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除尘器对颗粒物的除尘效率与颗粒物的荷电量密切相关,PM2.5等细小颗粒物由于其荷电量不足而导致其吸收效率较低,对环境造成危害。为了增加粒子的荷电量,以粒子荷电原理为理论依据,从离子电流密度和通过电凝并扩大尘粒中位径2个方面研究了电除尘电源中交流电压分量对PM2.5等细小颗粒物荷电特性的影响,得出了电除尘器电源中交流电压分量可从以上2个方面提高装置对PM2.5等微小颗粒物的荷电量,且频率越高,幅值越大,荷电效果越好,从而可以提高装置对细小颗粒物的除尘效率。 相似文献
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燃煤工业锅炉PM2.5排放规律 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当前我国工业锅炉中最主要应用炉型为链条炉,是大气污染物排放的重要污染源之一。本研究利用基于荷电低压捕集器(ELPI)的颗粒物排放稀释系统,选取5台典型链条燃煤工业锅炉,对其除尘器的进口、出口和脱硫后3处进行细微颗粒物(PM2.5)的现场测试。粒径分布结果表明,粒数浓度较多在0.04~0.3μm范围内,质量浓度分布在0.08~0.25μm范围内呈单峰上升形态。除尘装置对PM2.5的捕集效率在50%左右,除尘效果较差;脱硫后有些级的颗粒物浓度不降反升。目前环境日趋恶劣,燃煤工业锅炉作为PM2.5的重要排放源,将是今后重点控制对象。 相似文献
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为考察线板式静电除尘器中PM2.5颗粒的除尘性能,建立电场、颗粒动力场和流场多场耦合下的数学理论模型.采用GAMBIT软件构造ESP实体结构,将用户自定义程序UDF导入到FLUENT软件中进行数值仿真,并应用DeutsehAnderson公式计算粉尘在不同荷电机理和2种不同除尘操作参数下的除尘效率.数值结果表明,扩散荷电效应对PM2.5分级除尘效率贡献率随粒径增大非线性减小;外加工作电压越低或烟道气流速越高,扩散荷电效应对PM2.5粉尘颗粒的影响越大;在较高外加电压工况下,扩散荷电对综合效率的影响与降低一定量的烟道气流速相当. 相似文献
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新型电袋复合除尘器性能研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了提高布袋除尘器对细微粒子的捕集效率,同时降低压力损失,提出了一种新型的电袋复合除尘器,并利用这种新型的除尘器对2 500目的超细滑石粉进行了实验研究。通过普通布袋过滤、电袋复合过滤的对比实验研究,得到了电场强度、气布比、压损、清灰周期和除尘效率等参数的变化规律。实验结果表明,使用新型的复合除尘器过滤粉尘时,粉尘在进入袋室之前就被荷电,通过在滤料表面施加较强的静电场,使得被处理粉尘在滤料的表面有序堆积和排列,能有效地降低压力损失,提高过滤风速,除尘效率均达到97%以上。Vf=3.5 m/min,U=12.3 kV时,新型复合除尘器与普通布袋过滤相比压力损失降低了90 Pa;PM2.5的捕集效率提高了5.9%;清灰周期从10 min延长至36 min。 相似文献
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烧结机细颗粒物PM_(2.5)排放特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用基于荷电低压颗粒物撞击器(ELPI)的颗粒物排放稀释采样系统,对不同烧结机组的机头、机尾、配料和整粒后的烟粉尘进行了PM2.5的现场测试。结果表明了各测试点位排放的PM2.5粒径分布和质量浓度分布特点。烧结机机头脱硫后虽然降低PM2.5的质量浓度,却增大了其粒数浓度,因此应对脱硫工艺进行优化。PM2.5单体颗粒形态有:球形颗粒、超细颗粒、不规则颗粒和烟尘集合体。PM2.5中SO2-4、有机碳(OC)、无机碳(EC)和铁(Fe)的含量较高,分别为2.65%~10.76%,6.15%~12.6%,3.05%~10.05%和4.14%~26.78%。 相似文献
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燃煤电厂烟气中颗粒物粒径分布特征研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用冲击式尘粒分级仪对某燃煤电厂1、3机组静电除尘器进、出口烟气进行监测,分析了烟气中颗粒物排放规律和静电除尘器对不同粒径颗粒物的去除率.结果表明,除尘前烟气中以大粒径颗粒物为主,小粒径颗粒物含量相对较低.静电除尘器对不同粒径颗粒物的去除率差别较大,1、3机组的静电除尘器对平均粒径(d50)≥3.56 μm的颗粒物的去除率均达到99.99%,对d50为1.01 μm的颗粒物的去除率则分别为92.75%、95.69%.除尘后烟气中PM2.5和PM10所占比例迅速增加,燃煤电厂排放的烟气中颗粒物以PM2.5为主. 相似文献
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为提高现有电袋复合除尘器的除尘效率,降低压力损失,改进清灰效果,设计出一种线管式双极电袋复合除尘器,并对其增效减阻作用和单极电袋复合除尘器进行了对比研究。在硅微粉中位径1.74μm、过滤风速3 m·min~(-1)、入口粉尘浓度2 500 mg·m~(-3)的实验条件下,双极电袋复合除尘器比单极电袋复合除尘器的粉尘透过率、压力损失分别降低25%、27%以上。为分析双极荷电粉尘的静电凝并增效作用,测定了滤料表面沉积粉尘层的粒度分布,发现单极荷电和双极荷电沉积尘的中位径分别为1.83μm和1.92μm,表明双极荷电粉尘具有较好的静电凝并作用,所形成的较粗团聚颗粒物不易透过滤料,使除尘效率提高。为阐明双极荷电粉尘的减阻作用,采用自然堆积法测出双极荷电粉尘的堆积密度小于单极荷电粉尘,证明粉尘双极荷电后会在滤料表面形成较蓬松的粉尘层,这将有助于降低压力损失、提高清灰效果。 相似文献
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大气污染物中的颗粒物的控制,经过人们长时间的努力,从技术的角度来讲,已基本解决。亚微米颗粒,由于其质量小,单单依靠一次控制过程很难解决。为了控制这种对人体健康危害很大的亚微米颗粒,利用冷凝,凝聚和荷电可以使颗粒物被此团聚的原理,设计了一些新型的除尘装置,即所谓二次控制。例如,利用冷凝和凝聚作用设计的除尘装置,在我 相似文献
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M. B. Awad G. S. P. Castle 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):172-176
The suppression of corona by particle space-charge is of considerable importance in electrostatic precipitators dealing with medium to high concentrations of particulates. However, the effect of the dust concentration on collection efficiency has found no direct answer in the literature. In addition to the expected reduction in corona current due to low mobility dust particles, the presence of these charged particles has two other main effects: 1. The electric field in the vicinity of the discharge electrode is weakened and hence the concentration of ions originating in the ionization zone and forming the charging current is decreased. 2. The resulting space-charge build-up causes an increase in the field strength adjacent to the collecting surface of the precipitator. The importance of each of these effects on the collection efficiency will be dependent on the relative decrease in particle charge as compared to the increase in the collection field. Experiments were carried out under both positive and negative corona with aerosol concentrations having specific surfaces in the range 0 to 44 m2/m3. These results showed: 1. For low values of corona current densities, as the specific surface area increases, the efficiency decreases. In this cqse, the charge per particle decreases as the particle concentration increases and becomes far below the normal charge attainable. Here the increase in the collection field is more than counteracted by the jarge reduction in particle charge. 2. For higher values of initial corona current densities, as the particle specific surface area increases, the efficiency either increases slightly or stays constant, in spite of major reductions in the measured corona current. In this case there should also be a reduction in the charge per particle with the increase in particle concentration, however, this is apparently offset by the increase in the collection field strength. Analysis of the results, coupled with an interpretation of existing theories, indicates that a major parameter that must be considered is the ratio of the initial corona current density and the specific surface of the particles. 相似文献
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采用热力学计算和实验方法对钙硫比n(CaO)/n(S)=2.0条件下不同钙基固硫剂的固硫效果进行了比较,发现:CaO的固硫效率最高。以CaO为固硫剂,研究了添加剂MnO2对CaO固硫效果的影响。结果表明,加入MnO2可以提高CaO的固硫效率,且其含量为1%时对CaO固硫的促进效果最佳。这是因为煤粉燃烧过程中MnO2将逐级分解,分解产物依次为Mn2O3和Mn3O4,锰的氧化物一方面可以催化CaO的固硫反应,另一方面,Mn3O4本身也参与到固硫反应之中,生成MnSO4,从而促进钙基固硫剂的固硫效果。 相似文献
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《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1999,33(7):1131-1140
A wet effluent denuder - aerosol collector (WEDD/AC) system coupled to ion chromatography for the measurement of atmospheric HONO, HNO3 and particulate nitrite, nitrate and sulfate is described. Several experiments were performed to outline its performance. The main features are low detection limits and a fast response to concentration changes which enables measurements with high time resolution. In contrast to highly soluble gases, the collection efficiency of less soluble gases is shown to depend on the Henry’s law constant rather than on the uptake kinetics. To improve the collection efficiency for HONO under simultaneous presence of acidifying gases, NaHCO3 was added to the effluent solution. The system was tested in a field campaign in the suburban area of Zürich, Switzerland. Elevated concentrations of nitrous acid up to 3.2 ppb were detected during the measurement campaign. The diurnal variation of the HONO to NO2 ratio clearly points to a fast and persistent process producing HONO in the atmosphere. The correlation with NOx and black carbon suggests a heterogeneous formation of HONO, and is consistent with a reaction on soot aerosol particle surfaces postulated from previous laboratory results. 相似文献
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以嘉兴市某水厂沉后水为进水进行实验,研究炭砂滤池对污染物的去除性能,以及炭砂滤池取代活性炭+砂滤池的可能性,探讨了短流程工艺的适用性。结果表明,炭砂滤池能有效去除水中的浊度、氨氮、CODMn和铁、锰等污染物,与活性炭柱相比,炭砂滤池在降低出水浊度和水中颗粒数方面具有一定优势,即砂垫层对控制出水浊度和保障微生物安全能够起到积极作用。在实验条件下,增加活性炭层厚度或者降低滤速,在一定程度上有利于提高对CODMn的去除率。在设计滤速为9~10 m/h,CODMn〈4.5 mg/L时,可直接以炭砂滤池取代活性炭池+砂滤池,仍然能保证出水CODMn〈3 mg/L。 相似文献
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M. Ali H. Pasic K. Alam S.A.N. Tiji N. Mannella T. Silva 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2016,66(12):1237-1244
This paper reports development and testing of a novel cross-flow wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP), recently patented at Ohio University, that utilizes vertical columns of permeable material in the form of polypropylene ropes placed in a cross-flow configuration within a flue gas stream. The cross-flow design has large surface area, which provides scrubbing action; therefore, it has the potential for removing multiple pollutants, including particulates, gases, vapors, and mists. In this new method, the ropes are kept wet by the liquid (water) introduced from the top of the cells running downward on the ropes by capillary action, making the permeable materials act as the ground electrode for capturing particles from the flue gas. Preliminary testing has shown an efficiency of well above 80% using two cells and three sets of discharge electrodes. Since the material of construction is primarily corrosion-resistant polymeric material, both weight and cost reductions are expected from this new design.
Implications: The newly invented cross-flow WESP exhibit particulate collection efficiency of well above 80% when introduced in particulate-laden exhaust flow. This value was obtained using a two cells and three discharge electrodes configuration. The electric field strength has a substantial effect on the collection efficiency. Also, the pressure drop test results indicate that there is a potential to increase the collection area, which, in turn, will increase the collection efficiency further. 相似文献
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Michael J. Pilat 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):176-178
Theoretical calculations and experimental measurements show that the collection of small aerosol particles (0.05 to 5 micron diameter range) by water droplets in spray scrubbers can be substantially increased by electrostatically charging the droplets and particles to opposite polarity. Measurements with a 140 acfm two chamber spray scrubber (7 seconds gas residence time) showed an increase in the overall particle collection efficiency from 68.8% tit uncharged conditions to 93.6% at charged conditions, with a dioctyl phthalate aerosol (1.05 μm particle mass mean diameter and 2.59 geometric standard deviation). The collection efficiency for 0.3 μm particles increased from 35 to 87% when charged. During 1973–1974 a 1000 acfm pilot plant electrostatic scrubber was constructed inside a 40 ft trailer for evaluation on controlling particu-late emissions from pulp mill operations (funded by Northwest Pulp and Paper Association). Field tests performed on the particle emissions exhausting from SO2 absorption towers treating the gases from a magnesium based sulfite recovery boiler have shown particle collection efficiencies ranging from about 60 to 99% by weight, depending on the electrostatic scrubber operating conditions. Energy requirements for the University of Washington electrostatic scrubber are about 0.5 hp/1000 acfm (350 Watts/1000 acfm) including gas pressure drop, water pressure drop, and electrostatic charging of the water spray droplets and the particles. 相似文献
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电化学脱硝过程参数的响应曲面优化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以Ti/IrO2-TiO2-RuO2为阳极,Cu/Zn合金电极为阴极,在无隔膜电解池中对这一新构造电极对的脱硝氮性能进行了研究。为了有效结合阴极硝氮还原能力和阳极氧化能力,采用响应曲面法中的Box-Behnken设计优化了对电化学脱硝过程有显著影响的4个重要因素:氯化钠含量、电流密度、pH和初始硝氮浓度。优化结果表明,相对于pH和初始硝氮浓度,氯化钠含量和电流密度对脱硝性能影响更大,而阴极硝氮还原性能主要受初始硝氮浓度、pH的影响。以6 h内电极对脱氮百分率为响应量,优化得最佳电化学脱硝过程参数为:氯化钠含量,1 g/L;电流密度,24.99 mA/cm2;pH,1.81;初始硝氮浓度100 mg/L。在此实验条件下,6 h内电极对脱氮百分率预测值为99.84%。通过3次重复验证实验,确认实际6 h内电极对脱氮百分率为91.34%。预测值与实测值两者相差不大,由此可知,Box-Behnken设计是一种优化电化学脱氮实验参数的有效方法,经过优化后的电极对具有较佳的脱氮效率。 相似文献