铜渣与含砷污酸反应行为及除砷机理

分析铜渣组成结构和形貌特性的基础上,研究了铜渣与含砷污酸反应行为及脱砷规律,阐明了反应动力学过程,揭示了铜渣除砷机理.结果表明：在铜渣用量为0.2g/mL,反应温度为23℃,反应时间为24h的最优条件下,铜渣的最大去除容量达到25.89mg/g,除砷率达到99.56%,并且除砷后铜渣的砷浸出浓度低于5mg/L的危险废弃物界定限值,属于一般固体废弃物.铜渣除砷过程符合拟二级动力学模型,该过程受铁离子释放速度限制,离子交换吸附和化学沉淀方式同步进行实现了砷的脱除,两种方式的结合有利于砷的稳定化.铜渣与污酸反应释放大量的铁离子,通过离子交换吸附与砷酸根离子发生沉淀反应,形成较为稳定的砷酸盐及其衍生化合物,进而达到除砷目的.铜渣表现出优越的除砷性能,为重有色冶炼污酸处置提供了一种高效和低成本的方法.     

用偏高岭石、铜矿尾砂、粉煤灰生产土聚水泥试验

以偏高岭石和固体废物铜矿尾砂、粉煤灰为基料,以氢氧化钠、水玻璃等作为激发剂,在室温条件下制备土聚水泥。通过正交试验,研究不同基料配比、激发剂、外加剂的不同加入量等因素对试条抗压强度的影响,并确定最优配方;同时通过SEM观察了土聚水泥的形貌并研究了土壤聚合的反应机理。结果表明:其最佳配方中铜矿尾砂、粉煤灰的质量比之和接近60%,7天抗压强度比标号为P.O42.5的水泥高5%;该土聚水泥呈层状结构,缝隙较小,结构紧密。     

电石渣废水的综合治理

1　概　述1.1　电石渣废水的来源及组成　　聚氯乙烯 (ＰＶＣ)是重要的化工原料 ,电石乙炔法生产聚氯乙烯工艺简单、成熟 ,至今已有 6 0余年工业史。电石乙炔法生产聚氯乙烯工艺 ,1吨产品耗用 1.5吨电石 ,同时生成 15吨含固量约 12 %的工业废液 ,俗称电石渣浆 ,对它的处置一直令生产厂家头痛。　　电石渣浆的组成见表 1。表 1　电石渣浆组成ｐＨＳＳ(ｍｇ Ｌ)ＣＯＤ(ｍｇ Ｌ) Ｓ2 - (ｍｇ Ｌ) Ｐ(ｍｇ Ｌ)12～ 14 10 4 ～ 2 .5× 10 580 0～ 2 0 0 0 10 0～ 5 0 0 0 .1～ 4 .0　　将电石渣浆过滤后分析澄清液组成和经过干燥的沉淀物组成 ,分…     

不同稳定化材料对废渣中As的固定效果

采用典型硫化物、钙基和铁铝基（Fe⁰、铁盐、Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃）等共10种材料对含砷（As）废渣进行稳定化处理,通过5种模拟不同风险场景的单一化学浸提法,筛选出不同场景下固As效果好的材料,并通过连续化学形态浸提和微观结构表征揭示典型材料的固As机理.结果表明,自然场景下Na₂S·9H₂O固As效果最好,其它场景固As能力最强的依次是Fe⁰和FeSO₄·7H₂O,其中,Fe⁰最适用于有机弱酸和强酸雨场景,FeSO₄·7H₂O在5种场景中均有固As效果,但差异性较大,在有机弱酸场景下效果最好,TCLP浸出As降至1.50 μg/L,固As率达99.98%.FeSO₄·7H₂O固As作用主要是降低弱酸可提取态,将非专性/专性吸附态、无定形和弱结晶铁铝或铁锰态转化为结晶铁铝或铁锰态和残渣态,处理后有少量难溶的铁砷矿物（即臭葱石和砷铁矿）等生成.     

钢渣吸附剂吸附机理的研究

采用间歇振荡法,研究了钢渣吸附模式、选择性以及等温吸附方程。结果表明,钢渣对阳离子的吸附容量远远大于对阴离子的吸附容量,其吸附模式属于离子交换;其对重金属离子具有一定的吸附选择性,其选择性能与离子的电性、电价、离子半径和水化热等因素有关;钢渣吸附Pb2＋是单层吸附,符合Langmuir等温吸附方程。     

Research of green cement clinker calcinated from ferrochrome slag

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医用玻璃及医疗垃圾灰渣的结渣特性研究

医疗垃圾的特性和成分是改善焚烧装置设计、运行及控制性能的重要参数.为了研究医用玻璃对医疗垃圾焚烧炉的影响,从医疗废物处置中心采集了玻璃和灰渣样品,分析了其化学组分和熔融温度.与煤灰成分相比,医用玻璃中的SiO2和碱金属氧化物含量较高.通过不同玻璃间的比较,总结了化学组分对熔融温度的影响.软化温度随着SiO2、CaO含量的增加而升高,但随B2O3、Na2O含量的增加而迅速降低.改变不同玻璃的混合比例.研究了混合玻璃的熔融特性.利用煤灰结渣指数对医疗垃圾灰渣的结渣倾向进行了判定.结果显示,仅沾污指数能够对灰渣得出适宜的判别.     

钢渣碱活化过硫酸盐降解双酚A

通过钢渣水解后产生的碱性溶液活化过硫酸盐（PS）降解水中的双酚A（BPA）,考察了钢渣、过硫酸钾投加量对体系降解能力的影响.结果表明,在25℃,当投加3g/L钢渣以及2g/L过硫酸钾时,浓度50μg/L的BPA溶液可在1h后被降解72%.扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析及X射线荧光分析表征反应前后的钢渣,结果表明反应后钢渣的CaO及FeO含量均下降.自由基淬灭实验结果表明体系中同时存在O₂^·-,SO₄^·-和·OH 3种活性氧物种,对BPA降解的贡献分别占68.97%,9.52%和21.51%.在自来水中由于含有HCO₃^-水解过程而使降解效率升高,在市政废水出水中由于其他有机污染物对活性氧物种的竞争湮灭而使降解效率降低.机理推断认为,钢渣活化K₂S₂O₈体系中,自由基的生成由两类反应共同实现,除碱活化过程外还包含少量的氧化亚铁催化过程.LC/MS结果表明BPA的降解产物主要包括二羟基的醌及羧酸类物质.     

从硬质合金处理渣中回收氧化钴

根据硫酸钠熔炼法处理废合金所得钴渣组成特点 ,通过氧化焙烧、酸分解、水解除杂、沉钴和煅烧等工序制取氧化钴。焙烧最佳工艺条件为 :NaNO3用量为钴渣量的 0 8倍 ,焙烧温度 75 0℃ ,时间 2 5h。盐酸分解、喷淋水解除铁、草酸铵沉钴和煅烧阶段钴的回收率 ( % )分别为 97 5、96 6、99 5和 99 0 ,使Co、Ta的回收率分别达到 92 78%和 85 %。     

Phosphate removal from domestic wastewater using thermally modified steel slag

This study was performed to investigate the removal of phosphate from domestic wastewater using a modified steel slag as the adsorbent. The adsorption effects of alkalinity, salt, water,and thermal modification were investigated. The results showed that thermal activation at 800℃ for 1 hr was the optimum operation to improve the adsorption capacity. The adsorption process of the thermally modified slag was well described by the Elovich kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir model reached 13.62 mg/g. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the surface of the modified slag was cracked and that the texture became loose after heating. The surface area and pore volume did not change after thermal modification. In the treatment of domestic wastewater, the modified slag bed(35.5 kg) removed phosphate effectively and operated for 158 days until the effluent P rose above the limit concentration of 0.5 mg/L. The phosphate fractionation method, which is often applied in soil research, was used to analyze the phosphate adsorption behavior in the slag bed. The analysis revealed that the total contents of various Ca–P forms accounted for 81.4%–91.1%, i.e., Ca10–P 50.6%–65.1%, Ca8–P 17.8%–25.0%,and Ca2–P 4.66%–9.20%. The forms of Al–P, Fe–P, and O–P accounted for only 8.9%–18.6%. The formation of Ca10–P precipitates was considered to be the main mechanism of phosphate removal in the thermally modified slag bed.     

电石渣和铝土粉的高温燃烧脱硫特性及微观分析

研究了电石渣和铝土粉作为燃煤添加剂的高温脱硫特性及其微观反应机理，发现在1200℃下燃煤中同时添加电石渣和铝土粉时，低温硫析出峰与只添加电石渣时几乎一致，而高温硫析出峰则大大降低，从而使脱硫率由30．5％明显提高到45．19％．XRD和SEM分析表明：电石渣中富含的CaO以及铝土粉中富含的Al2O3，与燃煤固硫过程中生成的部分CaSO4在高温下反应生成了耐热物相“硫铝酸钙”，是钙铝基添加剂比单纯钙基具有更高脱硫率的最主要原因．另外铝土粉增强了电石渣燃煤固硫渣的熔融程度，从而使硅酸盐熔融物有更多机会将CaSO4等固硫产物包裹以抑制其高温分解，是它具有更高脱硫率的另一个原因．     

Removal of copper from a copper sulphate solution using an ultrasonic-electrolysis process

The application of ultrasonic-electrolysis process for the removal of copper is studied.In the ultrasonic field cavitation acts as jets and agitates the solution and breaks the barrier layer between the cathode surface and the bulk of the solution.Thus increases metal deposition on the cathode surface.The results show that an ultrasonic field is successful for the removal of low copper concentrations in solution.     

城市生活垃圾的生物工程堆肥化利用

在建立节约型社会、发展循环经济时代,通过对城市生活垃圾3种处理方法的比较得出,以堆肥方式通过生物工程技术对城市生活垃圾进行科学合理处置,是达到城市生活垃圾无害化、资源化、减量化、规模化处理的最佳选择。     

切割钢渣活化过硫酸盐降解偶氮类染料酸性红73

切割钢渣是钢铁生产过程中的固体废弃物,如何有效处理和利用这些废渣具有减少环境污染、实现废物资源化的重要意义.本文选择河北邢台钢铁厂中切割钢渣为过硫酸盐(PS)活化剂,活化过硫酸盐(PS)去除水相中偶氮染料酸性红73(AR73),实验表明,25 mg·L~(-1) AR73在15 min内,其降解率为99.9%,TOC矿化率达58.6%.同时考察了钢渣投入量、PS浓度、初始pH值等影响因素对AR73降解效率的影响:随着PS浓度、钢渣投入量的增加,AR73的降解速率也逐渐增加;在pH为3～9时,AR73均可被有效去除,酸性条件更有利于AR73的去除.活性自由基猝灭实验表明,酸性红73的降解是通过自由基和非自由基两种机制实现的,且钢渣可多次回收重复利用.钢渣活化PS技术,还可有效去除蒽醌类染料(活性蓝19),其去除率为99.9%,矿化率可达92.0%;同时该技术对某印染废水(COD_(Cr)=5625 mg·L~(-1))的去除率达49.9%.本文所构建的切割钢渣活化过硫酸盐(PS)技术可应用于偶氮印染废水的处理,实现"以废治废"的目标.     

Reduction in toxicity and generation of slag in secondary lead process

This paper focuses on the improvement of a secondary lead recycling processing plant, giving special attention to the generation of lead slag. The study was conducted using two different industrial rotary furnaces that together produce three different slag types, which depend on charge composition and lead-containing raw material obtained from a lead-acid battery recycling process. First, characterization of three slag types from different batches was performed, and such characterization included chemical, mineralogical, and structural analyses. By analyzing these data and the operational conditions of the process, it was possible to identify certain deficiencies in the recycling process and implement modifications in order to improve it. A reduction of up to 25% in the quantity of slag generated could be achieved with certain charges. In addition to this process improvement, it was possible to reduce the toxicity of the slag produced when processing a charge containing the same proportion of paste and grid as the lead-acid battery. This improvement lessens the overall environmental impact of the process. By applying this methodology, it was possible to determine some principles of cleaner production in the lead recycling process. So, waste generation could be reduced via improvements in the process and slag characteristics were modified to decrease its toxicity (as determined by lead content in leaching tests).     

Stabilization effects of surplus soft clay with cement and GBF slag

Utilization of industrial waste and surplus construction soft clay as construction material was recommended, and many attempts at geotechnical waste utilization were undertaken. This study aimed at the application of cement and a kind of industrial wastes, i.e. granulated blast furnace slag, on stabilization of surplus soft clay. The results showed that the cement and slag can successfully stabilize Ariake clays even though this high organic clay fails to be stabilized by lime and cement. Addition of slag in cement for stabilization induces higher strength than cement alone for longer curing time. The application of the cement with slag is more suitable than cement alone for stabilization because of economical consideration.     

转炉钢渣对赤潮异弯藻生长的影响

研究了废料转炉钢渣对海洋微藻——赤潮异弯藻生长的影响,探讨其作为"铁肥"材料的可行性.以海水为培养液,考察了不同浓度的转炉钢渣浸出物对赤潮异弯藻生长的影响.结果表明,随着钢渣浓度的增加,对赤潮异弯藻的生长呈现先促进后抑制的趋势.这种作用在无营养盐限制﹑不添加任何微量元素的大洋水中要比在相同条件的近岸海水中表现得更加明显.当大洋水中钢渣浓度约为248mg/L,近岸海水中约为62mg/L时,微藻生物量相对于空白对照组均有显著提高.     

Adsorption characteristics of copper in rivers contaminated by acid mine drainage from copper mine

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掺磷渣硅酸盐水泥熟料形成动力学的研究

研究了磷渣对硅酸盐水泥熟料形成动力学的影响，得到了熟料形成反应的活化能和动力学常数，研究表明，磷渣是一种较好的矿化剂。