低碳供应链发展及运营新问题

资源短缺、环境恶化、全球气候变暖带来了低碳经济的快速发展,在该背景下,迫切需要将环境问题融合到供应链的研究和实践当中。首先对比传统的供应链内涵,提出低碳供应链的概念,然后简述低碳供应链发展的理论和实践基础,根据运营管理的研究目标构建了低碳供应链管理的整体研究框架,拟在政府规制和消费者对低碳产品需求的外部力量作用下,寻求企业及供应链运行的机理和规律,指出未来值得关注的研究方向,为供应链低碳化发展奠定理论基础。     

基于低碳经济的煤炭企业供应链绩效评价

以煤炭企业供应链为研究对象,基于平衡记分法建立低碳经济下的煤炭供应链绩效评价体系.运用因子分析法对6家煤炭企业供应链绩效进行实证分析,得出低碳技术投入效果、煤炭营销能力、客户满意指标、企业社会责任等公共因子的比较分析结果,对煤炭企业供应链的综合绩效进行了评价,便于企业掌握供应链整体运营状况,为“高碳资源低碳利用”,实现煤炭产业的可持续发展提供参考.     

土地承载力研究的评价

在世界人口、资源和环境矛盾日益尖锐的今天,如何寻求资源开发利用和人口增长之间的合理关系,使人口、资源与环境协调发展,已成为人类面临的紧迫问题.特别是土地资源既是人类的生存基础。也是人类的劳动对象.其到底能承载多少人口,如何制定合理的土地利用和保护政策,协调人口增长与土地资源生产力之间的关系。愈来愈引起人们的重视.1982年联合国粮农组织(FAO)在国际应用系统分析研究所的协助下,对发展中国家的土地潜在人口支持能力进行     

藏族学子——一个大学梦

几年来,中国环境管理干部学院环境科学系十分重视面向西藏培养和输送高职和成人环境管理人才,目前毕业的学生已达到380余人,他们分布在西藏的各个地区,有的工作在偏远且比较艰苦的那曲、阿里等地区,有的成为部门的业务骨干,有的已走上领导岗位。     

主动环保战略构建分析

只有实施主动环保战略才能实现中国的可持续发展。对中国环境资源的特征进行了分析,提出我国环境资源的相对劣势,是制约中国可持续发展不可回避的客观条件,并已日益成为主要因素。目前我们必须针对环境资源特征主动地实施国土全域控制战略,转变经济增长方式,建立环境文化,创新环境科学技术结构,改革政府职能,才能主动地保护环境,实现可持续发展。     

盐城湿地保护与生态旅游开发

盐城海滨湿地资源丰富，已成为重要的环境资源和旅游资源。从湿地的变化和现状着手，阐述了保护盐城湿地的必要性和重要性，在保护中倡导自养型经济战略——生态旅游。分析了盐城湿地生态旅游开发的可行性，从而提出规划意见，以实现盐城湿地旅游的可持续发展。     

面向21世纪 抓住机遇 迎接挑战 开创环境与资源保护工作新局面——省人大常委会财经委副主任委员解廷文在省环委会暨青海湖生态环委会工作会议上传达全国人大环境与资源保护委员会工作会议精神

一、会议简况全国人大94环境与资源保护工作座谈会于1994年12月10日至13日在江苏省张家港市召开.参加会议的有各省、自治区、直辖市人大的负责同志及国务院有关部门的同志,王丙乾副委员长到会做了《面向21世纪,努力开创环境与资源保护工作新局面》的讲话,全国人大环境与资源保护委员会主任委员曲格平作了《抓住机遇,迎接挑战,扎扎实实地作好人大环境与资源保护工作》的报告.会议总结交流了各省、市、自治区人大一年来在环境与资源保护立法和监督方面取得的成绩和经验,还参观考察了张家港市的环境综合整治、乡镇企业发展等情况.二、会议主要内容王丙乾副委员长讲话要点:(一)适应形势,抓住机遇,积极推动环境与资源保护工作.     

资源型城市可持续发展的生态补偿机制研究

资源型城市的经济转型与可持续发展已经成为一个世界性的课题,也是现阶段我国全面建设小康社会过程中凸现出来的一项新课题.在生态环境危机和区域矛盾日益加剧的社会背景下,构建生态补偿机制已成为资源型城市可持续发展的重要措施,有利于缩小区际间的差距,促进环境建设,同时也符合时代发展的主旋律.从资源型城市生态环境问题突出、转型动力不足、社会问题突出、地方财政困难等方面阐述了构建资源型城市生态补偿机制的必要性,在此基础上着重从法律保障、补偿标准、横向财政转移支付、生态保护与经济增长、体制机制等方面分析我国资源型城市生态补偿面临的障碍因素,并对我国资源型城市生态补偿运行机制做了进一步探讨.     

汽车行业绿色供应链环境绩效评价的探讨

文章在充分调研汽车行业典型企业绿色供应链环境成本和环境风险的基础上,对绩效评价存在的环境问题进行分析,期望降低企业供应链各个环节中的环境风险和环境成本。通过层次分析法建立绩效评价模型,得出绩效评价指标权重,期望研究结果可为汽车行业企业对绿色供应链管理环境绩效的评价提供借鉴和参考。     

环境规制下企业实施主动型环境战略的动因与阻力研究基于重污染企业的问卷调查

环境污染、生态破坏、资源耗竭已成为严重制约经济可持续发展、危害人类健康的重大问题。面对日益严重的环境问题,政府不断强化环境规制,引导企业进行绿色经营。企业应如何适应规制、采取何种环境战略,使其在绿色经营中发挥作用已成为政府和企业亟待解决的问题。采用问卷调查的形式对环境规制下重污染企业实施主动型环境战略的阻力与动因进行研究,明确了企业实施主动型环境战略的主要阻力及主要驱动因素,分析了其中的内在机理,为相关研究提供了第一手资料。     

企业绿色供应链管理实践的阶段性及其特征研究

本文在总结绿色供应链管理(GSCM)的现有研究成果与实践经验的基础上,提出可将企业在推进GSCM的实践划分为4个阶段:生存需求阶段、初步合作阶段、源头绿色化阶段、自我价值实现阶段。设计了调查问卷,对165家国内企业在推进GSCM的实践情况进行了调研。研究结果表明:这些企业在GSCM方面尚处于初级阶段,具体表现为由"消极应对"向"有所策划和初步实践"过渡;这一阶段的主要实施手段包括"回收利用生产过程中产生的废料"、"要求供应商提供清洁环保的产品"、"为消费者提供产品相关的环境信息"、"推进清洁生产审核"等。通过该实证研究以期为政府有关部门制定促进可持续发展的相关政策提供参考。     

Circular economy practices among Chinese manufacturers varying in environmental-oriented supply chain cooperation and the performance implications

The rapidly growing industrial activities in emerging economies such as China have been causing resource depletion and pollution problems. This reality requires China to adopt an integrated management approach to resolve the conflict between industrial development and environmental protection, and the concept of circular economy (CE) serves this purpose. In this paper, we examine if different types of manufacturing enterprises on environmental-oriented supply chain cooperation (ESCC) exist. We also determine if the Chinese manufacturer types varying in ESCC differ in their implementation of the CE practices towards achieving the CE-targeted goals on improving both environmental and economic performance. Our cluster analytic results with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) among the four identified types of Chinese manufacturers varying in environmental-oriented supply chain cooperation highlight the importance to intensify the cooperation with upstream and downstream supply chain partners for a CE initiative to succeed.     

A fuzzy multi criteria approach for evaluating green supplier's performance in green supply chain with linguistic preferences

Today's international business environment has forced many firms to focus on supply chain management to gain a competitive advantage. During recent years, supplier selection process in the supply chain has become a key strategic consideration. With the growing worldwide awareness of environmental protection and the corresponding increase in legislation and regulations, green purchasing has become an important issue for companies to gain environmental sustainability. Traditionally, companies consider criteria such as price, quality and lead time, when evaluating supplier performance and do not give enough attention to environmental criteria as a means to evaluate suppliers. Now, many companies have begun to implement green supply chain management (GSCM) and to consider environmental issues and the measurement of their suppliers’ environmental performance. This paper examines GSCM to propose a fuzzy multi criteria approach for green suppliers’ evaluation. We apply fuzzy set theory to translate the subjective human perceptions into a solid crisp value. These linguistic preferences are combined through fuzzy TOPSIS to generate an overall performance score for each supplier. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Comparing Scales of Environmental Effects from Gasoline and Ethanol Production

Understanding the environmental effects of alternative fuel production is critical to characterizing the sustainability of energy resources to inform policy and regulatory decisions. The magnitudes of these environmental effects vary according to the intensity and scale of fuel production along each step of the supply chain. We compare the spatial extent and temporal duration of ethanol and gasoline production processes and environmental effects based on a literature review and then synthesize the scale differences on space–time diagrams. Comprehensive assessment of any fuel-production system is a moving target, and our analysis shows that decisions regarding the selection of spatial and temporal boundaries of analysis have tremendous influences on the comparisons. Effects that strongly differentiate gasoline and ethanol-supply chains in terms of scale are associated with when and where energy resources are formed and how they are extracted. Although both gasoline and ethanol production may result in negative environmental effects, this study indicates that ethanol production traced through a supply chain may impact less area and result in more easily reversed effects of a shorter duration than gasoline production.     

基于CAS视角的供应链环境协同治理研究

为探究供应链环境协同治理问题,本文从复杂适应系统视角分析了供应链环境协同治理中内部主体之间以及内外部主体间的协同作用机理,以此为基础构建了供应链环境协同治理模型。为探究协同治理机制在该模型中的实际成效,本文运用多主体仿真技术,对二级供应链模型进行仿真模拟,验证了协同治理在企业运营发展以及供应链整体环境绩效方面的提升作用,并针对协同模型中制造商零售商间减排成本分担系数进行调整,检验上下游企业间减排成本分担系数变化对供应链环境治理效果的影响。仿真结果显示,虽然供应链整体利润随着制造商承担的减排成本增加而增加,但供应链单位产值排放量却随之呈现先下降后上升的趋势,进一步验证了协同治理的效果。     

碳责任账户的目标原则、分配逻辑与框架构建：账户建立

气候变化是全人类面临的共同挑战。实施碳排放责任分配是促进多方排放行为主体为应对气候变化采取减排行动的重要手段。由于攸关各参与主体的实际利益,基于不同的分配视角（如生产侧、消费侧等）、减排目标（碳排放总量、碳排放强度等）和分配原则等,碳排放责任分配研究经历了一系列的发展与演化。本文对碳排放责任的历史发展和分配原则演变进行综述,阐述了以公平、效率以及兼具公平和效率为目标导向的碳排放责任分配机制,并从排放配额、排放要求和减排目标三个方面对基于供应链的企业碳责任分配进行了探讨。最后,提出在生产过程日益分散、空间生产碎片化的当前环境下,需要沿着生产网络、确定基于供应链的碳责任分配方案,以激发和鼓励供应链所有成员为减缓气候变化做出共同努力。     

发展环保产业要选择正确途径

指出发展环保产业要选择正确途径,政府应为环境保护产业的发展和产业链的构建搭建一个完善的政策平台,为环境保护产业的发展创造条件;只注重环境保护技术设备的生产和供给市场,而忽视环境污染治理需求市场的培育和启动,就背离了市场供给和需求的逻辑关系。     

SMEs and voluntary environmental initiatives: a study of stakeholders' perspectives in Hong Kong

The environmental performance of Hong Kong's businesses is currently perceived as rather poor. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in particular are mostly unaware of the environmental impact of their business. Government and professional bodies have recently started to develop various initiatives to improve the SME sector's awareness of environmental and social issues, and external factors such as supply chain requirements, consumer preferences and energy prices are also exerting a growing influence. Based on extensive interviews with representatives of seven key stakeholder groups, this paper explores the effectiveness of such drivers to engage SMEs with environmental change and corporate social responsibility (CSR). It finds that most existing efforts, such as environmental support programmes and award schemes, do not have a great impact on the environmental and social performance of Hong Kong's SMEs.     

An institutional theoretic investigation on the links between internationalization of Chinese manufacturers and their environmental supply chain management

Increased market internationalization with more and stricter environmental regulations in different countries has caused manufacturers to extend their environmental management practices to cover their supply chain partners. Thus, environmental supply chain management (ESCM) has become an important competitive and environmental strategy for manufacturers to pursue. China, as a global manufacturer, is also facing this balance of economic development with environmental protection. The literature remains unclear on whether internationalization is beneficial or costly when it comes to environmental management practices such as ESCM within China. Further insight into this issue will be useful for organizations in developing and emergent economies to more effectively prepare for internationalizing their operations and markets. Using internationalization drivers that propel the implementation of environmental management practices in the Chinese manufacturing industry, we applied cluster analysis to group a sample of 377 Chinese manufacturers surveyed in 2007 into three clusters: mature internationalization, emergent internationalization, and domestic-focused. Institutional theory within an internationalization context sets the theoretical foundation for evidence that the international environmentally oriented institutional drivers encountered are positively associated with the adoption of ESCM practices by Chinese manufacturers. We also find significant differences in the environmental, economic and operational performance outcomes across the three manufacturer clusters. We conclude that manufacturing organizations experiencing internationalization with a greater extent of adopting ESCM practices tend to perform better.