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《环境工程学报》2017,(3)
电路板插槽元器件、通孔元器件、大元器件和小元器件的拆卸是废旧电路板资源化的第一步。前三者的拆卸率对后续的电路板粉碎有较大影响,是决定拆卸效果的重要参数。为探究工业余热拆卸废旧电路板方法中通气温度、加热时间和喷吹次数对元器件拆卸率的影响,找出最优的拆卸参数组合,进行了废旧电路板拆卸的正交实验。对元器件拆卸率、关键元器件总拆卸率的极差分析和方差分析表明,通气温度和加热时间的增大有利于元器件拆卸率增大;增加喷吹次数,有利于大元器件和小元器件的拆卸,但过多次数喷吹将造成插槽、通孔元器件引脚弯曲,拆卸率减小;通气温度、加热时间对元器件拆卸的影响不具显著性,喷吹次数仅对大元器件拆卸有显著性影响。综合分析关键元器件的拆卸率:通气温度350℃、加热时间5 min和喷吹6次是最优的拆卸参数组合,关键元器件总拆卸率达到98.6%。 相似文献
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为了明确利用热空气模拟工业余热作为热源和脉动喷吹动力源拆卸废弃印刷电路板上电子元器件的拆卸机制,分析了废弃印刷电路板脉动喷吹性质,设计并建立了废弃印刷电路板拆卸实验室小试系统,利用Fluent数值模拟软件对拆卸过程中废弃印刷电路板自动拆卸设备内部温度场进行了详细考察,在此基础上,对实验结果进行验证。结果表明,短重边最佳喷吹条件(0.14 MPa,10 mm)下,振动角度为75°;短轻边最佳喷吹条件(0.12 MPa,10 mm)下,振动角度为76°;下进气条件(温度场更均匀,焊料面平均受热温度为198.81℃)更利于废弃印刷电路板上电子元器件的拆卸;采用下进气方式、当预热温度120℃、通气温度为260℃、设备内部达195℃继续通气(拆卸时间)1 min、短重边脉动喷吹压力0.14 MPa、短重边喷吹距离10 mm、短轻边脉动喷吹压力0.12 MPa、短轻边喷吹距离10 mm时,元器件拆卸率为95.1%,且元器件外观完好。本研究明确了废弃印刷电路板拆卸过程中的受热与受力机制,实现了废弃印刷电路板上电子元器件的高效拆卸,为此工艺大规模、工业化生产的实现奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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热解技术在有机固废能源化清洁利用方面具有巨大的应用潜力.通过对热解技术的工作原理、适用范围、工艺系统与设备等的阐述及其能量转化、产物分析,吸取国外成功经验,着重以污泥为例,论述了热解技术在有机固废处置及综合利用方面的优势,并建设性地提出了3种热解技术应用模式以及国产化应用热解技术的发展规划思路. 相似文献
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该机组由中国南京汽轮电机(集团)有限公司与美国通用电气公司合作开发成功,系国家重大技术装备国产化项目,已经通过中国机械工业联合会组织的鉴定,属国内首创,具有显著的经济和环境效益。 相似文献
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中国电力工业烟气脱硫的现状及发展趋势 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究我国电力工业燃煤发电厂烟气脱硫的现状及其发展趋势 ,包括我国电力工业大气SO2 污染状况 ,烟气脱硫现状 ,烟气脱硫综合经济技术评价 ,烟气脱硫技术的选择和烟气脱硫的发展趋势。研究与开发有针对性和较强应用前景的烟气脱硫技术 ,发展具有独立自主知识产权的烟气脱硫技术 ,是我国电力工业烟气脱硫技术及设备国产化的必经之路 相似文献
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中国电力工业烟气脱硫的现状及发展趋势 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
研究我国电力工业燃煤发电厂烟气脱硫的现状及其发展趋势,包括我国电力工业大气SO2污染状况,烟气脱硫现状,烟气脱硫综合经济技术评价,烟气脱硫技术的选择和烟气脱硫的发展趋势。研究与开发有针对性和较强应用前景的烟气脱硫技术,发展具有独立自主知识产权的烟气脱硫技术,是我国电力工业烟气脱硫技术及设备国产化的必经之路。 相似文献
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污泥淤砂分离器是一种能够使活性污泥中污泥有机质与淤砂分离的设备。为了实现污泥淤砂分离器的结构优化,重点探讨了污泥淤砂分离器最重要的结构参数-排口比K(底流口直径Du与溢流口直径Do之比)对污泥淤砂分离器分离效能的影响。实验结果表明,在排口比从0.32增加到1.0的过程中,分离器处理能力Qi基本保持不变,分流比S、分离效率η和底流污泥ρ(MLVSS)/ρ(MLSS)分别从0.084、24.7%和0.21增加到0.338、41.1%和0.33.4;污泥有机质富集率FMLVSS和淤砂富集率FMLISS分别从1.95和1.35减小到1.22和1.12。富集除砂所需要的K和分离器获得较高的除砂效率η时所需K不一致。污泥淤砂分离器排口比K设计为0.4~0.6时,能够获得较高的分离效率,并实现淤砂的富集排放。 相似文献
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Ajay K. Manna Andrew R. Martin 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(3):805-1394
Experimental investigations were carried out on removal of arsenic from contaminated groundwater by employing a new flat-sheet cross flow membrane module fitted with a hydrophobic polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane. The new design of the solar-driven membrane module in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) configuration successfully produced almost 100 per cent arsenic-free water from contaminated groundwater in a largely fouling-free operation while permitting high fluxes under reduced temperature polarization. For a feed flow rate of 0.120 m3/h, the 0.13 μm PVDF membrane yielded a high flux of 74 kg/(m2 h) at a feed water temperature of 40 °C and, 95 kg/m2 h at a feed water temperature of 60 °C. The encouraging results show that the design could be effectively exploited in the vast arsenic-affected rural areas of South-East Asian countries blessed with abundant sunlight particularly during the critical dry season. 相似文献
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Elaine A. Cohen Hubal Michael R. Overcash 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1449-1454
Post-combustion air pollution control technologies were evaluated to determine total waste produced by the operation of these systems. A continuum of air pollution control technology choices providing increasing levels of control is presented and the quantity of waste produced by each air pollution control option has been calculated. In addition, this analysis accounts for waste produced indirectly by the generation of energy required for operation of the control technologies. This type of analysis can be used to select optimal control levels and to demonstrate why a goal of zero air emissions may not be environmentally desirable. 相似文献
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John R. Goldsmith M.D Lester Breslow M.D. 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):129-132
An urban air pollution incident, like a natural or man-made catastrophe, presents a crisis situation which can only be relieved if adequate contingency plans have been prepared in advance and an effective control organization is in a state of operational readiness to meet the threatened emergency. Although many air pollution incident control plans have been proposed in the past, most have remained in the conceptual or theoretical stages of preparation, because the relative infrequency of serious urban air pollution crises and the disruptive nature of major emission control operations tend to limit the opportunities available for field testing of these plans. In this respect, air pollution incident control planning is analogous to strategic planning for a military operation, where the only completely legitimate test of a strategy is applied on the battlefield. In order to accomplish the transition from conceptual planning to a practical, operational field strategy for air pollution incident control, a program of incident control tests has been initiated in Chicago. These field tests, which use the city as a laboratory for the development of control strategies, are analogous to a series of military war games in which communication systems, command and control organizational structures, personnel roles, surveillance and monitoring equipment, control resources and pollution source controllability are tested under conditions which approximate as closely as possible the situation which prevails during an actual air pollution incident. This paper discusses the evolution of an incident control strategy from an initial, fixed response emission control exercise, through a meteorologically initiated control test to a fairly realistic war game series which is still developing. 相似文献
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固定源氮氧化物排放及控制技术应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
固定源是氮氧化物排放的一个主要来源。通过对主要固定源氮氧化物生成机理及现有的排放控制技术进行论述,分析我国固定源氮氧化物排放的实际情况,提出我国固定源氮氧化物排放控制还处于起步阶段,氮氧化物排放标准相对宽松,氮氧化物排放控制技术有待进一步普及,并提出固定源氮氧化物排放治理的一些建议。 相似文献
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R. B. Neveril J. U. Price K. L. Engdahl 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1069-1072
Pollution control systems will normally require some auxiliary equipment to capture and carry the gas stream to the control device. In general, this auxiliary equipment will consist of a hood or similar device to isolate and collect the pollutant-laden gas, ductwork to convey the gas stream to the control device, and dampers to control and modulate the flow. In this article, the equipment cost of canopy hoods, ducting, and dampers will be considered, together with their effect on the size, cost, and operation of the control device. 相似文献