Biosorption of lead(II) in aqueous solution by spent mushroom Tricholoma lobayense

The biosorption of lead(II) ions in both simulated and real wastewater by spent mushroom Tricholoma lobayense, was studied in this work. The results show a biomass with a high potential for removing lead ions from wastewater. The optimum pH for the adsorption is 4, and the adsorption process is fast. The best sorbent mass of the biomaterial is 5 g/L with an initial lead(II) concentration of 1 mmol/L. The process follows the Langmuir isotherm model, and the biosorption capacity of lead ions reaches to 210 mg/g, which is higher than many biosorbents previously studied. The mechanism of biosorption may be mainly attributed to ion exchange. The FT-IR study identifies the functional groups responsible for this process. A scanning electron microscope showed a significant change of the sorbent surface after the biosorption process. The energy dispersive elemental analysis also confirmed the adsorption of lead(II) ions.     

The marine macroalga Cystoseira baccata as biosorbent for cadmium(II) and lead(II) removal: kinetic and equilibrium studies

This work reports kinetic and equilibrium studies of cadmium(II) and lead(II) adsorption by the brown seaweed Cystoseira baccata. Kinetic experiments demonstrated rapid metal uptake. Kinetic data were satisfactorily described by a pseudo-second order chemical sorption process. Temperature change from 15 to 45 degrees C showed small variation on kinetic parameters. Langmuir-Freundlich equation was selected to describe the metal isotherms and the proton binding in acid-base titrations. The maximum metal uptake values were around 0.9 mmol g(-1) (101 and 186 mg g(-1) for cadmium(II) and lead(II), respectively) at pH 4.5 (raw biomass), while the number of weak acid groups were 2.2 mmol g(-1) and their proton binding constant, K(H), 10(3.67) (protonated biomass). FTIR analysis confirmed the participation of carboxyl groups in metal uptake. The metal sorption was found to increase with the solution pH reaching a plateau above pH 4. Calcium and sodium nitrate salts in solution were found to affect considerably the metal biosorption.     

Characterization and lead(II), cadmium(II), nickel(II) biosorption of dried marine brown macro algae Cystoseira barbata

Purpose

The objectives of this research are to identify the functional groups and determine corresponding pK _a values of the acidic sites on dried brown algae Cystoseira barbata using FTIR and potentiometric titrations, and to investigate the biosorption ability of biomass towards divalent nickel, cadmium, and lead ions. Adsorption was studied as a function of solution pH and contact time, and experimental data were evaluated by the Langmuir isotherm model.

Methods

CaCl₂ pretreatment was applied to the sorbent for enhancing the metal uptake capacity. The effect of solution pH on biosorption equilibrium was investigated in the pH range of 1.5?C5.0. Individual as well as competitive adsorption capacity of the sorbent were studied for metal cations and mixtures.

Results

The retention of the tested metal ions was mostly influenced from pH in the range of 1.5?C2.5, then stayed almost constant up to 5.0, while Ni(II) uptake showed the highest variation with pH. Potentiometric titrations were performed to find the number of strong and weak acidic groups and their acidity constants. The density of strong and weak acidic functional groups in the biomass were found to be 0.9 and 2.26?mmol/g, respectively. The FTIR spectra of the sorbent samples indicated various functionalities on the biomass surface including carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amino and sulphonate groups which are responsible for the binding of metal ions.

Conclusions

The capacity of the biomass for single metal ions (around 1?mmol/g) was increased to 1.3?mmol/g in competitive adsorption, Pb(II) showing the highest Langmuir intensity constant. Considering its extremely high abundance and low cost, C. barbata may be potentially important in metal ion removal from contaminated water and industrial effluents.     

Lead biosorption and desorption by intact and pretreated spirulina maxima biomass

In order to search for locally available and untried biomaterials in China with high removal capacity of heavy metals from wastewater, the feasibility of Spirulina maxima as biosorbent for lead removal and recovery from aqueous solution was investigated. The lead biosorption was studied by using intact biomass and pretreated biomass of S. maxima. The effects of operational conditions (e.g. pH, contact time, biomass concentration etc.) on lead biosorption were investigated. The biosorption was solution pH dependent and the maximum adsorption was obtained at a solution pH of about 5.5. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 60 min. The biosorption followed the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum removal ratios of lead were about 84% in intact biomass and 92% in pretreated biomass. The lead adsorbed could be desorbed effectively by 0.1 M nitric acid, EDTA and hydrochloric acid. The results in this study indicated that pretreated biomass of S. maxima was a promising candidate for removing lead from wastewater.     

Biosorption of Pb(II) by biomass of KC-2: kinetic, equilibrium and characteristic studies

Performance and characteristics of biosorption of Pb(II) had been studied in a batch system using the fungal strain biomass, KC-2. The biosorption performance was investigated by analysing the effects of such factors as the initial pH, initial Pb(II) concentration, and contact time at 303 K. The maximum Pb(II) adsorption was obtained at pH 5.0. The experimental data were described by the pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models, and were closely followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium experimental data were well fitted to Langmuir model and the maximum biosorption capacity was 84.03 mg g(-1). The adsorption mechanism was examined by FTIR, SEM and EDAX analysis. Results indicated that carboxylic, hydroxyl and amine groups were involved in the biosorption and ion exchange mechanism existed.     

Biosorption characteristics of Bacillus gibsonii S-2 waste biomass for removal of lead (II) from aqueous solution

Lead (II) has been as one of the most toxic heavy metals because it is associated with many health hazards. Therefore, people are increasingly interested in discovering new methods for effectively and economically scavenging lead (II) from the aquatic system. Recent studies demonstrate biosorption is a promising technology for the treatment of pollutant streams. To apply these techniques, suitable adsorbents with high efficiency and low cost are demanded. The waste biomass of Bacillus gibsonii S-2 biosorbent was used as low-cost biosorbent to remove metallic cations lead (II) from aqueous solution. To optimize the maximum removal efficiency, the effect of pH and temperature on the adsorption process was studied. The isotherm models, kinetic models and thermodynamic parameters were analysed to describe the adsorptive behaviour of B. gibsonii S-2 biosorbent. The mechanisms of lead (II) biosorption were also analysed by FTIR and EDX. The results showed that the optimum pH values for the biosorption at three different temperatures, i.e. 20, 30 and 40 °C, were determined as 4. The equilibrium data were well fitted to Langmuir model, with the maximum lead (II) uptake capacities of 333.3 mg?g^?1. The kinetics for lead (II) biosorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The thermodynamic data showed that the biosorption process were endothermic (?G?<?0), spontaneous (?H?>?0) and irreversible (?S?>?0). The mechanism of lead (II) biosorption by the waste biomass of B. gibsonii S-2 biosorbent could be a combination of ion exchange and complexation with the functional groups present on the biosorbent surface. The application of the waste biomass of B. gibsonii S-2 for lead (II) adsorption, characterized with higher lead (II) sorption capacity and lower cost, may find potential application in industrial wastewater treatment.     

满江红干体对锌离子的生物吸附

以满江红干体为生物吸附剂，研究了不同条件下对废水中Zn²⁺的净化作用。结果表明，满江红干体对Zn²⁺的吸附是一个快速的过程，前5 min的吸附量达到最大吸附量的62.9%，30 min达到吸附平衡；初始pH值对Zn²⁺的吸附有显著的影响，最适pH值为6；随着干体量的增加，吸附率逐渐提高而吸附量则降低；随着Zn²⁺初始浓度的增加，吸附率逐渐降低而吸附量则提高。满江红干体对Zn²⁺的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线方程，最大吸附容量达57.5 mg/g。5次吸附解吸循环实验数据表明，重复次数和再生处理对满江红干体的吸附能力没有产生显著影响。因此，满江红干体在处理含Zn²⁺废水中的重复使用是可行的。     

A comparative investigation on the biosorption of lead by filamentous fungal biomass

The removal of lead from aqueous solutions by adsorption on filamentous fungal biomass was studied. Batch biosorption experiments were performed to screen a series of selected fungal strains for effective lead removal at different metal and biomass concentrations. Biosorption of the Pb²⁺ ions was strongly affected by pH. The fungal biomass exhibited the highest lead adsorption capacity at pH 6. Isotherms for the biosorption of lead on fungal biomass were developed and the equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model. At pH 6, the maximum lead biosorption capacity of Mucor rouxii estimated with the Langmuir model was 769 mg/g dry biomass, significantly higher than that of most microorganisms. Biomass of Mucor rouxii showed specific selectivity for Pb²⁺ over other metals ions such as Zn²⁺. Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺. This fungal strain may be applied to develop potentially cost-effective biosorbent for removing lead from effluents. The technique of scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray dispersion analysis shows that Pb²⁺ has exchanged with K⁺ and Ca²⁺ on the cell wall of Mucor rouxii, thereby suggesting ion exchange as one of the dominant mechanisms of metal biosorption for this fungal strain.     

非固定化和固定化啤酒酵母对Cd^2＋和Cu^2＋的吸附特性研究

对比了不同吸附剂对重金属的吸附效果，同时研究了啤酒酵母的固定化方法、菌体用量对吸附效果的影响、非同定化和固定化啤酒酵母吸附热力学特性。研究结果表明，非固定化死啤酒酵母对Cd^2＋的单位菌体吸附量是常用吸附剂活性炭的3倍；由1：3的海藻酸钠与碱处理啤酒酵母（w／w）制得的固定化颗粒吸附效果最好；菌体用量的增加会降低单位菌体对重金属的吸附量；啤酒酵母对重金属的吸附位点有限，Cd^2＋的实际最大吸附量为13．95mg／g，Cu^2＋为7．67μg／g。非固定化和固定化啤酒酵母对Cu^2＋和Cd^2＋的等温吸附过程均可用Linear方程、Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程来进行拟合，但非同定化啤酒酵母以Langmuir方程最优，其拟合计算的最大吸附量qmzxCd和qmxxCu分别为13．96mg／g和8．01mg／g；固定化啤酒酵母以Freundlich方程最优，实际最大吸附量Cd为75．41mg／g，Cu为66．58mg／g。     

3种大型海藻对含铅废水的生物吸附研究

运用批吸附技术研究了海带、裙带菜和条斑紫菜对水溶液中Pb2+的吸附特性。结果表明:pH是影响生物吸附的重要因素,海带和裙带菜吸附Pb2+的适宜pH在3~5之间,紫菜吸附Pb2+的最佳pH为4;在20~40℃范围内,3种海藻对Pb2+的生物吸附非常快,40 min达到吸附平衡,动力学数据符合准二级动力学模型;Langmuir和Freundlich模型成功地拟合了平衡数据。热力学分析表明吸附能够自发进行。红外光谱分析表明,羧基是海带和裙带菜吸附Pb2+的主要官能团。实验结果表明,用这3种海藻吸附剂对水溶液中Pb2+具有较好的吸附性能,海带和裙带菜的吸附容量相近,优于紫菜。     

Biosorption of Cr(VI) by free and immobilized Pediastrum boryanum biomass: equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies

Background and purpose

The biosorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution has been studied using free and immobilized Pediastrum boryanum cells in a batch system. The algal cells were immobilized in alginate and alginate?Cgelatin beads via entrapment, and their algal cell free counterparts were used as control systems during biosorption studies of Cr(VI).

Methods

The changes in the functional groups of the biosorbents formulations were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra. The effect of pH, equilibrium time, initial concentration of metal ions, and temperature on the biosorption of Cr(VI) ion was investigated.

Results

The maximum Cr(VI) biosorption capacities were found to be 17.3, 6.73, 14.0, 23.8, and 29.6?mg/g for the free algal cells, and alginate, alginate?Cgelatin, alginate?Ccells, and alginate?Cgelatin?Ccells at pH?2.0, which are corresponding to an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 400?mg/L. The biosorption of Cr(VI) on all the tested biosorbents (P. boryanum cells, alginate, alginate?Cgelatin, and alginate?Ccells, alginate?Cgelatin?Ccells) followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.

Conclusion

The thermodynamic studies indicated that the biosorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature under studied conditions. For all the tested biosorbents, biosorption kinetic was best described by the pseudo-second-order model.     

厌氧颗粒污泥藻酸盐对铜离子的吸附研究

从厌氧颗粒污泥中成功提取出细菌藻酸盐并制备成藻酸钙吸附剂,研究其对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附性能。实验结果表明,接触时间、Cu~(2+)初始浓度和溶液初始pH是影响Cu~(2+)吸附性能的重要因素。吸附等温线研究表明,Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型能更好地描述吸附过程。Cu~(2+)在藻酸钙上的吸附动力学过程可以很好地用Pseudo二级动力学方程来描述。以100 mmol/L HCI为解吸剂,可有效洗脱藻酸钙上95%的Cu~(2+),实现Cu~(2+)的回收。     

Marine macrophytes as effective lead biosorbents

Several species of seagrass and marine macrophytes were investigated for their biosorption performance in the removal of lead from aqueous solution. The effect of pH on the equilibrium of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa as a biosorbent also was studied. It was found that increasing pH increased lead biosorption, with a maximum uptake of approximately 140 mg/g in the range pH 3.3 to 5. Equilibrium data at different pH levels were successfully fitted to competitive equilibrium models. In addition, the seaweeds belonging to different phyla (i.e., Chlorophyta, Heterokontophyta, and Rhodophyta) were studied for the effect of their structure on equilibrium at a constant pH 5. The brown algae (Heterokontophyta) showed the highest potential for lead sorption, with a maximum uptake of 220 mg/g for C. compressa and 140 mg/g for S. lomentaria. The green algae (Chlorophyta) showed lead uptake in the range 40 to 90 mg/g, and the red algae (Rhodophyta) was least effective, with uptake in the range 10 to 40 mg/g.     

Application of a magnetotactic bacterium, Stenotrophomonas sp. to the removal of Au(III) from contaminated wastewater with a magnetic separator

In this study, the feasibility of applying a magnetotactic bacterial isolate (MTB), Stenotrophomonas sp. to the removal of Au(III) was investigated. Biosorption experiments showed that Au(III) biosorption capacity exhibited no significant difference in the initial pH range of 1.0-5.5, while decreased more significantly in the initial pH range of 5.5-13.0. Langmuir isotherm indicated that the maximum Au(III) biosorption capacity of Stenotrophomonas sp. were 506, 369 and 308 mg g(-1) dry weight biomass at the initial pH values of 2.0, 7.0 and 12.0, respectively. Thiourea was proved to be an effective desorbent to recover Au from the MTB biomass and 91% Au adsorbed on the biomass could be recovered at equilibrium when the thiourea concentration was 0.8M. The magnetic separator developed by our research team used for separating Au loaded MTB biomass showed high separation efficiency, with 100% biomass removed at the magnetic intensity of 1200 Gs in 180 min. The analyses from FTIR and XRD further confirmed that the reduction of Au(III) to Au(0) by the reductants on the MTB biomass occurred, and the deposition of nano-crystal Au(0) particles, ranging from 24.7 to 31.4 nm, could be estimated on the biomass surface.     

Loofa sponge immobilized fungal biosorbent: a robust system for cadmium and other dissolved metal removal from aqueous solution

The potential of loofa sponge discs to immobilize fungal biomass of Phanerochaete chrysosporium (a known biosorbent) was investigated as a low cost biosorbent for the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution. A comparison of the biosorption of Cd(II) by immobilized and free fungal biomass from 10 to 500 mg l(-1) aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of over 19% when the biomass is immobilized (maximum biosorption capacity of 89 and 74 mg Cd(II) g(-1) biomass for immobilized and free biomass respectively at a solution pH of 6). Equilibrium was established within 1h and biosorption was well defined by the Langmuir isotherm model. The immobilized biomass could be regenerated using 50 mM HCl, with up to 99% metal recovery and reused in ten biosorption-desorption cycles without significant loss of capacity. This study suggests that such an immobilized biosorbent system has the potential to be used in the industrial removal/recovery of cadmium and other pollutant metal ions from aqueous solution.     

Biosorption of strontium from aqueous solution by fungus Aspergillus terreus

INTRODUCTION: The biosorption characteristics of strontium ions using fungus Aspergillus terreus were investigated. Experimental parameters affecting the biosorption process such as pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, and temperature were studied. MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION: Fungus A. terreus exhibited the highest strontium uptake capacity at 15°C at an initial strontium ion concentration of 876 mg L(-1) and an initial pH of 9. Biosorption capacity increased from 219 to 308 mg g(-1) with a decrease in temperature from 45°C to 15°C at this initial strontium concentration. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir adsorption model in the concentration range of strontium ions and at all the temperatures studied. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of the experimental data in terms of biosorption dynamics showed that the biosorption of strontium onto fungus followed the pseudo-second-order dynamics well (R(2)?>?0.985). The calculated thermodynamics parameters (-1.64?相似文献   

Biosorption of alpacide blue from aqueous solution by lignocellulosic biomass: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Luffa cylindrica</Emphasis> fibers

The aim of the present work is to develop an effective and inexpensive pollutant-removal technology using lignocellulosic fibers: Luffa cylindrica, for the biosorption of an anionic dye: alpacide blue. The influence of some experimental parameters such as pH, temperature, initial concentration of the polluted solution, and mass of the sorbent L. cylindrica on the biosorption of alpacide blue by L. cylindrica fibers has been investigated. Optimal parameters for maximum quantity of biosorption dye were achieved after 2 h of treatment in a batch system using an initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L, a mass of 1 g of L. cylindrica fibers, and pH 2. In these conditions, the quantity of dye retained is 2 mg/g and the retention rate is 78 %. Finally, a mathematical modeling of kinetics and isotherms has been used for mathematical modeling; the model of pseudo-second order is more appropriate to describe this phenomenon of biosorption. Concerning biosorption isotherms, the Freundlich model is the most appropriate for a biosorption of alpacide blue dye by L. cylindrica fibers.     

Parameterization and evaluation of sulfate adsorption in a dynamic soil chemistry model

Sulfate adsorption was implemented in the dynamic, multi-layer soil chemistry model SAFE. The process is modeled by an isotherm in which sulfate adsorption is considered to be fully reversible and dependent on sulfate concentration as well as pH in soil solution. The isotherm was parameterized by a site-specific series of simple batch experiments at different pH (3.8-5.0) and sulfate concentration (10-260 micromol 1(-1)) levels. Application of the model to the Lake Gardsj6n roof covered site shows that including sulfate adsorption improves the dynamic behavior of the model and sulfate adsorption and desorption delay acidification and recovery of the soil. The modeled adsorbed pool of sulfate at the site reached a maximum level of 700 mmol/m(2) in the late 1980s, well in line with experimental data.     

Biosorption of reactive black 5 by Corynebacterium glutamicum biomass immobilized in alginate and polysulfone matrices

Corynebacterium glutamicum, a lysine fermentation industry waste, showed promise for the removal of Reactive black 5 (RB5). Due to practical difficulties in solid-liquid separation, the free biomass was immobilized in two polymer matrices: calcium alginate and polysulfone. Initially, the optimization of biomass loading in polymeric beads and bead dosage were examined. Of the different combinations examined, 4% (with bead dosage of 2 g per 40 ml) and 14% (with bead dosage of 1 g per 40 ml) in the case of alginate and polysulfone beads, respectively, were identified as the optimal conditions. According to the Langmuir model, at pH 1, the maximum RB5 uptakes of 352, 282 and 291 mg g(-1) were observed for free, alginate and polysulfone-immobilized biomass, respectively. According to the Weber-Morris model, intraparticle diffusion was found to be the potential rate limiting step for the immobilized beads. Regeneration experiments, with 0.01 M NaOH and Na(2)CO(3) as eluents, revealed that polysulfone beads exhibited invariable RB5 uptake capacity and very high mechanical stability even at the end of twentieth cycle, confirming the technical feasibility of the biosorption process for industrial applications.