新中老驾驶员交通安全违法随意性变化趋势及致因研究

为降低交通安全违法随意性,运用模糊信号检测理论,以动态模拟手段,进行了驾驶员交通安全违法随意性检测试验,并提取、分析驾驶员危险感知数据,研究了驾龄增长与驾驶员交通安全违法随意性之间的变化趋势和造成这种趋势的影响因素及作用机理。结果表明,随驾龄增长驾驶员交通安全违法随意性呈先增大而后降低、且老驾驶员交通安全违法随意性更大的总体趋势;在2项影响因素中,交通执法仅决定驾驶员交通安全违法随意性的整体水平。而新、中、老驾驶员对交通法规保障行车安全作用的认识不同,这造成了交通安全违法随意性的总体变化趋势。在交通管理中,对新、中驾驶员应侧重交通法规教育,并提高对中段驾驶员的交通执法力度;对老驾驶员应侧重交通执法。     

交通事故致因中的人为因素分析

为改善交通安全状况,减少交通事故,从最主要的因素——人为因素出发,分析其影响。导致事故发生的主要原因是:驾驶员处理交通事件的能力(包括新手、老年、酒精、药物、疲劳、压力等),驾驶员在驾驶时采取冒险行为(包括不正确使用安全带、超速、犯罪、自杀等)。结果表明:新手驾驶、饮酒驾驶、疲劳驾驶、不正确使用安全带驾驶等仍是影响交通安全的主要因素。     

事前麻痹与事后恐惧

笔者常与驾驶员打交道,发现有一种“事前麻痹与事后恐惧”不良的交通心理在驾驶员中普遍存在。有这种心理的人,在行车途中就潜在着不安全的隐患。说驾驶员不顾交通安全,一意孤行,盲目开车那也不全面,应该说绝大多数驾驶员对交通安全还是非常在意的。但从现实情况看,交通肇事者往往是在不经意间、不小心就闯了祸。究其根本大致有     

大理表彰奖励烟草企业交通安全竞赛先进

云南省大理州烟草专卖局、云南省烟草大理州公司、大理卷烟厂近日作出决定 ,为了表彰先进、总结经验、发扬成绩 ,激励广大汽车驾驶员在新的一年里 ,减少和杜绝交通事故 ,对在开展９９年度“双百日”交通安全竞赛活动中作出显著成绩的５４名专职驾驶员给予表彰奖励 ,分别向获得一等奖的１８名、二等奖２５名、三等奖１１名驾驶员颁发了奖金。决定要求各企业交通管理人员和驾驶人员 ,狠抓交通安全管理 ,消除事故隐患 ,为２０００年实现交通安全 ,不发生重大事故和交通事故目标为零而努力奋斗。大理表彰奖励烟草企业交通安全竞赛先进@瞿国相$云…     

三明:交通安全,群防群治

三明属于经济欠发达的山区,农村地域广,驾驶员、机动车分散,交通安全管理呈现点多、线长、面广及道路等级低、车辆构成不合理、群众交通安全意识差的特点,交通安全管理的难度相对较大。三明市交警部门针对这种现状,结合本地实际,在交通安全管理群防群治方面进行了有益的探索和尝试。     

绍安县清障疏堵治交通

本刊讯 福建省绍安县狠抓交通安全,通过清障疏堵,境内的龙汾线公路交通安全状况大有好转,1987年比1986年交通事故起数减少16.5%,死亡人数减少16.67%,受伤人数减少27.27%,使这条每天车流量达5000辆次的公路线,成为全省安全较好、运输效率较高的公路线。 该县治理交通安全的工作有以下几个特点: 第一,大造交通安全舆论,加强交通安全监督。他们印发了7500多份驾驶员职业道德教育等学习材料。同时开展了军民共建文明路活动,建立了路面监控小组。不管白天、黑夜,主要路段均有人员执勤。几个月来共纠正违章车辆1685部,对不合格的驾驶员采取吊扣执…     

基于驾驶模拟试验的山区公路交通安全设施组合效用研究

为准确评估山区公路环境下交通安全设施组合的效用，设计“直线+长大坡道、急转弯、弯坡道组合”3种经典山区公路场景下交通安全设施组合驾驶模拟试验，通过分析驾驶员在山区公路交通安全设施下的驾驶特性，将熵权法和物元可拓理论有机结合，构建了山区公路交通安全设施效用评估指标体系，建立了交通安全设施组合效用的熵权物元多级可拓评价模型。评估山区公路环境下不同设施组合场景效用，得出安全设施组合的效用等级，并以此提出交通安全设施设置的改进策略。结果表明：在直线+长大坡道场景下，相较于减速标线，道路标志的设置更有利于吸引驾驶员的注意力和提升驾驶员的警惕性；在急转弯场景下，设置道路防护类设施，如护栏等，对驾驶安全性的提升最大；在弯坡道组合场景下，采取交通标志标线与护栏设施组合的设置方式，可以使驾驶员快速判断前方道路路况，从而促使其采取安全的驾驶行为，保证驾驶员的驾驶安全性。     

弹药公路运输安全影响因素分析及防护

交通安全是弹药运输安全的前提条件.分析交通系统的构成要素,指出驾驶员是影响交通安全的核心因素.根据事故致因理论建立了交通安全事故模型.分析了弹药运输环境条件对弹药运输安全的影响,并提出研究运行速度与运输冲击振动环境变化的关系.最后,提出了弹药公路运输安全的3点防护对策.     

基于交通文化的交通安全策略

以往对于交通安全的研究 ,很少有人从交通文化的深度进行分析 ,而对交通文化的研究确实具有现实意义和深远的战略价值。笔者针对这一问题 ,在阐述了交通文化的定义、特征的基础上 ,构建了交通文化系统的结构 ,说明了交通文化与交通安全的关系 ,提出了基于交通文化的驾驶员素质培训和安全教育、培养交通参与者交通安全意识、重视交通安全技术的研究和应用、加强道路交通管理和重视交通道德建设等交通安全策略。     

我国道路交通事故的基本特点及预防对策

笔者从我国现阶段的交通安全状况出发,分析了我国交通事故的基本特点,并指出当前道路交通安全管理方面的不足之处。在此基础上提出基于交通文化的驾驶员的素质培训与安全教育、培养交通参者的交通安全意识、加大交通安全宣传教育的力度及安全价值观的培养、重视交通道德建设、建立高效的交通事故急救系统等一系列切实可行的交通事故预防对策,为改善我国交通安全状况提供了重要的理论依据,对预防及减少交通事故的发生起到积极的作用。     

大货车驾驶员交通心理与交通安全的研究

笔者从交通心理学的角度,对大货车驾驶员在行驶过程中的心理状况、因攻击性驾驶行为、强烈的冒险动机的驱使、对道路期望心理的失衡及交通安全感偏差等不良心理因素而导致恶性交通事故进行分析。通过研究得出以下结论大货车驾驶员是一特殊的群体,应重视对该群体的教育、培训与管理,从而提高驾驶员的职业道德水平、性格品质、交通安全感及驾驶技能,以改善道路安全环境和交通安全状况、降低道路交通事故发生率。     

A data mining approach to deriving safety policy implications for taxi drivers

Introduction: Traffic safety issues associated with taxis are important because the frequency of taxi crashes is significantly higher than that of other vehicle types. The purpose of this study is to derive safety implications to be used for developing policies to enhance taxi safety based on analyzing intrinsic characteristics underlying the cause of traffic accidents. Method: An in-depth questionnaire survey was conducted to collect a set of useful data representing the intrinsic characteristics. A total of 781 corporate taxi drivers participated in the survey in Korea. The proposed analysis methodology consists of two-stage data mining techniques, including a random forest method, with data that represents the working condition and welfare environment of taxi drivers. In the first stage, the drivers’ intrinsic characteristics were derived to classify four types of taxi drivers: unspecified normal, work-life balanced, overstressed, and work-oriented. Next, priority was determined for classifying high-risk taxi drivers based on factors derived from the first analysis. Results: The derived policies can be categorized into three groups: ‘the development of new policies,’ ‘the improvement of existing policies,’ and ‘the elimination of negative factors.’ Establishing a driving capability evaluation system for elderly drivers, developing mental health management programs for taxi drivers, and inspecting the taxi's internal conditions were proposed as new policies. Improving the driver's wage system, supporting the improvement of rest facilities, and supporting the installation of security devices for protecting taxi drivers are methods for improving existing policies to reinforce the traffic safety of taxi drivers. Last, restricting overtime work for taxi drivers was proposed as a policy to eliminate negative factors for improving taxi traffic safety. Practical Applications: It is expected that by devising effective policies using the policy implications suggested in this study, taxi traffic accidents can be prevented and the quality of life of taxi drivers can be improved.     

营运驾驶员驾驶事故影响因素仿真研究

解决营运驾驶员驾驶事故频发的不安全行为问题,基于复杂适应系统（CAS）理论和多主体建模与仿真（ABMS）方法,构建营运驾驶员驾驶事故模型。通过调节车辆状况、管理者管理监督水平、营运驾驶员情绪状态、安全教育水平、驾驶经验和环境综合条件等因素,运用NetLogo仿真平台分析安全管理水平、营运驾驶员安全责任意识、心理负荷水平对驾驶事故的影响。研究表明:营运驾驶员驾驶事故的发生系统是一种典型的CAS,营运驾驶员驾驶事故是三大主体属性和行为环境交互的结果,且交互作用程度不同。因此,运输企业要考虑多种因素,采取相应的措施来降低营运驾驶员驾驶事故的发生。     

驾驶员心理特征与驾驶安全的关系研究

随着人-车-环境系统复杂性的增加和交通事故数量的上升,新型交通工具对驾驶员的要求随之提高。从人的心理与控制的关系及汽车驾驶员的心理特征出发,具体分析心理各特征因素对驾驶员的影响,在此基础上建立汽车驾驶员安全评价模型,最后提出了在考虑心理因素的前提下提高道路行车安全的具体措施。     

Introducing a multi-variate classification method: Risky driving acceptance among different heterogeneous driver sub-cultures

Introduction: Heterogeneous driving populations with many different origins are likely to have various sub-cultures that comprise of drivers with shared driver characteristics, most likely with dissimilar traffic safety cultures. An innovative methodology in traffic safety research is introduced which is beneficial for large datasets with multiple variables, making it useful for the multi-variate classification of drivers, driving attitudes and/or (risky) driving behaviours. Method: With the application of multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS), this study explores traffic safety culture in the State of Qatar using a questionnaire and investigates the similarity patterns between the questionnaire items, aiming to classify attitudes towards risky driving behaviours into themes. MDS is subsequently applied to classify drivers within a heterogeneous driving sample into sub-cultures with shared driver characteristics and different risky driving attitudes. Results: Results show that acceptance of speeding is highest among the young Arabic students and acceptance of distraction and drivers’ negligence such as phone use and not wearing a seatbelt is highest among male Arab drivers. Acceptance of extreme risk-taking like intoxicated driving and red-light running is highest among South-Asian business drivers. Conclusion: It is important and practical to understand risky behavioural habits among sub-cultures and thereby focussing on groups of drivers instead of individuals, because groups are easier to approach and drivers within sub-cultures are found to influence each other. By indicating which groups of drivers are most likely to perform specific risky driving themes, it is possible to target these groups and effectively emphasise certain subsets of risky driving behaviours during training or traffic safety education. Practical Applications: This study provides guidance for the improvement of driver education and targeted traffic safety awareness campaigns, intending to make changes to attitudes and habits within specific driver sub-cultures with the aim to improve traffic safety on the longer term.     

Traffic rules and traffic safety

In the present paper the effects of traffic rules on driver behaviour and on traffic safety are discussed. The discussion is mainly based on research conerning driver’s use of safety equipment, their speed adjustment and drunken driving with respect to safety potential, effects of the rules, and effects of enforcement on driver behaviour. Factors influencing drivers’ decisions to comply with rules are also considered. It is concluded that only rules that are possible to enforce should be implemented and that police surveillance should be visible to the drivers. Also, the traffic system should be seen as a social system where drivers are interacting with other drivers and road users. Rules and regulations are important to help the actors of the system to function in a safe and effective way.     

关于区域环境保护政策的思考

本从通过分析我国环境保护政策存在的缺口和目前对这种理念的研究进展，并根据环境问题本身的特性以及环境问题产生的背景差异提出重新确立环境保护政策的调控范围的观点，并提出了这种观点对于对我国环境保护政策以及环境保护工作的重要意义。     

Investigating the self-reported behavior of drivers and their attitudes to traffic violations

IntroductionDriving behavior theoretical models consider attitudes as an important determinant of driver behavior. Moreover, the association between the self-reported tendency to commit violations and accident involvement is widely recognized. This research investigates drivers’ self-reported behavior and attitudes to risky behaviors related to the traffic violations of speeding, drink-driving, and cell phone use using cluster analysis.MethodA sample of 601 Greek drivers participating at the SARTRE 4 pan-European survey is utilized. The analysis identified three clusters of drivers. Drivers in Cluster 1 commit traffic violations more often; drivers in Cluster 2 favor traffic violation countermeasures while having moderate views toward compliance with traffic rules; and drivers in Cluster 3 strongly support traffic violation countermeasures and also have strong views toward compliance with traffic rules. Risky behaviors and related attitudes that differentiate the three distinct groups of drivers (clusters) were determined.ResultsThe findings indicate that differences in attitudes and behaviors may be attributed to factors such as age, gender, and area of residence. The research findings also provided some insight about the current level of drivers’ attitudes to traffic violations, especially those that negatively affect traffic safety. The pattern of their views on violations may form the basis of risk behavior-related interventions tailored to the identified groups, aiming at informing, educating, and raising the awareness of the public.Impact on IndustryAgencies focused on safety interventions could exploit this information in designing and implementing education campaigns, enforcement programs and in defining relevant priorities.     

基于认知心理学的驾驶员信息加工模式研究

道路交通系统是一个有人参与的复杂系统,人,特别是驾驶员的行为决定了相当一部分系统的性能。而驾驶行为是一个不断往复进行的信息处理过程,对驾驶员的信息加工模式进行研究是道路交通安全与汽车安全设计的核心基础。随着认知工效研究的深入和人工智能的发展,传统的基于刺激(S)-机体(O)-反应(R)的驾驶员信息加工模式,难以满足技术发展的要求。笔者在对交通系统建模与分析的基础上,应用现代认知心理学理论,对驾驶员的信息获取和处理机制进行了研究,建立了驾驶员对某一确定认知对象的信息处理结构模型,并对模型的作用和特点进行了简单的分析。分析结果为驾驶员认知过程研究和相关系统开发设计提供了依据。     

Risky behavior of drivers of motorized two wheeled vehicles in India

INTRODUCTION: Motorized two-wheeled vehicles (MTV) account for a large proportion of road traffic in India and the riders of these vehicles have a high risk of road traffic injuries. We report on the availability of drivers licenses, use of a helmet, driver behavior, and condition of vehicles for MTV drivers in Hyderabad, a city in India METHODS: Drivers of a MTV aged >16 years were interviewed at petrol filling stations RESULTS: There were 4,183 MTV drivers who participated in the study. Four hundred sixty one (11%; 95% CI 9.7-12.3%) drivers had not obtained a drivers license and 798 (21.4%) had obtained a license without taking the mandatory driving test. Two thousand nine hundred twenty (69.8%; 95% CI 67.9-71.7%) drivers reported no/very occasional use of a helmet, the significant predictors of which included that those driving borrowed a MTV (odds ratio 7.90; 95% CI 3.40-18.40) or driving moped/scooterette/scooter as compared with motorcycle (3.32; 2.76-3.98), lower education (3.10; 2.66-3.61), age >45 years (2.41; 1.63-3.57), and males (1.57; 1.16-2.13). Two thousand five hundred and eight (59.9%) drivers reported committing a traffic law violation at least once within the last 3 months. Overall, 1,222 (29.2%) drivers reported ever being caught by traffic police for a traffic law violation with data on violations available for 1,205 of these drivers, of whom 680 (56.4%) paid a fine, 310 (25.7%) paid by bribe, and 215 (17.8%) made no payment. The proportion of those who did not make payment for committed violation was significantly higher among females (46.8%) than males (16.3%). Two thousand fifty two (49%) of all MTVs had no rearview mirror CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest the need to enact and enforce policy interventions for improving the drivers license system, mandatory use of a helmet, effective traffic law enforcement, and ensuring good vehicle condition to reduce the risk factors that potentially contribute to mortality and morbidity in road traffic crashes in MTV drivers in Indian cities.