研究

城市中水经过深度处理后回用于火电厂,不仅可解决电厂用水紧张的状况,而且可减轻污水排放对环境的影响.介绍了膜法在火电厂中水回用方面的原理、工艺并结合工程实践进行论证,指出了膜技术的发展方向.     

电厂中水回用工程设计与分析

介绍了山西某电厂中水回用工程的工艺流程及设计参数.该工程采用机械加速澄清池、D型滤池、二氧化氯消毒工艺处理污水处理厂二级出水,出水作为补给水供给电厂循环冷却系统.运行结果表明,该工艺设计合理,出水各项指标均能满足回用要求；建设和运行费用低,为类似中水回用工程的设计与运行提供参考.     

两级过滤膜生物反应技术在中水深度处理中的应用

分析了国内外城市中水深度处理回用技术的应用现状，系统介绍了自主研发的以膜法工艺为核心的中水深度处理回用新技术——两级过滤膜生物反应技术（DF—MBR），对其基本原理、技术优势及工程应用情况进行了介绍，工程实践及其运行效果表明，该技术具有广阔的市场应用前景和推广价值。     

海水淡化全成本分析及其发展前景探讨——以天津北疆电厂海水淡化项目为例

水资源短缺是全球关注的重大环境问题,而中国是全球最为缺水的国家之一。选取天津北疆发电厂海水淡化项目进行成本实证评估与分析,进行全成本的构成分析和综合核算评估,进而与其他新型水资源利用方法(南水北调、中水回用与污水资源化、雨水利用)进行成本比较与分析,探讨其海水淡化模式应对京津地区水资源危机的可行性。     

城市污水回用于循环冷却水的探讨

对国内外城市污水回用循环冷却水的实践进行了详述,针对国内城市污水水质,推荐污水水质回用标准,并确立相应的工艺流程,期间还讨论了城市二级处理污水回用时要注意的问题.     

曝气生物滤池效能关键影响因素研究进展

曝气生物滤池（BAF）是一种新型的生物氧化处理工艺，已被广泛应用于城市废水处理、中水回用及微污染源水的预处理。详细论述了目前国内外对BAF效能的关键影响因素，如填料、水力停留时间、进水底物、水温、曝气量与进水量比、反冲洗工艺、化学除磷药剂等的研究现状，并探讨了其今后的研究方向。     

基于水资源再利用的自动蓄水循环系统

提出一种居民家庭自动蓄水循环系统和二次循环水利用及新型概念房的构想。通过错过夏天用水高峰时段,合理利用夜晚水压进行水箱日常用水的自动补给。中水回用和雨水收集使得在概念房的有限面积内达到最大的水循环利用效率。     

实践循环经济做好工业废弃物处置工作——访北京水泥厂有限责任公司总经理付秋涛

北京水泥厂是北京金隅集团新型建材制造业标杆企业,主要产品为优质高标号的"金隅水泥".产品主要应用于国家大剧院、奥运场馆、首都机场、地铁等国家及北京市重点工程.自1992年建厂以来,北京水泥厂高度重视环境保护,坚持发展经济与保护环境并举方针.依靠科技进步,借助先进的生产工艺和环保设备,先后在节能降耗、尾矿综合利用、中水回用、工业废弃物无害化处置等领域取得了一些成绩,并逐步发展成为国内实践循环经济的典范.     

浅议碳排放与废钢铁的节能减排功效

二氧化碳是导致全球气候变暖、人类生存环境恶化的主要原因。简要介绍世界钢铁工业二氧化碳排放情况,针对我国钢铁工业碳排放的具体情况,提出发展我国废钢产业,提高废钢铁的供应能力,是我国钢铁工业摆脱危机,实现低碳发展、绿色发展的主要途径。     

Synthesis and identification of graft copolymers of wood pulp and styrene

Based on the graft copolymerization reactions of lignin and vinyl monomers, a series of graft copolymers of wood pulp and styrene (1-phenylethene) has been synthesized. The wood pulps used in this research are unbleached products produced by chemical, thermal, and mechanical pulping. All of them contain a high content of lignin (25–29 wt%). The grafting reaction is a free radical polymerization coinitiated by calcium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, and wood pulp in dimethylsulfoxide at 30°C. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, and the amount of the reactants on the conversion of monomer, yield of product, weight increase of pulp, and grafting efficiency of monomer has been studied. The grafted wood pulp was separated from homopolystyrene formed during the reaction by extraction of the reaction product with benzene in a Soxhlet apparatus for at least 48 h. The results show that after the reaction, the weight of all wood pulps was significantly increased and the weight increase of very high yield sodium bisulfite pulp (VHYS) was 333%. This proves that a part of the polymerized styrene was chemically bound to the wood pulp. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the extracted products show absorbance peaks characteristic of both wood and polystyrene and, thus, provide strong proof of grafting. Grafting has completely changed the surface properties of the starting wood pulp from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, and under ordinary thermal compression conditions, thermoplastic composite objects of good uniformity can be made directly from reaction products which contain up to 52 wt% wood pulp.     

Fate and effect of linuron and metribuzin on the co-composting of green waste and sewage sludge

The fate and effect of the herbicides linuron and metribuzin on the co-composting of sewage sludge and green waste were addressed in this work. The experiments were conducted in metal cubic containers of 1.0 m³ volume simulating a windrow composting system. A mixture of sludge and green waste was prepared at a ratio of 1:5 v/v. The mixture was split in four equal parts and the two herbicides were added, using a pressure sprayer, as sole or mixed pollutant in each of the three mixtures. The forth mixture was composted without any addition of herbicide, to serve as control. Temperature, physicochemical characteristics, herbicide concentration, carbon dioxide emission, methane emission and microbiological parameters were measured either daily or every time the mixtures were turned, for a period of 80 days. Both herbicides’ concentration decreased significantly resulting in removal efficiencies of 99.1–99.7% and 95.8–96.0% for linuron and metribuzin, respectively. Incubation of microbiologically inactive mixtures at a temperature schedule following the spontaneous temperature evolution in the composters resulted in very little (1–11%) decomposition for both herbicides. Comparison of the variation of physicochemical parameters and microbial populations during composting indicated that both herbicides did not affect the composting process.     

资源循环科学与工程专业课程体系优化与教学内容创新实践的探索

针对资源循环科学与工程本科专业课程教学,以西安建筑科技大学该专业课程体系为案例,通过对毕业生和专业研讨会调研,分析了课程体系建设的现状和存在的问题。借鉴其他高校资源专业的课程体系和教学内容,通过梳理各门专业课程的教学内容和相互联系,构建了资源专业课程体系课程群,探索了课程体系优化的方法和增加创新实践环节的具体措施。     

Photo-oxidation and Photo-toxicity of Crude and Refined Oils

The fate and effects of an oil spill are effected by solar radiation through the action of photo-oxidation and photo-toxicity. Photo-oxidation, an important process in the weathering of oil, produces a variety of oxidized compounds, including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, esters, epoxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, phenols, anhydrides, quinones and aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Some of these compounds contribute to the marine biota toxicity observed after an oil spill. Photo-toxicity occurs when uptake of certain petroleum compounds, e.g. certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzothiophenes, is followed by solar exposure which results in much greater toxicity than after dark uptake. The mechanism of PAH photo-toxicity includes absorbance of solar radiation by the PAH which produces a free radical and this free radical in turn reacts with oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA and other cellular macromolecules. While most studies on photo-toxicity have been carried out in the laboratory, there are studies showing that water from an oil spill is photo-toxic to bivalve embryos for at least a few days after the spill. Other studies have found that oil contaminated sediments are photo-toxic to several marine invertebrates. More studies are required to determine if marine fauna at an oil spill site are effected by the action of photo-toxicity and photo-oxidation.     

我国废旧电子电器产品拆解技术、设备应用现状及改进建议

从我国废旧电子电器回收行业基本情况、专业技术人才情况、相关企业拆解技术设备情况等方面，阐述了我国废旧电子电器产品拆解技术、设备应用现状，并提出相关改进提升建议。     

电子废弃物的再循环利用:企业、政府与公众的角色和责任

电子废弃物不仅种类繁多,而且成分复杂,含有多种有毒、有害物质,已成为固体废物中最大的重金属污染源.长期以来,由于对电子废弃物问题缺乏足够认识和有效管理,电子废弃物对人体健康及生活环境可能构成的危害常常被忽视.实现电子废弃物的再循环利用,关键是明确企业、政府和公众在电子产品设计、生产、消费、回收、处置和再利用整个过程中的相关责任.因此,解决电子废弃物的问题,首先要对相关行为主体的角色进行准确定位.     

TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Norway Spruce and Eucalyptus Pulps: Preparation and Characterization of Nanofibers and Nanofiber Dispersions

This study deals with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation of cellulose. Softwood and hardwood pulp fibers were suspended in water and oxidized to various extents at pH 10 and 22 °C using sodium hypochlorite in the presence of TEMPO radical and sodium bromide. This reaction system is known to be the most efficient one for the introduction of both surface carboxyl and aldehyde groups. Important relationships between formation of these functional groups and the fibrillation yield, light transmittance of the water dispersions and degree of polymerization of the oxidized softwood and hardwood pulps were established in the present study. A birefringence test confirmed the presence of nanofibers which according to atomic force microscopy analyses had diameters in the 1.6–3.8 nm range.     

Laboratory Experiments and Estimation of Cumulative Infiltration and Sorptivity

Soil water cumulative infiltration affects the environment by controlling the irrigation rate and consequently the water and pollutants movement through the ground. In order to study the cumulative infiltration in a sandy soil sample, experiments were performed in the laboratory. The sample was placed uniformly in a transparent column with an inner diameter of 6 cm. A constant head boundary condition of a 2 mm height was applied on the surface of the sample and the cumulative volume of the incoming water was measured. Soil moisture at four locations of the column was measured, by using the TDR method in order to obtain the moisture profiles. By comparing the values of the infiltrated water volumes with those calculated by the integration of the moisture profiles, a good agreement was found out. Also the Parlange theoretical model fitted very well with the infiltration experimental points.     

硫磺回收装置扩能改造及效果分析

介绍了回收酸性气体生产硫磺的工艺原理与工艺流程,论述了影响硫磺回收装置生产能力的诸多因素与扩能改造的情况。扩能改造后,该装置的酸性气体处理量平均为976m^3／h,瞬时处理量可达1200m^3／h,硫磺的生产能力从4450t／a提高到7500t／a,生产能力提高了68．5％,装置总硫回收率达到93．5％。