促进中小企业利用外商直接投资

文章在分析我国中小企业利用外商投资现状、制约因素的基础上，提出中小企业利用外商直接投资的对策。     

对外经济贸易对中国碳排放的影响:基于省级面板数据的实证分析

改革开放以来,我国的对外经济贸易有了显著的发展,外商直接投资和进出口的快速增长有效地推动了经济的快速发展。然而在经济发展的同时,我国碳排放水平日益提高,已成为全球最大排放国。为了更好地管控碳排放,研究外商直接投资(FDI),对外贸易与碳排放的关系具有重要意义。本文通过对我国1995—2011年29个省(市、自治区)的FDI、对外贸易对碳排放的动态效应分析发现,FDI与进出口水平的提升均有利于降低我国碳排放的水平,“污染天堂”假说在我国并未得到证实。同时,本文验证了“环境库兹涅茨曲线”在我国的存在,证实了我国的碳排放水平与人均GDP存在倒“U”型关系。     

不同来源地外商直接投资与工业能源消耗强度——基于江西省11个设区市的实证研究

运用2007—2010年江西省11个设区市的面板数据,分析外商直接投资对地区工业能源强度的影响。根据来源地不同,将直接投资分为港澳台直接投资和其他外商直接投资两类。研究表明,港澳台直接投资和其他外商直接投资对地区工业能源强度有显著的正影响;与港澳台投资相比,其他外商投资对地区工业能源强度的影响更大。     

西安外商直接投资的变化特点与限制因素分析

本文通过对多年有关统计资料的计算和整理,从外商投资的阶段、资金、行业、来源及效益几个方面进行分析,表明９０年代以来,外商看好西安,西安外商直接投资的结构日趋合理。文章对西安外商投资的环境分析得出,经济规模、经济增长速率、经济开放度、基础设施是制约西安外商直接投资的主要限制因素。最后,本文提出了吸引外商直接投资的建议。     

工业发展与资源环境压力互动关系研究

运用空间杜宾及耦合模型,基于绿色可持续发展视角探讨伴随工业发展、资源环境压力的时空演化特征.研究表明:我国东西部资源环境压力差距较小,研究范围内全国平均值由0.29681降为0.27396;资源环境压力与工业发展整体处于解耦状态;从空间计量回归效应来看,工业发展和外商直接投资的外溢效应使得资源环境压力提升,而经济发展水...     

哈尔滨市建设用地结构与经济发展关联度分析

基于灰色理论模型,对2008—2017年哈尔滨市建设用地结构与经济发展因子进行关联度分析,并利用定性研究方法探讨了两者的关联机制。结果发现:2008—2017年,哈尔滨市经历了"新常态"之前与"新常态"两个阶段,城市建设用地结构得到优化后趋于平稳状态,经济发展由高速转为中高速增长。哈尔滨市用地结构发展与外商实际直接投资关联度最高,为强相关;与城市化率关联度次之,为中等相关;与经济发展主导因子动态变化呈阶段性相似特征。根据哈尔滨市建设用地结构与经济发展的关联特征,提出3个关联机制——政府主导机制、人口流的动态平衡机制、计划体制机制。     

产业集聚与生态环境耦合协调及其空间驱动机制——以成渝地区双城经济圈为例

基于集聚“规模—能力—效益”与环境“压力—状态—响应”的研究框架,运用熵值法、耦合协调度模型考察了2008—2019年成渝地区双城经济圈产业集聚与生态环境耦合协调发展时空格局,继而采用空间杜宾模型探究了二者协调发展的空间驱动机制。结果表明：(1)成渝地区双城经济圈产业集聚与生态环境的耦合协调度呈稳步上升态势。(2)各城市耦合协调度空间差异明显,且具有显著的空间正相关性,以及“H—H”集聚和“L—L”集聚的空间俱乐部分布特征。(3)经济发展、外商直接投资、科技创新、工业要素禀赋结构、产业结构对本地产业集聚与生态环境耦合协调发展存在直接积极影响,而政府干预的直接推动作用有限;外商直接投资、工业要素禀赋结构、政府干预具有明显的正向溢出效应,产业结构则存在较强的空间负外部性。     

资源开发与技术效率:以中西部地区为例

利用1985—2004年省际统计数据,应用随机前沿分析技术估算了中西部地区和辽宁省的技术效率,研究了资源对技术效率的影响。结果表明,产业结构、外商直接投资的数量、企业的所有制结构和资源禀赋决定技术效率水平。分析表明,资源优势妨碍了技术效率的提高,资源开发战略不利于经济的长期增长。     

产业集聚对全要素生产率的影响研究——来自四川省制造业的证据

通过构建四川省制造业动态面板数据模型,采用两阶段系统GMM估计方法实证检验了四川省制造业集聚对全要素生产率的影响以及外商直接投资、制度环境等变量在其中的调节作用。结果表明:四川省制造业集聚能显著促进制造业全要素生产率提升,外商直接投资在其中发挥着显著的正向调节作用,制度环境呈显著的负向调节作用;产业性质的调节作用依赖于制造业的要素密集程度,其中资本密集型制造业呈显著的正向调节作用,技术和资源密集型制造业呈显著的负向调节作用。     

环境规制对城市生态技术扩散效率的影响研究

生态技术扩散是长江经济带生态文明建设的必要环节,也是企业履行环保责任的有效措施。本文以长江经济带110个地级及以上城市为研究对象,采用非径向方向距离函数对城市工业企业生态技术扩散效率进行测算,分别从整体和区域异质性角度实证分析环境规制对城市工业企业生态技术扩散效率的影响及内在机理。结果表明：长江经济带城市环境规制与生态技术扩散效率存在倒“U”形关系,环境规制对生态技术扩散效率还存在多重影响路径,外商直接投资和工业集聚在影响路径中分别起着中介作用,且外商直接投资和工业集聚的链式中介显著。在异质性分析中,发现环境规制、外商直接投资、工业集聚和生态技术扩散效率之间的关系因区域位置不同而存在差异性。为此,依据研究结论及环境规制实施现状提出相应的政策建议,实现长江经济带经济永续绿色发展目标。     

Golf Course Development in a Major Tourist Destination: Implications for Planning and Management

The planning and design of golf course developments is influenced by many factors. This paper focuses on the environmental ramifications of insufficient or lack of compliance with standard environmental and economic planning practices. Specifically, it looks at a tourist destination location that was under the influence of extensive land development and investment speculation. The Gold Coast in Australia was the focal point for large overseas investment due to changes in government legislation regarding foreign investment. Due to the economic climate in the second half of the 1980s many golf course resort developments were built, approved, or planned. Many of these circumvented normal business and environment planning processes. The result has been a dangerous concentration of golf facilities in environmentally sensitive areas and an oversupply of golf facilities. Both of these matters are discussed in terms of the general planning process and the potential economic and environmental impacts to the Gold Coast and similar destinations in other parts of the world.     

Local Dirt, Global Dreams: mining investment and land use change in Arizona

A central problematic for researchers working at the interface of economic and environmental change is the development of research designs and methodologies that can satisfactorily link economic processes of global reach (such as direct investment) to environmental change at local and regional scales. This article reviews recent efforts to couple economic and environmental change and finds that relatively little effort has been made to use the direct investment process as a means of linking industrial restructuring to land use change. The article argues that direct investment, when conceptualised as a political-economic process involving the assemblage of a package of rights (to land, water, pollution permits etc), can be an effective vehicle for tracing through the impacts of industrial restructuring on local environments. To develop this analytical approach, an empirical case of mineral investment in the Gila Valley of eastern Arizona is presented. The case study identifies the acquisition of land and water rights as central strategic issues for mineral firms seeking to make investment, and traces through the impact of these acquisition strategies on existing patterns of land ownership and land use.     

Local Dirt,Global Dreams: Mining investment and land use change in Arizona

A central problematic for researchers working at the interface of economic and environmental change is the development of research designs and methodologies that can satisfactorily link economic processes of global reach (such as direct investment) to environmental change at local and regional scales. This article reviews recent efforts to couple economic and environmental change and finds that relatively little effort has been made to use the direct investment process as a means of linking industrial restructuring to land use change. The article argues that direct investment, when conceptualised as a political-economic process involving the assemblage of a package of rights (to land, water, pollution permits etc), can be an effective vehicle for tracing through the impacts of industrial restructuring on local environments. To develop this analytical approach, an empirical case of mineral investment in the Gila Valley of eastern Arizona is presented. The case study identifies the acquisition of land and water rights as central strategic issues for mineral firms seeking to make investment, and traces through the impact of these acquisition strategies on existing patterns of land ownership and land use.     

四川省环境污染经济损失与污染治理投资比例探讨

环境保护同经济建设和社会发展相协调,是我国环境保护的基本原则。本文从环境保护与经济发展的相互关系出发,比较实际地估计了我省各种污染排放物及造成的经济损失,探讨了环保治理资金社会投入的比例问题。     

Making private capital flows to developing countries environmentally sustainable: the policy challenge

The 1990s have seen a dramatic shift in capital flows into the developing world. Despite pledges made at the 1992 UNCED Conference in Rio de Janeiro, official development aid has declined in real terms. At the same time, private direct investment and lending to developing countries has risen from $44 billion at the beginning of this decade to $256 billion in 1997, supporting a record economic boom in the developing world. Developing countries have become significant sources of capital, as well as hosts to transnational corporations.
Cases illustrating the negative impacts of large investments under environmentally lax conditions are contrasted with the rise of environmental screening of funds by commercial entities, such as banks, insurance companies and investors. Although the new inflows of foreign capital may have brought the spread of Western consumerism, this new economic potential has also contributed cutting-edge environmental technologies, that may assist developing countries leapfrog over the most damaging phases of industrialization.
The article discusses the role of public lending agencies, international organizations and NGOs in setting the investment climate that determines the effects of foreign capital on the natural resources base, communities and the environment. Various mechanisms for defining environmental standards are discussed, and a more active role for governments and the United Nations is advocated.     

Mineral development prospects of the Indochina area

Reform is under way in several nations within the Indochina area to stimulate economic growth and foreign investment. Though once forbidden, participation by foreign companies in mining exploration and development activities in Myanmar, Kampuchea, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam is now being solicited by the respective governments. This paper presents a preliminary evaluation of mineral and energy resources in the region and outlines possible development scenarios based on economic policies, financial and infrastructural constraints and industry interest. The investment climates for resource-related projects are assessed qualitatively by country. Clearly, the long-term development potential of mineral and energy resources in the Indochina area is large, and the potential gains outweigh any of today's problems.     

Harnessing the bonanza: economic liberalization and capacity building in the mineral sector

Over the past decade many developing and transition economies have liberalized their investment regimes for mining and privatized formerly state-owned mineral assets. In response, these economies have witnessed increased foreign investment in exploration and development, growth in the number and diversity of mineral projects, and the opening up of new channels for harnessing increased economic and social benefits from development in the minerals sector. The restructuring of fiscal and regulatory regimes to encourage foreign investment, and the associated influx of mining capital, technology and skills, is transforming traditional relationships between mining firms, local communities and the government. This transformation necessitates a re-evaluation of the most effective policy approaches to capture increased economic and social benefits from mineral production. This article considers effective mechanisms for improving the capacity of developing and transition countries to maximize the economic and social benefits of mineral production. Common challenges associated with minerals economies are reviewed. Consideration is given to the opportunities for harnessing foreign direct investment and the possibilities for creating new partnerships between local communities, industry, government, and multilateral development agencies through social investment projects. The article concludes with a series of recommendations for the design and implementation of policy approaches towards harnessing mineral production for economic and social benefit following the liberalization of investment regimes for mining.     

新疆环境保护投资状况与问题分析

环境保护投资对预防和治理环境污染、改善环境状况具有重要作用。新疆经济发展基础薄弱,环境保护投资任务艰巨,从投资规模、投资结构、投资方向、投资主体等方面,分析了新疆环境保护投资状况及存在的主要问题,为决策部门提供参考。     

国家环境经济政策进展评估报告：2017

环境经济政策是生态文明建设的重要组成部分,是实现绿色发展的核心政策之一,创新运用环境经济政策受到高度重视。经过多年的探索发展,我国已经基本建立了自上而下与自下而上相结合的环境经济政策体系。为了更好地为有关决策和政策制定提供定量化信息,提高政策设计和决策的科学性,本文采取实地调研法和政策分析方法,对2017年度我国重点环境经济政策的年度进展进行了系统评估,并指出了下一步环境经济政策改革需要解决的关键问题。总体上看,2017年是环境经济政策建设取得重要进展的一年,环境税费、生态补偿、绿色金融等政策取得了阶段性突破,但是我国的环境经济政策体系仍不够完善,服务于生态文明建设以及环境质量改善的环境经济政策仍然存在结构性短缺,因此,应积极推进环保投融资、生态环境补偿等环境经济政策的创新运用,为环境质量改善、生态文明建设提供长效机制保障。     

我国地方政府环保融资缺口解决方案的若干设想

环保融资缺口是我国环境保护事业发展的瓶颈。本文从财政投资、排污收费、利用外资、市场融资四个方面提出了一个系统性的解决方案。希望为环保融资困境提供一个可资借鉴的模式。