亚甲基蓝表面修饰纳米TiO2降解造纸废水动力学

以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为表面修饰剂,采用简单的化学吸附法制备亚甲基蓝表面修饰的纳米TiO2光催化剂(TiO2-MB)。经表面修饰后,TiO2-MB光催化剂波长响应范围红移至可见光区575 nm处。探讨了光催化剂量、光照时间和溶液pH值对TiO2-MB光催化降解造纸废水的影响;研究了纳米TiO2-MB对造纸废水的暗吸附规律和光降解性能。结果表明:纳米TiO2-MB对造纸废水的吸附规律都较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型,属于吸热反应;光催化降解动力学符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型。在160 W高压汞灯光照80 min,3.0 g/L纳米TiO2-MB光催化降解pH=2.0的造纸废水(COD:2 069.8 mg/L),COD去除率可达94.7%,处理效果远高于避光条件下。光催化剂经8次使用仍具有较高的催化活性。     

TiO_2/AC复合催化剂的制备及其对六氯苯的光催化降解性能研究

以颗粒活性炭（AC）和钛酸丁酯为原料,采用微波辐射法制备TiO2/AC复合光催化剂,并对制备的催化剂进行了表征;采用该催化剂对六氯苯进行光催化降解,确定了六氯苯降解的最佳工艺条件,并就几种外加试剂对TiO2/AC光催化降解六氯苯的强化作用进行了探讨。结果表明,制备的催化剂中TiO2均匀分布在活性炭表面、呈单一的锐钛矿晶型,晶粒生长完善。该催化剂催化降解六氯苯的最佳工艺条件为：pH值为5、TiO2负载量为18.2%、TiO2/AC投加量为0.4 g/L、反应时间为60 min。在此条件下,六氯苯降解效率达90.3%。添加适量的H2O2、AgNO3、K2S2O8、KIO4和KMnO4均能提高TiO2/活性炭对六氯苯的光催化降解效率。5种外加试剂的适宜添加量分别为0.3%、1.0、1.0、0.1和0.1 mmol/L,对TiO2/AC光催化效率的强化作用大小顺序为：H2O2〉AgNO3〉K2S2O8〉KMnO4〉KIO4。     

掺硫改性TiO2对活性艳红X-3B的光催化降解性能研究

以硫脲为硫的源物质,以钛酸四丁酯为TiO2的前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺硫改性TiO2光催化剂.以活性艳红X-3B为目标污染物,研究了该催化剂的光催化降解性能,对硫掺杂量、催化剂焙烧温度、溶液pH值以及催化剂添加量等影响因素进行了研究,并采用XRD分析手法对光催化剂进行表征.结果表明,经掺硫改性后的TiO2的催化活性有了很大提高,且硫的掺杂有一个最佳值,即Ti:S的摩尔比为1:1.经掺硫改性的TiO2在可见光区具备一定的催化活性,180 min内对活性艳红X-3B的去除率可达35.1%,且在紫外光区的催化活性优于纯TiO2.     

H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,空心微珠为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/beads光催化剂载体,然后浸渍法制备出H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads表面负载修饰型复合光催化剂,并运用SEM、XRD、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析。研究了H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads对亚甲基蓝降解的光催化活性,考察了光强度、pH值、曝气量、底物浓度和催化剂用量等对催化效率的影响。实验结果表明,在中性条件下,H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads催化剂的投加量为0.25 g/L,浓度为7.5 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液在250 W的紫外灯和600 W的可见光灯下光照60 min降解率分别可达到94.5%和55%。     

沸石负载N、Fe^3＋共掺杂TiO2催化剂制备及表征

以人造沸石为载体,采用溶胶\|凝胶法对N、Fe3+共掺杂TiO2进行负载化研究,探讨了焙烧温度、载体粒度、负载次数等因素对负载型光催化剂结构和催化活性的影响.研究了模拟太阳光下负载型光催化剂对活性染料Sumifix TQ\|Blue的降解性能,采用X 射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜 (SEM)和紫外-可见光漫反射吸收光谱(UV\|Vis DRS)等方法对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,以60～80目人造沸石为载体,400 ℃下焙烧2 h、负载3次的负载型光催化剂(N/Fe3+/TiO2\|沸石催化剂)对Sumifix TQ\|Blue具有较高的降解率;N、Fe3+共掺杂发挥了两者的协同作用,增强了TiO2的紫外光吸收的同时也使其光吸收范围拓展到可见光区;而多孔材料沸石的引入也进一步提高了催化剂的催化活性.     

H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2/beads光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,空心微珠为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/beads光催化剂载体,然后浸渍法制备出H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads表面负载修饰型复合光催化剂,并运用SEM、XRD、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析.研究了H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads对亚甲基蓝降解的光催化活性,考察了光强度、pH值、曝气量、底物浓度和催化剂用量等对催化效率的影响.实验结果表明,在中性条件下,H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads催化剂的投加量为0.25 g/L,浓度为7.5 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液在250 W的紫外灯和600 W的可见光灯下光照60 min降解率分别可达到94.5%和55%.     

CuO/TiO2-H2O2可见光催化亚甲基蓝脱色效果及影响因素研究

以水解法制备的锐钛矿型TiO2为载体,制备了CuO/TiO2型光催化剂.以亚甲基蓝为对象,在可见光照射下研究了H2O3加入量、pH值和催化剂投加量对脱色效果的影响,同时与改性前的TiO2催化剂进行了脱色效果的对比.结果表明亚甲基蓝在碱性条件下能较好脱色,H2O2用量和CuO/TiO2催化剂投加量分别为每1 000 mL反应液各加入10 mL和0.1 g时脱色最好;另外,TiO2催化剂也在碱性条件下能较好脱色,H2O2用量和催化剂投加量分别为每1 000 mL反应液各加入12.5 mL和0.1 g时脱色最好.最优条件下对比实验表明,CuO/TiO2型催化剂在可见光照射下具有很高的催化活性,亚甲基蓝2 h脱色率达到88%,远好于改性前的TiO2和Degussa P25催化剂.     

漂浮型可见光催化剂Fe-N-TiO_2/FP-CTS的制备及其对溶解性柴油的降解

以漂珠为载体,用壳聚糖对漂珠进行改性,并采用溶胶凝胶法,制备了Fe-N共掺杂改性TiO2的漂浮型可见光催化剂(Fe-N-TiO2/FP-CTS),使用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见分光光谱(UV-Vis)、N2吸附-脱附(BET)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析进行表征。研究结果表明,用壳聚糖改性漂珠可以增加复合光催化剂的比表面积和孔容;相较于N-掺杂TiO2/FP复合光催化剂,Fe-N共掺杂更能促进对复合光催化剂可见光的吸收;光催化4 h后,Fe-N-TiO2/FP-CTS对溶解性柴油的降解率达到61.7%,明显优于Fe-N-TiO2/FP和N-TiO2/FP。当初始pH=5,柴油乳化剂浓度=120 mg/L时,复合光催化剂对溶解性柴油的光催化降解效果最佳。     

B,N和Ce共掺杂TiO2催化剂光催化活性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出B,N和Ce共掺杂TiO2光催化剂,并用XRD、SEM等表征了其结构特征。以酸性大红染料溶液的光催化降解为探针反应,考察了制备条件对共掺杂TiO2催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,在400℃,当B,N和Ce的原子比为1∶2∶0.1,焙烧3 h时,光催化剂活性最大,大红染料的降解率达到98%。     

B,N和Ce共掺杂TiO_2催化剂光催化活性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出B,N和Ce共掺杂TiO2光催化剂,并用XRD、SEM等表征了其结构特征。以酸性大红染料溶液的光催化降解为探针反应,考察了制备条件对共掺杂TiO2催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,在400℃,当B,N和Ce的原子比为1∶2∶0.1,焙烧3 h时,光催化剂活性最大,大红染料的降解率达到98%。     

颜料红254-TiO_2光催化降解罗丹明B废水

以工业有机颜料C.I.颜料红254(DPP254)为敏化剂,通过溶剂热法对纯TiO2进行改性,得到复合光催化剂DPP254-TiO2。并通过XRD、SEM、UV-Vis DRS和N2吸附-脱附(BET和BJH)等测试手段对DPP254-TiO2进行了表征。以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标降解物,研究了DPP254-TiO2在可见光下对有机污染物的光催化降解性能。同时考察了DPP254含量、反应时间、RhB初始浓度和催化剂浓度等因素对RhB降解速率的影响。结果表明,改性后的催化剂光响应范围由紫外光区拓宽到可见光区。对其光催化反应机理进行了探讨。催化剂重复使用4次,活性没有明显降低,说明催化剂具有很好的稳定性。     

氮掺杂二氧化钛可见光催化降解曙红Y溶液

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了氮掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂,用XRD、SEM、FTIR和粒度分析仪对催化剂进行了表征,并且在可见光作用下对曙红Y溶液进行了光催化降解实验。研究了催化剂的投加量、曙红Y的初始浓度、光照时间和pH对曙红Y溶液的光降解效果。结果表明,以可见光作光源,催化剂的投入量为0.4 g,曙红Y溶液的初始浓度为20 mg/L,光照时间为50 min,pH=4条件下,曙红Y溶液的降解率达98.87%。     

Photocatalytic degradation of p,p′-DDT under UV and visible light using interstitial N-doped TiO2

1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (or p,p′-DDT) is one of the most persistent pesticides. It is resistant to breakdown in nature and cause the water contamination problem. In this work, a major objective was to demonstrate the application of N-doped TiO₂ in degradation and mineralization of the p,p′-DDT under UV and visible light in aqueous solution. The N-doped TiO₂ nanopowders were prepared by a simple modified sol–gel procedure using diethanolamine (DEA) as a nitrogen source. The catalyst characteristics were investigated using XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS. The adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation of p,p′-DDT using the synthesized N-doped TiO₂ under UV and visible light were conducted in a batch photocatalytic experiment. The kinetics and p,p′-DDT degradation performance of the N-doped TiO₂ were evaluated. Results show that the N-doped TiO₂ can degrade p,p′-DDT effectively under both UV and visible lights. The rate constant of the p,p′-DDT degradation under UV light was only 0.0121 min^?1, whereas the rate constant of the p,p′-DDT degradation under visible light was 0.1282 min^?1. Under visible light, the 100% degradation of p,p′-DDT were obtained from N-doped TiO₂ catalyst. The reaction rate of p,p′-DDT degradation using N-doped TiO₂ under visible light was sixfold higher than that under UV light. According to Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, the adsorption equilibrium constant (K) for the N-doped TiO₂ under visible light was 0.03078 L mg^?1, and the apparent reaction rate constant (k) was 1.3941 mg L^?1-min. Major intermediates detected during the p,p′-DDT degradation were p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD and p,p′-DDD. Results from this work can be applied further for the breakdown of p,p′-DDT molecule in the real contaminated water using this technology.     

The enhancement of photodegradation efficiency using Pt–TiO2 catalyst

This study investigates the mechanism of photosensitization and the recombination of excited electron–hole pairs affected by depositing platinum (Pt) on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO₂). A new catalyst of Pt–TiO₂ was prepared by a photoreduction process. Being model reactions, the photocatalytic oxidation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solutions using the Pt–TiO₂ catalyst was carried out under either UV or visible light irradiation. The experimental results indicate that an optimal content of 0.75%Pt–TiO₂ achieves the best photocatalytic performance of MB and MO degradation and that the Pt–TiO₂ catalyst can be sensitized by visible light. The interaction of Pt and TiO₂ was investigated by means of UV–Vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence emission spectra, and X-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy. The Pt⁰, Pt²⁺ and Pt⁴⁺ species existing on the surface of Pt–TiO₂, and the Ti³⁺ species existing in its lattice may form a defect energy level. The Pt impurities, including Pt, Pt(OH)₂, and PtO₂, and the defect energy level absorb visible light more efficiently in comparison with the pure TiO₂ and hinder the recombination rate of excited electron–hole pairs.     

H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料，空心微珠为载体，采用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO₂/beads光催化剂载体，然后浸渍法制备出H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂/beads表面负载修饰型复合光催化剂，并运用SEM、XRD、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析。研究了H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂/beads对亚甲基蓝降解的光催化活性，考察了光强度、pH值、曝气量、底物浓度和催化剂用量等对催化效率的影响。实验结果表明，在中性条件下，H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂/beads催化剂的投加量为0.25 g/L，浓度为7.5 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液在250 W的紫外灯和600 W的可见光灯下光照60 min降解率分别可达到94.5%和55%。     

TiO2膜降解水中污染物的稳定性考察与再生方法研究

针对实际水处理中对催化剂性能的要求，以光催化降解苯酚溶液作为探针反应，考察了玻璃纤维网上负载的TiO₂膜催化剂长期使用条件下的稳定性，研究了催化剂在自来水中使用失活后的再生方法。结果表明，经过50次使用之后，膜催化剂120 min反应对苯酚的降解率从100%下降至83%，总体上看，所制催化剂还是具有相当好的稳定性；在反应器中用蒸馏水浸泡配合光催化反应对TiO₂膜催化剂进行原位再生是一种可行的再生途径。     

光催化降解模拟室内挥发性有机污染物研究

用浸渍-提拉法制备玻璃弹簧负载型TiO2薄膜催化剂,在自制的反应器中进行光催化降解由丙酮、甲苯、对二甲苯组成的模拟室内挥发性有机污染物VOCs研究.研究发现:催化剂中掺杂金属离子能影响催化剂的降解效果,降解效果依次为掺铈TiO2＞纯TiO2＞掺银TiO2;气体流量显著影响降解效果,丙酮、甲苯和对二甲苯的最佳降解流量分别为3、5、7 L/min;混合气体中非对称性的极性分子的降解效率高于对称性分子,导致丙酮、对二甲苯组分降解率降低,甲苯降解率增高.     

Removal of mixed pesticides from drinking water system by photodegradation using suspended and immobilized TiO2

Lindane (1α, 2α, 3β, 4α, 5α, 6β-hexachloro cyclohexane), methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) and dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl-O-O-dimethyl phosphate) are removed from water individually and as a mixture by photo degradation using suspended and immobilized forms of TiO₂ (Degussa P-25). Studies were conducted to optimize the coating thickness of immobilized photo catalyst. The rate of degradation of pesticides was compared in both suspended and immobilized TiO₂ systems. Degradation studies of mixed pesticides were carried out with low concentrations (1.0 and 2.5 mg/L) of pesticides. Only three intermediate byproducts such as methyl paraoxon, O,O,O-trimethyl phosphonic thionate and p-nitrophenol were observed during the methyl parathion degradation in suspended, immobilized TiO₂ systems and mixed pesticides degradation studies. At the end of the reaction methyl parathion and its by-products were completely degraded. During lindane degradation hexachloro cyclohexane, pentachloro cyclohexane, hexachloro benzene, 1-hydroxy 2,3,4,5,6-chlorocyclohexane, 1-hydroxy 2,3,4,5,6-chlorobenzene, pentachloro cyclopentadiene, 1,2,3,4,5-hydroxy cyclopentene and 1,2,3-hydroxy cyclobutane were identified in suspended and immobilized TiO₂ systems, whereas only hexachloro cyclohexane, pentachloro cyclohexane, hexachloro benzene and pentachloro cyclopentadiene were observed during mixed pesticides degradation. No intermediate by-product was observed during the photo degradation of dichlorvos. Langmuir-Hinshelwood pseudo first order kinetic equation showed that there was not much change in the rates of degradation in both suspended and immobilized TiO₂ systems irrespective of the pesticide. During mixed pesticides degradation, the degradation pattern was not similar to that of single pesticide.     

Ozone-driven photocatalyzed degradation and mineralization of pesticide,Triclopyr by Au/TiO2

Triclopyr is a widely used pesticide which is non-biodegradable and enters aquatic systems. The ozone facilitated photocatalyzed degradation and mineralization of Triclopyr using Au-loaded titania as heterogeneous catalyst is reported. The oxidative degradation activity of the hazardous pesticide was investigated at pH 7.8 under varied reaction conditions, including in presence and absence of ozone, titania alone, in presence and absence of light and with different loadings of Au on support. Photocatalysis with 2% Au/TiO₂ in the presence of ozone yielded 100% degradation of Triclopyr in 2 h. The extent of degradation of pesticide and its mineralization were confirmed by GC-MS. For 10 mg/L of Triclopyr, 0.1 g/L of catalyst was found to be the optimum for mineralization. Results show that photocatalyzed ozonation with Au/TiO₂ as catalyst is a very effective for its removal. No leaching of Au was observed in triplicate runs. Catalyst was fully recoverable and reusable with no loss of activity.     

Cu/La共掺杂TiO2光催化氧化水中的氨氮

采用水解-沉淀法制备了Cu/La共掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂,利用XRD、XPS和BET技术对其进行表征,并考察了在紫外灯下,共掺杂TiO2对氨氮的光催化氧化工艺条件。物相结构和比表面积测试结果表明,共掺杂催化剂具有较好的锐钛矿晶型,孔径分布为4～8 nm,Cu/La共掺杂TiO2La以La3+,Cu是以Cu2+、Cu+的形式掺杂进入TiO2的晶格。光催化实验表明:所得改性光催化剂对氨氮的去除及焦化废水的处理均具有较高的催化活性。