CPB改性沸石对磷酸盐的吸附-解吸性能研究

采用溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)对天然沸石进行改性,并考察了CPB改性沸石对磷酸盐的吸附-解吸性能。结果表明,CPB改性沸石对磷酸盐具备一定的吸附能力,且吸附行为满足Langmuir等温吸附模型;粒径、改性剂投加量、反应温度、pH值及共存阴离子等因素均会影响CPB改性沸石对磷酸盐的吸附能力;减小粒径和降低反应温度均有利于CPB改性沸石对磷酸盐的吸附去除;粒径≤0.18 mm CPB改性沸石吸附磷酸盐较优的改性剂投加量为250 mmol/kg;当溶液的初始pH值位于4~10之间时CPB改性沸石对磷酸盐的吸附能力随pH值的增加而增强;SO42-的存在会明显降低CPB改性沸石对磷酸盐的吸附效率,而提高溶液的pH值有助于消除SO42-存在对CPB改性沸石吸附磷酸盐的负面影响;HCO3-的存在会一定程度上抑制CPB改性沸石对磷酸盐的吸附去除,而提高溶液的pH值无法消除HCO3-存在对CPB改性沸石吸附磷酸盐的负面影响;CPB改性沸石吸附磷酸盐后一定条件下可以重新解吸出来,且随着解吸液SO42-浓度的增加解吸率明显增大。     

天然沸石同步去除水中氨氮和磷酸盐

通过静态吸附实验考察了浙江缙云产天然沸石对溶液中氨氮和磷酸盐的同步去除能力及机制,结果表明,天然沸石对溶液中氨氮的吸附过程较好地满足拟二级动力学模型、Langmuir和Dubinin-Radushkevich等温吸附模型。天然沸石对磷酸盐的去除能力随溶液中初始氨氮浓度的增加而增加。当溶液pH由7.0增加到9.0时,天然沸石对氨氮的吸附能力随之增加,而当pH由9.0增加到10时,天然沸石对氨氮的吸附能力则下降。当溶液pH低于7.5时,天然沸石对溶液中的磷酸盐无去除能力,当溶液pH位于7.5～9.0时,天然沸石对磷酸盐的去除能力随pH的增加急剧增加,当溶液pH大于9.0时,天然沸石对磷酸盐的去除能力随pH的增加则呈下降趋势。天然沸石对溶液中氨氮和磷酸盐的同步去除过程是自发进行、吸热及熵增加的过程。天然沸石对溶液中氨氮的吸附机制为离子交换,对磷酸盐的去除机制则为化学沉淀作用。     

氢氧化钠改性沸石对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附特性研究

利用氢氧化钠对天然沸石进行改性,将天然沸石和改性沸石用于吸附去除水中的Cu~(2+),分析了p H、温度、Cu~(2+)初始浓度、吸附时间对Cu~(2+)吸附性能的影响,并对吸附过程的吸附等温模型及吸附动力学进行研究。结果表明,改性沸石对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能明显优于天然沸石,当沸石投加量为10 g/L,Cu~(2+)为200 mg/L,p H为6.67,温度为50℃时,天然沸石和改性沸石对Cu~(2+)的吸附量分别为2.02、2.69 mg/g。Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型均能较好地描述两种沸石对Cu~(2+)的吸附过程。天然沸石对Cu~(2+)的吸附行为更符合准一级动力学方程,而准二级动力学方程对改性沸石的吸附行为拟合度更好。两种沸石对Cu~(2+)的吸附均为非均相吸附,且内扩散过程不是唯一的速控步骤。     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性沸石的制备及吸附废水中苯酚的性能

为高效去除废水中的苯酚,制备了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)改性沸石(以下简称改性沸石),研究了改性沸石投加量、废水pH、反应时间等对废水中苯酚去除的影响,分析了改性沸石吸附废水中苯酚的动力学过程、等温线过程以及热力学特征,探讨了吸附作用机制。结果表明,CTMAB质量分数为1.2%时,改性沸石对苯酚的吸附量达到7.2mg/g,明显高于天然沸石(1.1mg/g);改性沸石投加量6g/L、反应时间40min、pH=10的条件下,废水中苯酚的去除率可达98.4%;二级动力学方程和Langmuir方程能更好地拟合改性沸石吸附废水中苯酚的过程,且吸附是自发、放热、熵增的过程。改性沸石吸附废水中苯酚的作用机制为:CTMAB中的R—N~+(R为基团)与天然沸石表面双电层中的H~+、K~+发生交换后,R—N~+与沸石表面结合,而CTMAB结构中的疏水基则向外(废水相),由此CTMAB在沸石表面形成了有机相,苯酚通过分配作用进入到沸石表面的CTMAB有机相中与R—N+缔合而得以去除。     

阳离子表面活性剂改性四氧化三铁-沸石复合材料对水中刚果红的去除作用

制备了四氧化三铁-沸石复合材料(磁性沸石)和阳离子表面活性剂改性磁性沸石(有机改性磁性沸石),采用X射线衍射分析对有机改性磁性沸石进行了表征,通过批量实验考察了有机改性磁性沸石对水中刚果红的吸附性能,并对相关的吸附机制进行了讨论。实验表明,有机改性磁性沸石对水中的刚果红具备良好的吸附能力,且有机改性磁性沸石对刚果红的吸附能力远远高于磁性沸石。有机改性磁性沸石对水中刚果红的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,吸附平衡数据可以采用Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)等温吸附模型加以描述。根据Langmuir等温吸附模型计算得到的有机改性磁性沸石对刚果红的最大吸附容量为146 mg/g(pH 7和30℃)。有机改性磁性沸石对水中刚果红的吸附属于自发和放热的过程。有机改性磁性沸石吸附水中刚果红的作用机制包括静电吸引、有机相分配、氢键和表面配位。X射线衍射分析结果表明,有机改性磁性沸石含四氧化三铁,吸附刚果红后的有机改性磁性沸石可以很容易地通过外加磁场的作用快速地从水中分离出来。上述结果表明,有机改性磁性沸石适合作为一种吸附剂去除废水中的刚果红。     

天然和巯基改性沸石吸附水溶液中重金属Hg^2＋的特征研究

为了提高沸石对汞的吸附性，利用半胱胺盐酸盐对天然斜发沸石进行改性，制得巯基改性沸石。研究了吸附剂用量、pH值、温度、Hg^2＋浓度和吸附时间对沸石和巯基改性沸石吸附Hg^2＋的影响，并进一步研究了吸附机理。结果表明，巯基改性沸石吸附Hg^2＋受pH值、温度的影响较小，吸附机制主要是沸石表面的硫与Hg^2＋的化学反应。而天然沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附主要是离子交换作用，受温度、pH值等的影响较大，随温度的升高吸附量下降。整个吸附过程以较快的速度进行。天然沸石在吸附时间为1h、巯基改性沸石在0．5h时基本达到吸附平衡。吸附条件试验和Langmuir等温吸附模型都表明，巯基改性沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附能力得到了很大的提高，吸附容量由8．06mg／g提高到19．88mg／g，提高了146．65％。     

天然及CaCl2改性沸石对四环素的吸附

通过静态吸附实验研究了水中四环素在天然和CaCl2改性沸石上的吸附行为及机制。实验表明,天然沸石对四环素具有吸附能力,CaCl2改性可以提高沸石对四环素的吸附能力。天然和改性沸石对四环素的吸附符合拟二级动力学模型,颗粒内扩散不是吸附过程的主要控制步骤。Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)等温吸附模型可以较好地描述实验所用2种沸石对四环素的吸附行为,D-R等温方程拟合结果显示吸附过程包含离子交换作用。通过对天然和改性沸石吸附四环素前后溶液中主要阳离子浓度变化分析证实了该吸附过程包含离子交换作用。实验研究了pH值变化对沸石吸附四环素的影响,当pH=3～5时,天然和改性沸石对四环素的吸附量均随pH值的增加而急剧下降,而pH=5～10时,天然和改性沸石对四环素的吸附量变化均不明显,推测可能是离子交换作用和化学沉淀吸附作用所致。另外,实验还初步探索了溶液离子强度对沸石吸附四环素的影响情况,随着溶液中Na+和Ca2+离子强度的增加,吸附量先急剧降低随后趋向平稳,进一步说明了沸石对四环素的吸附过程不是由单一机制控制的。     

天然及CaCl_2改性沸石对四环素的吸附

通过静态吸附实验研究了水中四环素在天然和CaCl2改性沸石上的吸附行为及机制。实验表明,天然沸石对四环素具有吸附能力,CaCl2改性可以提高沸石对四环素的吸附能力。天然和改性沸石对四环素的吸附符合拟二级动力学模型,颗粒内扩散不是吸附过程的主要控制步骤。Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich（D-R）等温吸附模型可以较好地描述实验所用2种沸石对四环素的吸附行为,D-R等温方程拟合结果显示吸附过程包含离子交换作用。通过对天然和改性沸石吸附四环素前后溶液中主要阳离子浓度变化分析证实了该吸附过程包含离子交换作用。实验研究了pH值变化对沸石吸附四环素的影响,当pH=3～5时,天然和改性沸石对四环素的吸附量均随pH值的增加而急剧下降,而pH=5～10时,天然和改性沸石对四环素的吸附量变化均不明显,推测可能是离子交换作用和化学沉淀吸附作用所致。另外,实验还初步探索了溶液离子强度对沸石吸附四环素的影响情况,随着溶液中Na＋和Ca2＋离子强度的增加,吸附量先急剧降低随后趋向平稳,进一步说明了沸石对四环素的吸附过程不是由单一机制控制的。     

松果活性炭对有机染料的吸附

以松果为原料,利用ZnCl2活化法和FeCl3改性剂进行活性炭的制备和改性,测定了松果活性炭的比表面积,并研究其对甲基橙染料的吸附性能。结果表明:改性后的松果活性炭比表面积达到681 m2·g~(-1),并以中孔为主,有利于大分子有机染料的吸附;当松果活性炭的投加量为0.3 g·L~(-1)、吸附30 min、甲基橙初始浓度100 mg·L~(-1)、pH=7以及25℃温度条件下,吸附效果最佳,甲基橙去除率高达99.41%;Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型能更好地描述甲基橙染料的吸附行为,说明吸附以表面单层覆盖为主;吸附动力学符合Lagergren准二级动力学方程,R2大于0.999。可为松果的开发利用和制备低成本、高吸附性的吸附剂提供参考。     

改性桑枝粉及沸石对水中高氯酸盐的吸附研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为改性剂制备改性桑枝粉和改性沸石，采用红外光谱和扫描电镜对改性产物的结构进行表征，并对吸附剂的Zeta电位进行分析，以探讨高氯酸盐的吸附机理。考察pH值、吸附剂投加量和高氯酸盐初始浓度对改性产物吸附水中高氯酸根的影响。结果表明，改性产物表面的季铵阳离子基团能较好地吸附废水中的高氯酸根；去除率随吸附...     

Preparation and characterization of surfactant-modified hydroxyapatite/zeolite composite and its adsorption behavior toward humic acid and copper(II)

A novel composite material, i.e., surfactant-modified hydroxyapatite/zeolite composite, was used as an adsorbent to remove humic acid (HA) and copper(II) from aqueous solution. Hydroxyapatite/zeolite composite (HZC) and surfactant-modified HZC (SMHZC) were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscope. The adsorption of HA and copper(II) on SMHZC was investigated. For comparison purposes, HA adsorption onto HZC was also investigated. SMHZC exhibited much higher HA adsorption capacity than HZC. The HA adsorption capacity for SMHZC decreased slightly with increasing pH from 3 to 8 but decreased significantly with increasing pH from 8 to 12. The copper(II) adsorption capacity for SMHZC increased with increasing pH from 3 to 6.5. The adsorption kinetic data of HA and copper(II) on SMHZC obeyed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption of HA and copper(II) on SMHZC took place in three different stages: fast external surface adsorption, gradual adsorption controlled by both film and intra-particle diffusions, and final equilibrium stage. The equilibrium adsorption data of HA on SMHZC better fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model than the Freundlich isotherm model. The equilibrium adsorption data of copper(II) on SMHZC could be described by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The presence of copper(II) in solution enhanced HA adsorption onto SMHZC. The presence of HA in solution enhanced copper(II) adsorption onto SMHZC. The mechanisms for the adsorption of HA on SMHZC at pH 7 may include electrostatic attraction, organic partitioning, hydrogen bonding, and Lewis acid–base interaction. The mechanisms for the adsorption of copper(II) on SMHZC at pH 6 may include surface complexation, ion exchange, and dissolution–precipitation. The obtained results indicate that SMHZC can be used as an effective adsorbent to simultaneously remove HA and copper(II) from water.     

Application of zeolite-activated carbon macrocomposite for the adsorption of Acid Orange 7: isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

In this study, the adsorption behavior of azo dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7) from aqueous solution onto macrocomposite (MC) was investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorbent, MC, which consists of a mixture of zeolite and activated carbon, was found to be effective in removing AO7. The MC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray, point of zero charge, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. A series of experiments were performed via batch adsorption technique to examine the effect of the process variables, namely, contact time, initial dye concentration, and solution pH. The dye equilibrium adsorption was investigated, and the equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm model fits the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm model. For the kinetic study, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion model were used to fit the experimental data. The adsorption kinetic was found to be well described by the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectral and high performance liquid chromatography analysis were carried out before and after the adsorption process. For the phytotoxicity test, treated AO7 was found to be less toxic. Thus, the study indicated that MC has good potential use as an adsorbent for the removal of azo dye from aqueous solution.     

SDS改性沸石吸附结晶紫简

以表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）对沸石进行改性，改性后的沸石对结晶紫溶液进行吸附，以紫外可见分光光度计分析最佳吸附条件。实验结果表明，在30℃，SDS改性沸石投入量为0.25 g；吸附平衡时间为1 h；pH为8的条件下，对含50 mg/L结晶紫染料的去除率可达到92.6%，吸附量达到4.63 mg/g。SDS改性沸石吸附结晶紫的等温吸附曲线与Henry型和Freundlich型均拟合较好。热力学参数计算结果表明，吸附符合自发吸热过程。     

SDS改性沸石吸附结晶紫

以表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）对沸石进行改性，改性后的沸石对结晶紫溶液进行吸附，以紫外可见分光光度计分析最佳吸附条件。实验结果表明，在30℃，SDS改性沸石投入量为0．25g；吸附平衡时间为1h；pH为8的条件下，对含50mg／L结晶紫染料的去除率可达到92．6％，吸附量达到4．63mg／g。SDS改性沸石吸附结晶紫的等温吸附曲线与Henry型和Freundlich型均拟合较好。热力学参数计算结果表明，吸附符合自发吸热过程。     

满江红干体对锌离子的生物吸附

以满江红干体为生物吸附剂，研究了不同条件下对废水中Zn²⁺的净化作用。结果表明，满江红干体对Zn²⁺的吸附是一个快速的过程，前5 min的吸附量达到最大吸附量的62.9%，30 min达到吸附平衡；初始pH值对Zn²⁺的吸附有显著的影响，最适pH值为6；随着干体量的增加，吸附率逐渐提高而吸附量则降低；随着Zn²⁺初始浓度的增加，吸附率逐渐降低而吸附量则提高。满江红干体对Zn²⁺的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线方程，最大吸附容量达57.5 mg/g。5次吸附解吸循环实验数据表明，重复次数和再生处理对满江红干体的吸附能力没有产生显著影响。因此，满江红干体在处理含Zn²⁺废水中的重复使用是可行的。     

Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4-chloro-2-metylphenoxyacetic acid onto activated carbons derived from various lignocellulosic materials

Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-metylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) from aqueous solution onto activated carbons derived from various lignocellulosic materials including willow, miscanthus, flax, and hemp shives was investigated. The adsorption kinetic data were analyzed using two kinetic models: the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations. The adsorption kinetics of both herbicides was better represented by the pseudo-second order model. The adsorption isotherms of 2,4-D and MCPA on the activated carbons were analyzed using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The equilibrium data followed the Langmuir isotherm. The effect of pH on the adsorption was also studied. The results showed that the activated carbons prepared from the lignocellulosic materials are efficient adsorbents for the removal of 2,4-D and MCPA from aqueous solutions.     

改性松针对水体中铅(II)的吸附

探讨了改性松针(GXLsp)作为吸附剂对水体中铅离子的吸附性能,考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、盐离子浓度、Pb(II)初始浓度及温度对改性松针吸附Pb(II)的影响。利用Langmuir和Freundlich等温线模型对实验数据进行非线性拟合分析,结果表明,Freundlich等温线模型能很好地描述松针对Pb(II)的吸附过程。热力学参数表明吸附是一个自发的吸热过程。改性松针对铅的吸附行为符合拟二级动力学方程,表明吸附过程是以化学吸附为主。在293K时松针对Pb(II)的饱和吸附量为318.3 mg/g,因此,GXLsp可作为一种高效低值生物质吸附剂以去除水体中重金属Pb(II)的污染。