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排污权影子价格模型的分析及启示 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过建立排污权交易市场,引入市场机制力促进企业污染减排,以形成治污的长效机制,是推进节能减排制度创新的重要举措。作为一种以市场为基础的环境经济政策,排污权交易体系具有污染治理的成本效率特征,允许企业在以最低成本减少污染的同时拥有一定灵活性。在中国当前的排污权交易试点工作中,排污权初始分配方式成为了各方争论的一个焦点。利用排污权影子价格模型,深入剖析了排污权影子价格的形成机制和相关命题,并论述了排污权影子价格的政策含义及其对中国开展排污权交易的启示。 相似文献
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通过严格的审计对环境污染企业的节能减排具有促进作用,为了定量评价审计对环境污染企业节能减排的促进性贡献程度,提出一种基于污染预警指标权重加权评估的审计对环境污染企业节能减排促进性评价模型。构建环境污染企业节能减排的评价性指标体系,分析审计对环境污染企业节能减排的重要性指数,采用三层预警监测体系进行审计监察,确定节能减排的审计评价矩阵,结合模糊综合性评价方法促进审计的环境污染企业节能减排。 相似文献
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本文介绍了目前我国水泥行业NOx的排放现状、污染控制政策要求、控制技术及其应用情况。通过调研分析国内几家已采用脱硝技术的水泥企业案例,总结出影响水泥企业NOx控制经济成本的主要因素,并测算出"十二五"水泥行业减排成本。最后提出了促进水泥行业NOx减排工作的政策建议。 相似文献
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石家庄市环保局全面开展环境综合整治,大气和水环境质量均达到近年来最好水平。一是加快污染减排措施的落实。督促各县(市)区落实减排项目,严格执行“一月一报告,一季度一调度,半年一通报,一年一考核”的督查制度,确保全年二氧化硫、COD减排任务的完成。加强对省“双三十”重点县(市)、重点企业和我市15家重点企业污染减排工作的督导检查。 相似文献
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依托2006年“十一五”约束性污染控制政策的实施,基于中国工业企业数据与企业污染排放数据的匹配数据库,探究总量控制与约束性的环境规制政策实施对企业减排的影响效果及其作用机制。研究发现:约束性污染控制政策实施后,受规制强度较高的企业SO2和COD的污染排放量分别下降了12.8%、12.1%,该效应经过一系列稳健性检验依然显著;机制分析发现,约束性污染控制实施后,SO2组样本的洁净能源消费量上升0.12%、技术效率提升53.56%,COD组样本洁净能源消费量上升0.14%、技术效率提升56.60%,企业通过能源消费结构的转变和技术效率的提升实现减排。异质性分析发现,国有企业和非国有企业、大规模企业和小规模企业、重污染行业企业和非重污染行业企业以及东西部地区企业在减排效果上均存在显著差异。企业到地理边界的距离与企业污染排放量存在着局部负相关关系。 相似文献
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减排行政审计是适应当前环境形势和污染减排任务而形成的一种新型环境管理手段,它把审计理论与污染减排监督管理有机结合起来,运用审计方法评估污染减排成效,建立自上而下的监督管理机制,是对我国审计制度和环境政策的重要创新. 相似文献
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《Environmental Science & Policy》2008,11(2):97-101
The need to understand and mitigate diffuse water pollution from agriculture (DWPA) using a range of monitoring or modelling techniques and abatement methods has never been greater. In response to the widely reported detrimental environmental impacts of such pollution and the desire to safeguard water resources, a number of important legislative drivers have been introduced, including the Water Framework Directive (WFD) for EU member states. Efforts to commission research and introduce policy options that address the key requirements of over-arching legislation, increasingly point to a number of common and important issues for policy makers. Whereas our understanding of, and ability to predict, pollutant loadings is reasonably well developed, coupling such pressures to ecological impacts remains a difficult task due to the limited functionality of available toolkits. It is important for mitigation programmes to consider multiple pollutants especially given the risks of pollution swapping and to support the uptake of abatement options that are economically and socially acceptable to the stakeholders involved. Appropriate spatial targeting of mitigation methods will continue to come under scrutiny, especially in the context of additional environmental pressures like climate change. Given its key role in governing the transfer and fate of priority nutrients and contaminants and its well-documented negative habitat impacts, sediment must be given a higher profile in diffuse pollution policy. The latter does, however, require further investigation of background sediment loads necessary for healthy habitats and associated sediment standards or thresholds, in order that catchment compliance can be more reliably assessed. Delayed water quality response to the mitigation of DWPA must be assessed and understood, as a means of informing stakeholders and policy options. A further challenge is posed by the need to place DWPA in the context of pollution from alternative sectors so that a more holistic approach to understanding and managing pressures and impacts and engaging stakeholders can be encouraged. 相似文献
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Johannes Urpelainen 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2013,18(6):785-800
Clean technology has figured prominently in recent debates on international climate policy. This article offers a game-theoretic investigation of the possibility and effectiveness of strategic technology development: environmental leaders setting policies that reduce the global cost of clean technology. The game-theoretic model combines technology development and adoption with pollution abatement, and it allows technology costs to differ across countries. The key theoretical findings are as follows. First, free riding is an obstacle to technology development in two ways: countries fail to fully internalize the beneficial effect of technology development on (i) global pollution abatement and (ii) the reduced cost of technology adoption in outsider countries. Second, strategic technology development can be effective when (i) a key group of frontrunner countries prefers to invest in research and development and (ii) many other countries are willing to adopt the new technology. The findings suggest that strategic technology deployment by a group of frontrunners can enable more effective climate cooperation in the future. 相似文献
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目前,排污权有偿使用和交易作为各地环保工作体制、机制创新的热点,是利用经济手段促进环境保护的有益尝试。本文从指标来源、指标使用期限、与污染减排的关系、技术支撑以及指标交易后续监管五个方面分析了排污权交易指标关联要素,得出交易指标与国家政策、污染减排以及环境监管密切相关的结论,从完善国家政策、强化与污染减排衔接和突出指标后续监管三个方面提出了相应的对策建议。 相似文献
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当前,中国挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的污染控制工作已进入深水区,VOCs污染控制措施费用效能的高低将决定其减排工作的环保意义,筛选出费用效能高的措施也是VOCs减排工作能够持续稳定进行的必要基础.本文从排放浓度、排放风量及连续还是间歇排放等污染源排放特征角度确定出12种典型的VOCs排放情景,针对这些典型情景估算了目前主流减排方案的运行费用,并以减排单位质量VOCs的运行费用(unit abatement cost,UAC,元·kg~(-1),以VOCs计)为费用效能指标进行了技术经济比较,以期为依据VOCs排放特征选择适宜的减排方案提供参考.分析结果表明,对于低浓度VOCs排气,其减排UAC总体达8元·kg~(-1)以上,浓缩工序可有效减少UAC,通过合理地气体收集方式减少排放风量并提高排气浓度对后续处理的费用效能影响巨大.强化VOCs排放过程的按质分类收集以提高得到VOCs液体的资源化属性,也是今后提高VOCs控制费用效能的有效途径之一. 相似文献
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Ram Ranjan 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2008,13(4):401-418
This paper explores the role of risk perceptions in influencing public policy related to global warming. It solves for the
optimal paths for emissions, abatement and investment in pollution-eliminating research by incorporating perceived risks into
public decision making. It also compares the impact of differential risk perceptions on international collaboration on carbon
abatement. Key findings are that the perception of risks related to environmental damages and technological breakthroughs
plays an important role in determining the level of mitigation efforts. A high level of perceived risk of environmental damages
discourages investment in pollution-eliminating research as there are few benefits from eliminating pollution after damages
are realized. Other options that allow for sequestering carbon from the atmosphere may still remain viable. Another key finding
is that when it comes to effort sharing between nations, differential mitigation efforts are primarily caused due to the differences
in abatement technology, benefits from emissions and research capabilities. However, such differences could be accentuated
or mitigated depending upon the differences in risk perception of developed and developing countries. 相似文献
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污染物联合削减费用函数的建立及实证分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以计量经济模型为手段,利用全国上千家重点污染源数据,从微观角度对工业企业的污染行为进行了经济分析,建立了企业污染物联合削减费用函数,并对水和大气污染物削减费用函数进行了回归.以2004年为例,说明了主要污染行业在不同的有效收费强度下的污染物排放强度,并在此基础上分别提出了不同行业不同污染物削减的边际费用,对排污收费政策进行了初步经济评估.结果表明:利用污染物联合削减费用函数对目前我国工业企业的污染物削减费用、边际削减费用和污染物排放浓度与有效收费强度之间进行定量分析是可行的;不同行业企业的水和大气污染物边际削减费用不同;为增强工业企业污染物削减的合理性和有效性,应针对不同行业制定污染物排放标准和收费标准;排放标准与削减费用的关系表明,企业要达到既定的污染物排放标准,其污染治理投入应达到一个合理的水平. 相似文献
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针对排污权交易市场的交易机制设计问题,描述了多个排污权出售方和购买方治污量和产量的最优决策问题,基于单边拍卖的缺点,设计出了一个激励相容的双边拍卖机制.结果表明,此机制在描述排污权交易市场竞价规则的基础上,设计出了符合排污权市场特点的出清和交易规则,不仅能保证排污权交易市场实时出清,使理性的企业披露自己真实的治污成本,而且能够使污染物平均处理成本低的企业承担更多的处理量,达到了社会治污成本最小化.最后通过算例验证了该机制的有效性和实用性. 相似文献