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1.
To understand the roles of mycorrhiza in metal speciation in the rhizosphere and the impact on increasing host plant tolerance against excessive heavy metals in soil, maize ( Zea mays L. ) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus ( Glomus mosseae) was cultivated in heavy metal contaminated soil. Speciations of copper, zinc and lead in the soil were analyzed with the technique of sequential extraction. The results showed that, in comparison to the bolked soil, the exchangeable copper increased from 26% to 43% in non-infected and AM-infected rhizoshpere respectively; while other speciation (organic, carbonate and Fe-Mn oxide copper) remained constant and the organic bound zinc and lead also increased but the exchangeable zinc and lead were undetectable. The organic bound copper, zinc end lead were higher by 15%, 40% and 20%, respectively, in the rhizosphere of arbuscular mycorrhiza infected maize in comparison to the non-infected maize. The results might indicate that mycorrhiza could protect its host plants from the phytotoxicity of excessive copper, zinc and lead by changing the speciation from bio-available to the non-bio-available form. The fact that copper and zinc accumulation in the roots and shoots of mycorrhia infected plants were significantly lower than those in the non-infected plants might also suggest that mycorrhiza efficiently restricted excessive copper and zinc absorptions into the host plants. Compared to the non-infected seedlings, the lead content of infected seedlings was 60% higher in shoots. This might illustrate that mycorrhiza have a different mechanism for protecting its host from excessive lead phytotoxicity by chelating lead in the shoots.  相似文献   

2.
由根际分泌物介导的根际效应表现为根际土壤中微生物种类和活性、土壤理化性质(如酶、pH、有机质等)显著不同于非根际土壤。根际效应受土壤类型、植物种类等影响较大,在农业生产、林业防护等领域被广泛研究,并被投入到实际应用中。近年来,根际效应在土壤修复领域的研究取得了一定进展,但对其修复机制、影响因素等尚缺乏系统性的认识。综述了受重金属污染土壤中根际效应的修复机制、影响因素,并提出加强修复效果的措施,以期利用根际效应提高土壤生物修复效率。根际效应驱动根际土壤与非根际土壤中重金属的形态和分布差异显著,受土壤类型、植物功能性状、重金属性质等因素影响,土壤改良、接种外源微生物等措施可强化植物根际对重金属污染土壤的修复效果。然而目前相关研究时间较短、规模较小,忽略了多年生植物不同生长阶段的根际效应对重金属修复效果的影响,植物生长发育周期长导致筛选特异性修复植物也存在一定的挑战。随着根际效应在土壤修复领域研究的深入,建议展开更系统、全面、长期的指标监测研究,从而明确影响根际效应修复重金属的主次因素,同时筛选出针对不同重金属污染土壤的特异性修复植物,以便于建立土壤生物修复的植物资源库。  相似文献   

3.
通过野外调查和实验分析,对安徽省铜陵市铜官山铜尾矿库、狮子山铜尾矿库及狮子山铜尾矿库周边农田3处生长的节节草根际与非根际土壤中重金属(Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn)的形态、含量和分布进行了研究.结果表明,节节草根际与非根际土壤重金属的主要形态分布基本一致,均表现为矿物态含量占据了重金属全量的大部分,而交换态含量偏低.与非根际土壤相比较,根际土壤中交换态、有机态重金属所占比例显著增加,其中Cu的有机结合态所占比例增加了53 25%、Cd、Pb的有机结合态所占比例增加超过17%,Zn则增加了5.67%;与此同时,碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态含量有所下降.统计分析表明,Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn在根际土壤中的形态分布与土壤pH值、有机质含量、植物生长等因素密切相关.  相似文献   

4.
根分泌物与微生物对污染土壤重金属活性的影响   总被引:24,自引:1,他引:24       下载免费PDF全文
研究了铜富集植物海州香薷(Elsholtziasplendens)和鸭跖草(Commelinacommunis)根分泌物,以及假单胞菌(P.aeruginosaZD4-3)和白腐真菌(P.Chrysosprim)对污染土壤重金属活性的影响.结果表明,海州香薷和鸭跖草根分泌物对污染土壤中Cu有一定的活化能力,不同处理间差异不大,鸭跖草根分泌物对Cu的活化能力大于海州香薷.不同处理根分泌物中有机酸种类或含量有所差异,但主要以草酸和出峰时间为6.5min左右的未知有机酸为主.假单胞菌对污染土壤Cu、Pb和Zn有很强的活化作用;白腐真菌对Cu、Zn有活化作用,对Pb则表现为固定作用,海州香薷根分泌物降低了供试假单胞菌对重金属的活化效果,但增加了白腐真菌对重金属的活化效果.  相似文献   

5.
In this study we evaluated the bacterial diversity in a soil sample from a site next to a chemical industrial factory previously contaminated with heavy metals. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences amplified from DNA directly extracted from the soil revealed 17 different bacterial types (genera and/or species). They included Polyangium spp., Sphingomonas spp., Variovorax spp., Hafina spp., Clostridia, Acidobacteria, the enterics and some uncultured strains. Microbes able to tolerate high concentrations of cadmium (500μmol/L and above) were also isolated from the soil. These isolates included strains of Acinetobacter (strain CD06), Enterobacter sp. (strains CD01, CD03, CD04 and CD08) (similar strains also identified in culture-independent approach) and a strain of Stenotrophomonas sp. The results indicated that the species identified from direct analysis of 16S rDNA of the soil can be quite different from those strains obtained from enrichment cultures and the microbial activities for heavy metal resistance might be more appropriately addressed by the actual isolates.  相似文献   

6.
This study investigated the influence of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) root exudation on soil solution properties (pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), metal solubility) in the rhizosphere using a rhizobox. Measurement was conducted following the cultivation of Indian mustard in the rhizobox filled four di erent types of heavy metal contaminated soils (two alkaline soils and two acidic soils). The growth of Indian mustard resulted in a significant increase (by 0.6 pH units) in rhizosphere soil solution pH of acidic soils and only a slight increase (< 0.1 pH units) in alkaline soils. Furthermore, the DOC concentration increased by 17–156 mg/L in the rhizosphere regardless of soil type and the extent of contamination, demonstrating the exudation of DOC from root. Ion chromatographic determination showed a marked increase in the total dissolved organic acids (OAs) in rhizosphere. While root exudates were observed in all soils, the amount of DOC and OAs in soil solution varied considerably amongst di erent soils, resulting in significant changes to soil solution metals in the rhizosphere. For example, the soil solution Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations increased in the rhizosphere of alkaline soils compared to bulk soil following plant cultivation. In contrast, the soluble concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in acidic soils decreased in rhizosphere soil when compared to bulk soils. Besides the influence of pH and DOC on metal solubility, the increase of heavy metal concentration having high stability constant such as Cu and Pb resulted in a release of Cd and Zn from solid phase to liquid phase.  相似文献   

7.
Chelation of heavy metals by potassium butyl dithiophosphate   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Potassium butyl dithiophosphate (PBD) was developed and introduced as a new chelating agent for heavy metal removal. The synthesized PBD were characterized by IR and NMR. The e ects of pH, chelating agent dosage, and other heavy metal ions on the performance of PBD in Cd2+ removal from water are investigated. Experimental results showed that the chelating agent could be used to treat acidic heavy metal wastewater. The Cd2+ removal was not a ected by solution pH value within the range of 2 to 6. The Cd2+ removal rate could reach over 99%. Therefore, the deficiency of the precipitation process using hydroxide under alkaline condition can be overcome.Without the need for pH adjustment, the method could save on costs. If Cd2+ co-exists with Pb2+ and Cu2+, the a nity of the chelating agent with these three heavy metal ions was in the order of: Cu2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+. Through PBD chelating precipitation, all the contents of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ in wastewater met the standard levels through a one-step treatment. The one-step treatment process was superior to the process (sectional treatment is required) of precipitation with hydroxide. When the pH was between 3 and 11, the amount of leached chelated Cd2+ was much lower than that obtained by precipitation with hydroxide. Therefore, the risk of environmental pollution could be further reduced.  相似文献   

8.
Accumulation of heavy metals from various oxides with adsorbed cadmium by wetland plant Phragmites australis was studied to evaluate the fate of heavy metals in the sediment of constructed wetlands. Hoagland solution was used as nutrition supply, and single metal oxide with adsorbed cadmium was applied as contaminant to study the accumulation characteristics of cadmium and the substrate metals by P. australis. After 45-d treatment, the bioaccumulation degree in root followed the order: Al(OH)3 > Al2O3 > Fe3O4 > MnO2 > FeOOH. Heavy metals absorbed by P. australis were largely immobilized by the roots with little translocation to aboveground parts.  相似文献   

9.
灰钙土重金属生态基准   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
提出从维护土壤生态系统整体结构与功能出发,以保护士壤生产力为核心,保持系统的良性循环为目标,兼顾到对其它环境要素,特别是水环境的影响,确定灰钙土中重金属生态基准的原则、依据和方法,并建立了Cd、Cu、Pb、As的生态基准。在此基础上制定的土壤标准,将能更好地保护土壤环境。  相似文献   

10.
The research is to test the damage to DNA of effective microorganisms(EMs)by heavy metal ions As3+,Cd2+,Cr3+,Cu2+,Hg2+, Pb2+,and Zn2+,as well as the effects of EM bacteria on wastewater treatment capability when their DNA is damaged.The approach applied in this study is to test with COMET assay the damage of EM DNA in wastewater with different concentrations of heavy metal ions As3+,Cd2+,Cr3+,Cu2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,Zn2+,as well as the effects of EM treated with As3+,Cd2+,Cr3+,Cu2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,and Zn2+ on COD degradin...  相似文献   

11.
三峡库区消落带是典型的生态脆弱带,其土壤N循环因受到植物根际效应和季节性淹水的影响而具有特殊性.本研究以三峡库区一级支流澎溪河消落带为例,选择4种植被(狗牙根、香附子、苍耳以及玉米)覆盖区,采集植物根际、非根际土壤,分析根际土壤与非根际土壤理化性质、无机氮形态以及7种N素转化相关酶,并比较了4种植物根际效应强度,以反映不同植物覆盖对消落带土壤N循环过程的影响.研究表明:供试植物根际土壤pH值均低于非根际,有机质、全氮、全磷含量均高于非根际,表明植物根际对消落带土壤养分有富集作用;4种植物根际土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、亚硝态氮及14d可矿化氮含量均高于非根际,且土壤硝态氮、亚硝态氮以及14d可矿化氮含量呈现香附子>狗牙根>苍耳/玉米;总体上根际土壤N转化酶活性高于非根际,且狗牙根和香附子覆盖区脲酶、亚硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺酶、脱氢酶显著高于玉米和苍耳覆盖区;蛋白酶、脲酶、谷氨酰胺酶活性与4种N形态均呈显著相关性,是消落带土壤N转化的主要参与酶类;根际效应分析结果香附子和狗牙根对消落带土壤N转化的根际效应强度大于苍耳和玉米,有利于土壤N素的固定和保持.植物根际效应对消落带土壤N素循环的影响可为消落带植被恢复工程中植被选择提供参考,也为改善消落带土壤退化相关研究提供科学支撑.  相似文献   

12.
密封增压微波消化火焰原子吸收测定牡蛎中重金属含量   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文采用降四氟乙烯密封增压微波消化法消解牡励样品,火焰原子吸收法测定其重金属Cu、Zn,Cd,Mn,Ni,Cr,Pb的含量,并与传统的混酸消化法和干灰化法的结果相比较,实验证明,本文方法的精密度、准确度、最低检出限都能很好地满足测定要求。该方法简便、快捷、节省能源和试剂,有较高的实用价值。  相似文献   

13.
土壤重金属测定的前处理的方法的改进   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文根据美国EPA的微波消解标准方法,结合了我国传统的土壤消解方法,解决了传统的土壤消解方法的时间长,试剂消耗量大的问题。  相似文献   

14.
Accumulation of heavy metals from various oxides with adsorbed cadmium by wetland plant Phragmites australis was studied to evaluate the fate of heavy metals in the sediment of constructed wetlands. Hoagland solution was used as nutrition supply, and single metal oxide with adsorbed cadmium was applied as contaminant to study the accumulation characteristics of cadmium and the substrate metals by P. australis. After 45-d treatment, the bioaccumulation degree in root followed the order: Al(OH)3 > Al2O3 > Fe3O4 > MnO2 > FeOOH. Heavy metals absorbed by P. australis were largely immobilized by the roots with little translocation to aboveground parts.  相似文献   

15.
The research is to test the damage to DNA of effective microorganisms(EMs)by heavy metal ions As3 ,Cd2 ,Cr3 ,Cu2 ,Hg2 , Pb2 ,and Zn2 ,as well as the effects of EM bacteria on wastewater treatment capability when their DNA is damaged.The approach applied in this study is to test with COMET assay the damage of EM DNA in wastewater with different concentrations of heavy metal ions As3 ,Cd2 ,Cr3 ,Cu2 ,Hg2 ,Pb2 ,Zn2 ,as well as the effects of EM treated with As3 ,Cd2 ,Cr3 ,Cu2 ,Hg2 ,Pb2 ,and Zn2 on COD degradin...  相似文献   

16.
利用复合嗜酸性硫杆菌(氧化硫硫杆菌和氧化亚铁硫杆菌)在不同接种量下(5%,10%,20%)对城市污泥进行生物沥浸,探讨了沥浸过程中不同重金属的浸出效果及其与pH值和氧化还原电位(ORP)的相关关系.结果表明,该方法能有效地浸出污泥中的重金属,生物沥浸处理10d后.污泥中Cu、Zn和Ni的浸出率可分别达到98%、99%和90%,硫杆菌接种量越大,沥浸反应速率越快,20%接种处理10%接种处理5%接种处理未接种处理.污泥生物沥浸过程中pH的下降和ORP的上升,是促进污泥重金属溶出的主要驱动力,但其中Cu的浸出同时受pH下降和ORP上升的双重影响,而zn和Ni的浸出则主要受pH影响.污泥中Cu、Zn和Ni开始大幅度浸出的pH阈值大约为4、5和5左右.研究还发现,生物沥浸处理虽可使污泥中有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量有所下降,但并不影响其农业利用价值.  相似文献   

17.
重金属对西红柿种子发芽与根伸长的抑制效应   总被引:41,自引:1,他引:41       下载免费PDF全文
测定了水溶液和4种土壤中铜、锌、铅、镉单一污染对西红柿种子发芽与根伸长抑制率以及草甸棕壤条件下重金属复合污染的生态效应.结果表明,重金属对西红柿根伸长抑制率均明显大于对种子发芽抑制率.土壤重金属明显低于水体重金属对西红柿根伸长的抑制.抑制率大小排列为红壤>>草甸棕壤>栗钙土>暗棕壤.铜、锌、铅、镉对西红柿根伸长抑制率与土壤有机质、土壤凯氏氮、全钾含量显著线性负相关(P=0.05);与土壤pH值和土壤全磷含量线性不相关(P=0.05).重金属复合污染对西红柿根伸长表现为协同作用和拮抗作用.  相似文献   

18.
污水污泥中重金属的细菌淋滤效果研究   总被引:42,自引:3,他引:42       下载免费PDF全文
通过驯化分离和加富培养源自污泥自身的氧化亚铁硫杆菌,采用序批式试验,初步研究了其对污泥中重金属生物淋滤的效果。研究表明,污泥起始驯化阶段大约需要16天,随后采用选择性培养基对氧化亚铁硫杆菌进行2次共1周的分离与加富培养即可获得活性较高的硫杆菌菌液。采用此菌液对供试厌氧消化污泥中重金属进行生物淋滤,通过8天时间,污泥中Cu和Zn的去除率分别达93%和85%。  相似文献   

19.
提高植物修复效率的技术途径与强化措施   总被引:41,自引:2,他引:41  
通过物理、化学或生物学手段,从土壤、植物及其生境3个方面着手来提高植物去除土壤重金属能力是植物修复技术应用研究的重要方向.对国内外植物修复过程中所应用的强化手段与辅助措施进行了一定的研究,分别阐述了施肥、水分管理、耕作栽培、修复剂、生物技术等方法的作用机制及应用效果.今后,植物修复技术需针对有应用前景的超富集植物进行生境特征的系统研究,并着重开发高效、低风险的土壤修复剂,注重植物修复成套技术的工程应用研究.  相似文献   

20.
SpeciationanddistributioncharacteristicsofheavymetalsintheChangjiangRiverwater¥ChenXibao;ZhangShen;DongWenjiang;ZhangLicheng(...  相似文献   

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