新型循环水处理系统的设计及应用

简介了软包装印刷工业复合生产过程中产生的VOCs污染物,探讨了现有ACF咐附回收有机溶剂设备存在的技术问题;结合软包装复合生产工艺特点,提出一种闭式循环的改良工艺,以解决能量浪费问题。     

利用软包装废弃物生产玻镁平板

本文介绍了利用软包装废弃物作填料生产出无毒、无害、防火的玻镁平板,在许多方面提高了玻镁平板的性能。为利用软包装废弃物找到了途径。     

创新发展的泉林纸业

山东泉林纸业有限责任公司是专业从事浆纸及纸制品制造与供应的企业,是集造纸、彩印、包装、生态林、有机肥料、化工、热电于一体的现代化企业集团,为中国大型国有控股企业,山东省百强重点企业集团和国家高新技术企业之一。泉林纸业拥有大面积的造纸原料林基地、国有股份制最大的铜版纸生产线、世界最先进的液态多层复合软包装生产线。泉林纸业通过了2000版ISO9001国际质量管理体系认证,在印刷界享有“下机即可印别”、“纸贵高唐”的美誉,被山东省技术监督局授予“采用国际标准产品标志证书”和“工业产品采用国际标准证书”。泉林纸业与中国制装造纸研究院合资组建了北京中纸泉     

额济纳绿洲复合系统协调发展研究

水是干旱区、半干旱区最重要的因子之一。目前,水资源短缺已成为黑河下游额济纳绿洲社会经济发展的主要制约因子,而水的短缺也引发了诸多生态环境问题。因此,以水资源为纽带,从额济纳绿洲的水资源系统（地表水资源和地下水资源）、生态系统（森林生态系统、草原生态系统等）和经济系统方面详细论述了绿洲水—生态—经济复合系统现状,分析了这个复合系统存在的问题,提出了绿洲复合系统协调发展的建设性措施。     

电袋复合除尘技术的试验研究

通过对电袋复合除尘器性能试验及对喷吹清灰过程的研究,分析了荷电粉尘对滤料过滤性能的影响,探讨了高强滤料的研究开发及电袋复合除尘器的大型化技术等问题。     

燃煤电厂电-袋复合除尘器滤袋损坏原因分析

着重对电-袋复合除尘器存在的PPS滤袋短期内出现非寿命期大面积损坏的原因,以及针对电-袋复合除尘工艺技术中的部分不同意见,进行了进一步的分析和探讨;提出电-袋复合除尘器与袋式除尘器在技术经济上并没有特殊优势,且电-袋复合除尘器在应用中已发现了一些重大问题,因而应引起有关重视,在选择采用这种工艺技术时要慎重。     

重金属复合污染对土壤微生物的影响机制

目前对复合污染的研究是环境科学发展的重要方向之一。在综述重金属复合污染效应研究现状基础上,对重金属复合污染的机理以及重金属对土壤微生物活性、酶活性和土壤微生物群落的影响进行了探讨,并指出了在研究中存在的问题和发展方向。     

以离心机为主体的静态复合环境试验方法

文章介绍了利用离心机为主体进行的温度—线加速度和气动加载—线加速度静态复合环境因素试验技术,着重说明在这二项复合试验中遇到的主要问题。     

对以离心机为主体的复合环境试验设备的探讨

本文详细阐明为实现线加速度—振动环境因素的复合模拟试验,所要解决的振动台改装、电测与控制等技术问题。最后还指出复合试验和单项试验之间关系等问题。     

兼氧发酵堆肥处置城镇生活污泥模式及应用

随着城镇污水处理厂规模的快速发展,污水处理伴生的生活污泥产量越来越多,而传统的污泥处置方法具有较大的局限性,困扰着污水处理行业的进一步发展。通过分析目前污泥堆肥存在的问题,探索通过筛选能够强烈分解有机物料的多种好氧、厌氧及兼性菌株复合制成污泥兼氧发酵复合菌剂,开发出适于污泥兼氧发酵的模式;阐述了兼氧发酵复合菌作用过程的原理,并以试验加以验证了该模式用于污泥处置的可行性与实用性。     

四川能源系统的现状与特征

通过调查、统计和分析四川省能源资源、能源生产和能源消费的数量和构成现状,探讨了全省能源生产消费的主要特征,提出了能源资源、能源生产和消费系统值得关注的问题.     

Energy Consumption in the Turkish Industrial Sector

Turkey's primary energy resources seem limited as indigenous energy production meets nearly 31 % of the total primary energy demand. But the growth of Turkey's industry gives rise to a substantial increase in energy demand. Final energy consumption grew from 52.6 Mtoe (million tons of oil equivalent) in the year 1990 to 78.4 Mtoe in the year 2002. Industrial demand accounts for about 41.6 % of the final energy demand in Turkey. Basic metal industries, non-metallic material products and chemical and petroleum products have the highest energy consumption in industrial sector. In this work, industrial energy consumption and energy consumption of different indsutrial subsectors in Turkey are investigated.     

Causes of energy poverty in a cold and resource-rich country: evidence from Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is an upper-middle-income country and one of the coldest countries in the world with rich energy resources and energy prices considerably lower than in developed countries. This paper presents the first comprehensive overview of household fuel use in Kazakhstan and assesses the causes and extent of energy poverty using the Households Living Conditions Survey dataset of 12,000 households. The results show that there is an overwhelming reliance on coal in Kazakhstan: 40% of all surveyed households use coal for heating, cooking and other needs. In general, liquefied petroleum gas is mainly used for cooking, coal and firewood for heating, while electricity is rarely used for heating. Energy poverty was less prevalent in oil and gas rich regions, due to low gas prices and higher income levels in those regions, while households located in the North Kazakhstan, Central and East Kazakhstan mainly suffer from lack of cleaner fuel options, income poverty, longer and colder winters and consequently energy affordability. Despite low energy prices in Kazakhstan, the results demonstrate that 28% of surveyed households spend more than 10% of their income on energy. Gas and district heating infrastructure coverage and income inequality across its regions contributed the most to energy poverty in Kazakhstan. Energy prices are regulated and indirectly subsidised. Removing energy subsidies alone may worsen energy affordability of households. Offering direct subsidies to cover part of the energy expenditures may not fully solve the problem, but subsidies, interventions for efficient technologies and fuels, dwelling energy-efficiency improvements are necessary.     

能源革命背景下中国能源系统转型的挑战与对策研究

目前全球能源系统转型正处于化石能源阶段通向第三次能源系统转型的入口。基于第三次能源革命的特点和我国目前以煤炭为主、油气为辅的化石能源系统未来发展趋势,中国第三次能源系统转型是一次"新能源革命"。本文通过分析全球能源系统转型的观点、特点来探索中国能源系统转型的方向与目标,并提出中国能源系统转型在产业技术、电力系统弹性、管理体制和社会公众参与方面面临的挑战。为此,近期中国要实现"十三五"(2016—2020年)新能源目标和2030年减碳目标,需要做好五方面的工作;①做好需求响应分析,加大新能源产业技术政策支持力度;②整合新能源产业管理职能,以提高能源系统的弹性;③拓宽新能源企业的融资渠道,参与全球碳排放限额交易市场;④推进新能源相关立法并提高规划的时效性和协调性;⑤提高政策决策透明度,增强能源革命公众参与度。     

Comparison of energy produced from waste by removing its different components: A case study of the waste landfill in Tehran

In developing and populated cities such as Tehran, a massive amount of municipal solid waste (MSW), both wet and dry, is transferred to landfills daily. Combustion is one of the most common methods of using mixed waste energy from the past to the present. The Dulong formula is widely used to calculate the energy released from MSW combustion. According to the constituent components of Tehran MSW, removing food waste leads to an increase in energy potential, which will be a suitable condition for energy production. In this work, the energy derived from the combustion of mixed and separated dry MSW generated in Tehran was calculated using the experimental Dulong formula and tables in Integrated Solid Waste Management (Tchobanoglous et al. 1993, McGraw‐Hill). The Dulong formula indicates that the use of Tehran mixed MSW (without separating materials for recycling) as a fuel source yields 8,966.40 KJ/kg while the use of Tchobanoglous et al. (1993) tables can generate 8,236 kJ/kg. By removing food waste and recyclable materials, the potential of energy production changes to 22,047 kJ/kg using the Dulong formula and 16,207 kJ/kg and the Tchobanoglous et al. (1993) tables. It indicates increase by 1.46 times and 46%, respectively. Regarding the 200‐ton capacity of the Tehran waste incinerator, the Dulong formula indicated generation of 4,409 MJ/day energy, and the Tchobanoglous et al. table presents 3,241 MJ/day. Therefore, considering that Tehran generates more than 4,000 tons of reject waste daily, it can easily be converted to energy rather than landfilled. This can alleviate the problem of buying land and construction of landfills and leachate generation.     

朝阳市农村能源的开发利用

本文简述了朝阳市农村能源的种类、数量及能源消耗状况,分析了农村能源在供需过程中存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的防治对策。     

On the wind resource mapping of Burkina Faso

In this work, mesoscale wind resource maps, at 5-km resolution, of the country of Burkina Faso (274,200 km²) were developed using the Anemoscope and mesoscale compressible community models. Results show that the northeast region of Burkina Faso has a good wind regime at 80 m above ground level (agl), while the wind regime in other parts of the country is generally low, even at 80 m agl. In addition, the technical power potential and the potential annual energy production that can be generated from the wind in Burkina Faso are identified using analysis tools based on geographical information systems and economic constraints. Results from the technical power potential at 80 m agl show that a total of 312 MW of wind farms, generating annually a total of 741 GWh of energy, could be installed in Burkina Faso. On the other hand, a total of 4411 MW of small wind turbines (50 kW) could be installed over the territory, corresponding to an annual energy production of 7843 GWh. The Wind Atlas of Burkina Faso provides an opportunity for local stakeholders to consider wind energy for the electricity portfolio of the country.     

Participatory and multi-level governance: applications to Aboriginal renewable energy projects

As provinces across Canada seek to diversify their domestic electricity supply and cope with the accelerating effects of anthropogenic climate change, new models of sustainability-focused economic development are being pursued. One critically important emerging paradigm involves First Nation (a Canadian term for indigenous) collaboration and leadership in renewable energy projects. In this comparative case study analysis, we consider two different governance approaches pursued in distinct renewable energy project contexts: the clean energy projects of the Ojibway Pic River First Nation band in northwestern Ontario and the NaiKun Offshore Wind Project proposed in the ocean territory of the Haida Nation off the coast of British Columbia (BC). Focusing on themes of participation and multi-level governance, the case studies highlight the importance of authority and control in decision processes, the primacy of ensuring that scale and quality of design are carefully scoped, and the shaping role of inclusiveness in planning for wholly sustainable energy futures. Taken together, these cases illustrate that fluid governance arrangements which exploit the particular capacities of each actor may give rise to trust that ultimately forms the foundation of a co-produced model of renewable energy governance. We argue that while collaboration might aim to be inclusive of all interested actors, it is important to consider the extent to which a project design might sufficiently incorporate a community's long-term vision. We conclude that truly sustainable renewable energy development requires a project design that reflects community values, incorporates community control, and incentivises indigenous ownership.     

Green energy for the battlefield

Population of the world is growing with increasing rate and it seems that existing fossil fuel energy sources will not be able to meet energy demand in the near future. Energy is not only crucial for civil sector but also it is one of the most important assets in defense sector. Energy for military operations is mostly provided from fossil fuel as it is the case in other sectors; however, fossil fuels have hazardous effects to the environment and cause global environment concerns. These drawbacks of fossil fuels are also valid for battlefield. Furthermore, transportation of fossil fuels causes extra safety and logistics problems in military case. In this study, we developed a hybrid green energy solution with wind, solar, and batteries together to minimize or eliminate the fossil fuel demand for the battlefield. Results of our algorithm are superior to the already used diesel generator solution from the point of view of cost and various other aspects. The novelty of our study stems from applying optimization of hybrid green energy solution to military case with battlefield constraints.     

Conditions for a 100% renewable energy supply system in Japan and South Korea

In the wake of the Fukushima nuclear accident, alternative energy paths have been discussed for Japan, but except for a few studies the assumption is usually made that Japan is too densely populated to be suited for a near-100% sustainable, indigenous energy provision. The studies emphasizing renewable energy have proposed the use of photovoltaic power as the main source of electricity supply, in combination with diurnal battery storage and supplemented by other renewable sources such as wind, hydro, and geothermal power. Here, an alternative approach is explored, with wind and derived hydrogen production as the main energy source, but still using solar energy, biofuels, and hydropower in a resilient combination allowing full satisfaction of demands in all sectors of the economy, i.e., for dedicated electricity, transportation energy as well as heat for processes and comfort. Furthermore, the possible advantage of establishing a regional energy system with energy interchange and coordinated management of the mix of renewable energy resources across a wider region is discussed. As the closest neighbor, the energy system of South Korea is considered, first regarding the possibility of a similar full renewable energy reliance, and then for possible synergetic effects of connecting the Korean and the Japanese energy systems, in order to be able to better cope with the intermittency of renewable energy source flows.