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高铁铝矾土制备聚合氯化铝铁及其在污水处理中的应用研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
利用含铁的低品位铝矾土为主要原料,添加适量铝酸钙粉,制备出絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁.制备方法为酸溶两步法.对影响聚合铝铁制备的因素,如盐酸浓度、盐酸用量、温度和铝酸钙粉用量等进行了系统研究,得到了制备聚合铝铁的优化条件,同时将该絮凝剂用于实际工业污水的处理.研究结果表明:制备的絮凝剂絮凝效果明显优于一些传统的絮凝剂;不仅具有去浊性能好、沉降快的优点,而且具有原料易得,制备成本低的优势. 相似文献
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硫铁矿煤渣湿法制备铁系产品的原理和途径分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文叙述了硫铁矿烧渣的化学成分和物相,以及酸浸还原烧渣提取铁的基本原理。论述了硫铁硫烧渣湿法制备铁盐,铁氧化物颜料,铁基磁粉以及铁粉等铁系产品的原理,并对铁系产品的途径进行了分析。 相似文献
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研究了以铁泥、硅酸钠为原料,制备高效絮凝剂聚硅酸铁(PSF)的方法,确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件.并对絮凝剂PSF处理工业废水的絮凝性能进行了研究,探讨了PSF处理工业废水的反应机理.结果表明,PSF具有良好的絮凝性能,是一种比聚合硫酸铁(PFS)性能更优良的絮凝剂. 相似文献
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聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂的制备及其在焦化废水深度处理中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以铝酸钙粉和硫酸亚铁为主要原料,通过酸溶、氧化、聚合和熟化过程制备了无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁,采用正交试验优选出制备聚合氯化铝铁的最佳条件,联合使用聚合氯化铝铁与氧化剂深度处理焦化废水.结果表明,聚合氯化铝铁的最佳制备条件为:硫酸亚铁投加量10 g(以每100 g铝酸钙粉计,下同)、盐酸投加量400 mL、反应温度80℃、反应时间2.5 h;在此条件下制得的絮凝剂氧化铝质量分数为30.5%,全铁质量分数为1.2%.当聚合氯化铝铁投加量为200 mg/L、氧化剂投加量为10 mg/L时,焦化废水中COD去除率可达70%,色度去除率可达63%,出水水质达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)中的一级排放标准. 相似文献
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用铁泥制备高效无机絮凝剂聚硅酸铁及其絮凝性能研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
马淞江 《环境污染治理技术与设备》2006,7(9):130-133
研究了以铁泥、硅酸钠为原料,制备高效絮凝剂聚硅酸铁(PSF)的方法,确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件。并对絮凝剂PSF处理工业废水的絮凝性能进行了研究,探讨了PSF处理工业废水的反应机理。结果表明,PSF具有良好的絮凝性能,是一种比聚合硫酸铁(PFS)性能更优良的絮凝剂。 相似文献
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Małgorzata Śmist Maria Krawczyk 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(6):393-401
A series of 2-alkyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-ones (4a-l) was easily synthesized by two-step process involving O-alkylation of 2-nitrophenols with methyl 2-bromoalkanoates and next “green” catalytic reductive cyclization of the obtained 2-nitro ester intermediates (3a-l). Further, 6,7-dibromo (5a-c) and N-acetyl (6) derivatives were prepared by bromination and acetylation of unsubstituted 2-alkyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-ones (4a-c). The novel compounds (3a-l, 4d-l, 5a-c and 6) were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods (MS, 1H and 13C NMR). 2-Alkyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-ones (4a-l, 5a-c and 6) were screened for antifungal activity. Preliminary assays were performed using two methods: in vitro against seven phytopathogenic fungi—Botrytis cinerea, Phythophtora cactorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phoma betae, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata—and in vivo against barley powdery mildew Blumeria graminis. The tested compounds displayed moderate to good antifungal activity at high concentration (200 mg L?1). The most potent compounds were 2-ethyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (4a), 2-ethyl-7-fluoro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (4g) and 4-acetyl-2-ethyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (6), which completely inhibited the mycelial growth of seven agricultural fungi at the concentration of 200 mg L?1 in the in vitro tests. Moreover, 2-ethyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (4a) and 4-acetyl-2-ethyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (6) were also screened for antifungal activity at concentrations of 100 mg L?1 and 20 mg L?1. In the concentration of 100 mg L?1, the N-acetyl derivative (6) completely inhibited the growth of three strains of fungi (F. culmorum, P. cactorum and R. solani), while 2-ethyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (4a) completely inhibited only R. solani strain. At the concentration of 20 mg L?1, compound 6 showed good activity only against P. cactorum strain (72%). 相似文献
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好氧颗粒污泥处理高浓度氨氮废水的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在不同接种源污泥颗粒化过程中污泥理化性状对比研究的基础上,采用成熟好氧颗粒污泥处理高浓度氨氮废水,对其脱氮行为以及不同C/N条件下好氧颗粒污泥微生物的比耗氧速率、好氧颗粒污泥对氨氮的比降解速率随时间的变化等进行了研究.实验结果表明,在进水氨氮质量浓度较高(480 mg/L)、温度30℃左右的条件下,稳定运行15 d,氨氮的去除率维持在85%左右;进水氨氮的浓度越高,随着微生物对环境的逐渐适应,硝化菌的活性也逐步增加;随着进水氨氮浓度的提高,好氧颗粒污泥对氨氮的比降解速率也逐渐上升. 相似文献
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Minh TB Watanabe M Tanabe S Miyazaki N Jefferson TA Prudente MS Subramanian A Karuppiah S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2000,110(3):735-468
For understanding global distribution, transport and behavior of tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane (TCPMe) and tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH), the two newly identified microcontaminants, the present study determined their concentrations and other persistent organochlorines (OCs) in the blubber of nine species of adult male cetaceans collected from various locations in the North Pacific Ocean and coastal waters of some Asian countries, during 1985-97. Concentrations of TCPMe and TCPMOH were found to be highest in northern right whale dolphins, which may be attributable to wide distribution of this species, including some heavily polluted areas such as coastal California. Elevated residue levels of TCPMe and TCPMOH were observed in both off-shore and coastal species, suggesting widespread contamination of these compounds in the marine environment. Higher contamination of TCPMe and TCPMOH was found in cetaceans from temperate and cold waters than those from tropical regions. The latitudinal distribution of TCPMe and TCPMOH in cetaceans from the North Pacific and Asian coastal waters was similar to that of DDTs, suggesting less transportable nature of TCPMe and TCPMOH in the marine environment. Data on the occurrence of TCPMe and TCPMOH further indicated high bioaccumulation potential of these compounds, which was comparable to DDTs. Relative concentrations of TCPMe/TCPMOH in cetaceans were apparently higher than those observed in seals, suggestive of lower metabolic capacity for these compounds in cetaceans than in pinnipeds, which is similar to classic contaminants like polychlorinated biphenyls and DDTs. 相似文献
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Cigarette smoke is a risk factor for human health, and many studies were conducted to investigate its adverse effects on humans and other mammals. However, since large amounts of cigarette products are produced and consumed, it is possible that tobacco chemicals can end up in aquatic environments through several routes, thus influencing aquatic organisms. In this study, the presence of tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), in aquatic environment was demonstrated. Since toxic effects on and distribution patterns of tobacco chemicals in aquatic organisms were rarely studied, after results of an acute toxicity pretest were obtained, experiment was conducted to investigate the bioaccumulation pattern of NNK and distribution patterns of its metabolites, mainly 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), in NNK-treated freshwater planarians, Dugesia japonica. Results from in vivo and in vitro studies showed that NNK was readily converted to NNAL through the carbonyl reduction in bodies of NNK-treated planarians. Tissue concentrations of both chemicals increased in time- and dose-dependent manners. Furthermore, we examined the end products of NNK/NNAL α-hydroxylation in NNK-treated planarians, but only 1-(3-pyridyl)-1,4-butanediol was detected, suggesting that NNK metabolism in planarians partially differs from that in mammalian systems. This is the first report on NNK metabolism in an aquatic organism and can be used as a foundation for developing freshwater planarians as a new in vivo model for the study of NNK toxicology in the future. 相似文献
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提出了以Ca(OH)2为pH调节剂、磷酸氢镁(MHP)为吸附剂的氨氮废水处理新方法(MHP吸附法)。MHP吸附法的特点是吸附产物磷酸铵镁(MAP)可通过简单的热分解再生MHP,同时回收高浓度氨水。考察了MAP热分解制备MHP的工艺条件;对氯化铵、硫酸铵及碳酸铵3种模拟氨氮废水体系,分别考察了pH值、温度、氨氮初始浓度对MHP吸附容量的影响;考察了MHP的循环使用性能。研究结果表明,MHP对氨氮具有良好的吸附性能,NH4^+最高达到了约90mg/g。MHP在循环使用中,对低浓度氨氮废水其吸附容量呈下降趋势,但对高浓度氨氮废水具有良好的循环使用性能。 相似文献
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以改进的化学沉淀法处理硫酸铵废水 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对MAP化学沉淀法处理氨氮废水中存在的问题。如处理成本高、处理后的废水中磷浓度高,对化学沉淀法进行了改进研究,考察Mg^2+以外的二价金属离子(Ni^2+,Mn^2+,Zn^2+,Cu^2+,Fe^2+)在磷酸根作用下对氨氮的去除效果。针对废水中磷浓度高的问题,进行了MAP沉淀法的条件优化实验。结果表明。通过体系pH值和沉淀剂投加比例的合理控制,可以使在高浓度氨氮废水在出水氨氮浓度达标的同时,实现废水中的氮磷浓度同时控制;针对NaOH作pH调节剂成本过高,而以Ca(OH)2作pH调节剂时,钙离子严重影响MAP沉淀效果。对硫酸铵废水体系提出了CaSO4沉淀——MAP沉淀新工艺。结果表明,这一改进完全可以消除钙离子的影响。实现以石灰取代传统的NaOH调节剂。 相似文献
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Christian Brandt Rudi Van Eldik 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1997,31(24):4247-4249
The iron(III)-catalyzed autoxidation of sulfur(IV)-oxides results in the formation of two different oxidation products of sulfur(IV): dithionate, S2O62−, and sulfate, SO42−. The yield of these reaction products depends on the experimental conditions. Under the studied conditions ([Fe(III)] : [SIV)] = 1:10, pH = 2–4) dithionate is the minor reaction product. The formation of dithionate is influenced by the initial pH but not by the initial O2 concentration. The presence of CO2+, Mn2+, and Ni2+ have no influence on the yield of dithionate, whereas in the presence of Cr3+ less and, in the presence of Cu2+, no dithionate is formed. 相似文献