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1.
淮河流域蚌埠城市水生态系统服务价值评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据淮河流域城市水生态系统服务特点，将蚌埠城市水生态系统服务划分为直接使用价值和间接使用价值2大类11个小类，同时建立了一套价值评估指标体系，对2003年蚌埠城市水生态系统服务功能的经济价值进行了评估。结果表明，2003年蚌埠城市水生态系统服务功能的总价值为6．34亿元，占当年城市国内生产总值（109．5亿元）的5．79％，其中航运功能及水资源调蓄功能的价值较高，水质净化功能的价值仅占总价值的0．24％，但该部分价值对维持城市水生态系统健康和其它功能的正常发挥具有积极的支撑作用，对改善城市水环境具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
U. Oses E. Rojí I. Gurrutxaga M. Larrauri 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(11):1891-1922
The management of urban transportation systems represents one of the most formidable challenges for local government that generates several problems related to the well-being and the comfort of the public that commute and travel in their daily life. Improvements to various policies and practical measures can move us closer to the ideal of sustainable urban areas with sustainable urban transportation systems. Nevertheless, these aspirations in no way ensure unanimity over the most effective actions to take and the extent of their benefits. In response, a mathematical model has been developed for decision-taking purposes using multi-criteria analysis adapted to urban transportation systems. This model not only takes account of environmental parameters, but also examines economic, social and urban models, the characteristics and condition of the transport fleet and freight distribution vehicles, in order to generate a sustainability index value for the transportation system of urban areas. 相似文献
3.
Patrick Devine-Wright 《Local Environment》2013,18(1):57-69
Despite several recent UK initiatives to promote renewable energy development at the local level, little research has been carried out to investigate public beliefs about aspects of local renewable energy development. This research attempted to address this gap. Empirical data were collected at the Awel Aman Tawe development in South Wales immediately before and after a public participation process. The results indicate that support for specific aspects of local energy development (partnership with local communities, local use of generated energy and profits put back into the local community) was consistently high across time, with support for local ownership at a slightly lower level, yet still high. Secondly, socio-demographical analyses indicated that personal factors such as respondents' age, gender and employment status were important in shaping several of these beliefs. Since UK renewable energy development has often been controversial and subject to delay, results suggest that the adoption of a locally embedded development approach by public and private sector stakeholders will be strongly supported by local people. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to existing industry best practice guidelines and recent policy initiatives. 相似文献
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5.
Gino Van Begin 《Local Environment》2013,18(3):213-216
Since 1994, more than 2000 European local governments have adopted the principles of the Aalborg Charter as a basis for local sustainability action. Now, ten years later in June 2004, these local governments will gather once again in Aalborg, Denmark at the Fourth European Conference on Sustainable Cities and Towns in Europe, Inspiring Futures—Aalborg+10. The Aalborg+10 event will celebrate a decade of European local sustainability action, evaluate progress and stagnation, and, more importantly, will adopt new commitments to move from Agenda to Action. The conference will be crucial for accelerating local sustainability in Europe and to move towards Local Action. Here an overview is provided on the context against which this important conference is set and its expected outcomes. 相似文献
6.
Many cities' municipal governments have made some version of “sustainability” an explicit policy goal over the past two decades. Previous research has documented how the operationalisation and conceptualisation of sustainability in urban sustainability plans vary greatly among cities, particularly with respect to environmental justice. This article reports on whether and how large American cities incorporate environmental justice into their urban sustainability indicator projects. Our findings suggest that while there has been an increase in the number of cities incorporating environmental justice elements into sustainability plans since the early 2000s, their conceptualizations and implementations of sustainability remain highly constrained. The paucity of evaluative tools suggests that environmental justice efforts are potentially losing traction in public debate over macro-scale sustainability concerns (e.g. climate change) or the need for regionally competitive environmental amenities (e.g. parks). This paper concludes with suggestions for revising existing sustainability plans to better reflect environmental justice concerns. 相似文献
7.
城市空间结构的演进是对城市经济发展的一种适应性.开发区是20世纪90年代以来我国工业经济发展的一种空间形式,对我国城市经济发展和空间结构演进有着重大影响.开发区建设成为芜湖市重要的经济增长点,带动了整个城市经济的发展.在此基础上,从开发区布局建设对芜湖市城市空间结构的影响即导致城市空间增长、城市形态变化及城市地域结构变化等方面阐述了开发区与芜湖城市空间结构演进的关系. 相似文献
8.
Jose Manuel Diaz-Sarachaga 《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2021,28(4):1299-1312
Despite stakeholder pressure boosts companies to help achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs), only 36% of Spanish firms have implemented a corporate strategy towards the 2030 Agenda. Furthermore, the correlation between the SDGs and corporate sustainability reporting systems has barely been studied. This research aims at identifying gaps in reporting on corporate contributions in the SDGs by examining the global reporting initiative (GRI) standards and annual reports disclosed by the Spanish industry leaders in the Dow Jones sustainability world index in 2018 and 2019. Findings revealed a high inconsistency between GRI disclosures and actions performed by firms. Intangibility, omission of negative impacts, poor standardization, diversity of criteria and lack of comparability are the main features of corporate reporting employed by enterprises. The design of a quantitative framework that enables the standardization and measurement of positive and negative corporate contributions in the achievement of the SDGs was suggested. 相似文献
9.
采用重庆市主城区2000年和2010年两个时相的TM影像提取城市扩展信息,对影像数据的归一化建筑指数（NDBI）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）和归一化水体指数（NDWI）进行RGB组合增强,再进行决策树分类和减法运算获取研究区扩展信息,发现建筑区面积增加了1.62倍,大部分是由植被区转变而来。其扩张方向受地理影响,南北方向为外延型,东西方向为飞地型。借助统计资料进行精度验证和城市扩展的驱动因素分析发现,区域发展政策、经济增长和人口扩张是主要的影响因素,探讨了对经济增长、城市扩张和人口增长的关系。研究结果表明,以遥感手段监测与研究城市发展变化的趋势是可行和高效的。 相似文献
10.
Sarah L. Close Franco Montalto Philip Orton Adrienne Antoine Danielle Peters Hunter Jones 《Local Environment》2017,22(4):508-522
In the wake of Hurricane Sandy and other recent extreme events, urban coastal communities in the northeast region of the United States are beginning or stepping up efforts to integrate climate adaptation and resilience into long-term coastal planning. Natural and nature-based shoreline strategies have emerged as essential components of coastal resilience and are frequently cited by practitioners, scientists, and the public for the wide range of ecosystem services they can provide. However, there is limited quantitative information associating particular urban shoreline design strategies with specific levels of ecosystem service provision, and research on this issue is not always aligned with decision context and decision-maker needs. Engagement between the research community, local government officials and sustainability practitioners, and the non-profit and private sectors can help bridge these gaps. A workshop to bring together these groups discussed research gaps and challenges in integrating ecosystem services into urban sustainability planning in the urban northeast corridor. Many themes surfaced repeatedly throughout workshop deliberations, including the challenges associated with ecosystem service valuation, the transferability of research and case studies within and outside the region, and the opportunity for urban coastal areas to be a focal point for education and outreach efforts related to ecosystem services. 相似文献
11.
以湖泊资源丰富的武汉市为例,通过景观格局指数测定该市湿地破碎化程度,借助GIS技术评估该市湿地生态系统服务价值,并探讨了城市湿地破碎化对生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明:①2000—2015年武汉市湿地总体破碎化趋势有所缓和,但人工湿地相较于自然湿地破碎化程度要高,特别是2010—2015年湿地总面积下降了2.80%,而斑块密度上升了4.12%,湖泊破碎化程度较高。②2000—2015年,武汉市湿地ESV增长了323.27亿元,各类型湿地的生态系统服务价值表现为湖泊>水库坑塘>河流>沼泽。③湿地景观破碎化与部分调节性、支持性和文化性服务功能存在着显著相关关系。 相似文献
12.
本文立足于城市生态系统的结构与功能,探讨了系统内部资源、环境对人类社会经济活动的承载机制,总结了城市生态系统承载机制的特点,认为城市生态系统承载机制具有客观存在性、阈值性、相对性等特点,并从城市生态系统压力水平、约束水平、支撑水平等角度构建相应的定量研究指标体系,运用主成份分析法,提出了城市生态系统资源承载指数、环境约束指数以及综合承载指数。 相似文献
13.
Donald Leffers 《Local Environment》2013,18(2):134-151
This article delineates concepts of eco-modernisation and urban sustainability (including its associated discourses), elucidating Foucault's notion of governmentality and examining select moments of contested urban governance in the neighbourhood of Old Ottawa South, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It shows how intensification – a “compact city approach” to urban sustainability – as both policy and practice, serves to both discipline and regulate by “conducting the conduct” of environmental and entrepreneurial subjects. It reveals that zoning has more explicitly become a political technology (albeit a flexible one) for achieving “highest and best use” of private property, privileging intensification projects proposed by developers, through a hierarchical exercise of state power that privileges market processes, while undermining community values and priorities. 相似文献
14.
基于能值分析的苏州市城市生态系统可持续发展评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用能值分析的方法,分析了苏州城市生态系统的各种生态流,并建立了苏州城市生态系统可持续发展能值评价指标体系,评估其可持续发展程度,并对其能值指标的发展进行了预测。研究结果显示,2007年苏州市系统利用总能值达到616.71×1021sej,能值自给率仅为35.5%,环境负载率达到61.67。与其他国家和地区能值指标对比得出,苏州市是一个高度外向型生态经济系统,其系统的发展高度依赖于外界资源的输入,面对现在不稳定的世界经济发展和外部环境,苏州市必须加大系统自身的供给能力,提高系统自身的稳定性;发展循环经济,降低系统环境负载率;加强高科技和人才投入,提高系统可持续发展潜力。 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2012,55(5):695-719
Measuring sustainability is not only a contentious issue, but one which has captured the attention of both academics and politicians since the late 1980s. A plethora of methods and approaches have been developed over the last decades or so, from rapid measurements as inputs to specific projects, to longer-term processes of research, monitoring and wider learning. Indicators have been, however, the most influential measuring tool of all and despite the fact that the tensions between expert-led and citizen-led models in their development have fuelled much debate in the literature. It has been suggested that integrating the two approaches would tap into various levels of ‘knowledge’ of sustainability and thus, be a better way of assessing sustainability. However, little is known of whether these ‘integrated’ sets of sustainability indicators work in practice, or indeed reflect the local perspectives, values and understandings of sustainability which they aim to represent. This paper aims to fill this gap. First, an ‘integrative’ set of indicators is designed and second, this is discussed with over 60 ‘sustainability experts’ and 130 residents living in three urban areas in the UK. It is found that the set of indicators is generally a good reflection of urban sustainability in these areas, however, people tend to assign different degrees of ‘importance’ to individual indicators, something which is little accounted for when measuring urban sustainability. The paper concludes that sustainability indicators are not isolated pieces of information, but manifestations of local underlying processes and interconnections that can be mapped and which have the potential to expand our understanding of local sustainability. 相似文献
16.
Sumita Ghosh 《Local Environment》2014,19(1):33-55
The growing interests in “local food” in recent years in public discussions, research and practice highlight its significant importance as a part of overall food system. This research compares spatially local food production potential of home gardens in nine residential neighbourhood case studies with varying physical densities at a local scale using geographic information systems and mathematical methods. This paper develops a “local food energy model” for measuring sustainability potential of growing local food mainly vegetables in the home gardens. The outcomes indicate that potential of the home gardens in supplying vegetables demand as a share of total dietary energy would depend on the morphological characteristics of urban forms, total resident population, total food demand and other related factors. Local food production in the home gardens could meaningfully contribute towards building a sustainable food future. 相似文献
17.
黄山市交通网络优化及区域旅游效应分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以黄山市为例,从区际与区内两个角度构建黄山市区际、区内旅游交通网络无向图,并采用拓扑分析的方法,测定了区际的徽杭高速公路以及区内的宏儒公路建成前后黄山市旅游交通网络通达度指数的变化.结果表明:①黄山市交通网络的优化大大提高了整个黄山市的旅游可进入性,有利于促进"长三角"客流量的增加;②宏儒公路等区内交通建设,有利于推进"两山一湖"整体发展和发挥黄山风景区的旅游辐射带动功能,但同时宏村与西递之间的竞争将会加剧. 相似文献
18.
Elif Yildirim Necati Mahir T. Hikmet Karakoc 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(13):1093-1099
The rapid decrease of energy resources has accelerated studies on energy efficiency. Energy efficiency refers to the effective use of energy, in other words, completing a specific task to the required standard by using less energy. Exergy is an effective instrument to indicate the effective and sustainable use of energy in systems and processes. Transportation is an important part of human life. The studies on energy saving and the effective use of energy in different areas around the world have also increased for transportation systems and vehicles. With the more effective use of fuel, there will be potential benefits for the environment as well as a reduction in operating costs. This study includes energy and exergy analyses as well as a sustainability assessment by using C8H16 as a fuel at different engine powers (150–600 SHP (shaft horse power)), for the piston-prop helicopter engine. The maximum exergetic sustainability index was found at the power that provided the maximum energy and exergy efficiency. As a result of this index, the lowest waste exergy ratio, the lowest exergy destruction factor, and the lowest environmental impact factor were obtained. The highest exergy destruction and the highest exergy loss value were obtained at maximum power (600 SHP). 相似文献
19.
济南市大气污染时空特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为不断改善济南市大气环境质量,在广泛收集与整理相关资料和数据基础上,基于综合污染指数评价法及Arc-GIS平台空间插值法研究并表征了济南市“十一五”期间大气主要污染物的时、空变化特征及发展趋势;研究结果表明：济南市“十一五”期间大气环境质量变化较大,2007～2009年污染较为严重,之后有所改善;大气污染物浓度呈明显的季节变化特征,冬季污染最严重,夏季空气质量最好;首要污染物为PM10;污染较严重区域集中在济南市东北部地区;其变化原因受地理气候条件、产业结构和能源结构影响较大.该研究方法及结论对其他大中城市大气环境质量时空变化研究具有一定借鉴价值. 相似文献