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1.
Jayanath Ananda George Domazetis John Hill 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(5):1051-1071
A ‘roadmap’ has been devised for a progressive greening of the Australian chemical industry over the next two decades. The
roadmap is based on a set of interactive principles broadly termed ‘economic’, ‘social’, ‘technological’, ‘environmental’
and ‘political’, which collectively form the ‘drivers of change’ in chemical industry strategy/business/policy planning—leading
to greater efficiency and economic sustainability of this industry. The proposed roadmap pre-supposes that real economic,
societal and environmental benefits can be obtained through greater use of existing and emerging green chemical technology.
It can play an important role in developing a sustainable chemical industry in Australia. Primarily, the proposed roadmap
involves a paradigm shift of the business operating plan and a significant mindset change of management. 相似文献
2.
While there are many studies of the impacts of climate change and variability on food production, few studies are devoted
to a comprehensive assessment of impacts on food systems. Results of a survey of food systems and household adaptation strategies
in three communities in the Afram Plains, Ghana, reveal how extreme climatic events affect rural food production, transportation,
processing and storage. Adaptation strategies implemented by the three communities during past droughts serve as a foundation
for planning responses to future climate change. Results of this study suggest that food security in this region—where droughts
and floods are expected to become more severe due to climate change—could be enhanced by increasing farm-based storage facilities;
improving the transportation system, especially feeder roads that link food production areas and major markets; providing
farmers with early warning systems; extending credit to farmers; and the use of supplementary irrigation. This study also
indicates that some cultural practices, particularly those that prohibit the consumption of certain foods, may reduce the
resilience of some individuals and ethnic groups to food system disruptions. Understanding the local context and the responses
of households is critical to the development of effective strategies for reducing the potential adverse impacts of climatic
change on food security in rural Ghana. 相似文献
3.
The need for environmental and urban planning reached a critical point in the year 2007, when one-half of the world's population
could be defined as living in cities. Urbanisation in India is also increasing at a fast rate. Urban chaos in India, emanating
from the continuous ignorance of fragile ecosystems, calls for the reshaping of existing cities as ‘eco-cities’. The ‘eco-city’—a
well-known concept in the western world—is new to the Indian context. While western connotations of eco-cities should not
be discarded outright in the context of India, core concerns vary significantly for obvious reasons. Recognising two facts—firstly,
eco-city development is altogether a fresh approach to human settlement development in India, and, secondly, the manifold
increase in the vulnerability of cities—this paper discusses documented good practice, reinforcing evolution towards the eco-city
vision. Lessons drawn from the examples cited are further deconstructed in the light of their contribution to urban risk reduction,
which provides direction to appreciating the ‘disaster-resilient eco-community’ concept in Puri, a coastal city in India.
Further, this paper attempts to unravel existing community-based practices in Puri, which are boon to the local environment
and invariably reduce disaster risk. These seemingly modest neighbourhood initiatives symbolise immense societal wealth, which
can be calibrated appropriately for reducing urban environmental risk as well. This paper also illustrates how a ‘disaster
resilient eco-community’ approach is inevitable in the present and future contexts not only to preserve sustainable development
gains but also to secure human well-being. 相似文献
4.
Although stewardship has been widely defined and used in environmental management and planning, there is a dearth of studies
that describe how the lay public perceives this concept. A national sample of residents in 14 states who live near DOE nuclear
facilities were interviewed to delineate public understanding and awareness of the stewardship program of the U.S. Department
of Energy (DOE). This study discusses the findings of the survey and discusses how institutional trust influences public participation
and resident’s choices of potential stewards. Almost 40% of the respondents could not define stewardship; those who did, believed
that ‘responsibility,’ ‘management,’ and ‘accountability’ are key elements of stewardship. In addition, about a third of the
respondents identified Federal groups and the DOE as potential stewards.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue 相似文献
5.
Religion in its most ideal form is seen as a powerful force to create ecological transformations to succeeding generations
that share similar religious beliefs. This provides an interesting argument for enhancing their role in sustainability transitions.
Malaysia is a relevant geographical context in this regard since almost all of its citizens formally embrace some kind of
religious belief. However, such ideas are discussed mostly at the theoretical level with little systematic empirical investigation.
This paper aims to fill this gap by presenting theoretically informed empirical insights on how a number of religious communities
are currently creating successful experiments in recycling within the context of an urban community in Malaysia. The paper
argues that such evidence may demonstrate the ‘potential’ role of religious communities to provide localised resources for
recycling experiments that can be advantageous for the transition towards a more sustainable municipal solid waste management
in Malaysia. The empirical basis of this paper is based on an exploratory multiple case study of successful recycling programmes
conducted by selected religious communities from four key religions in Malaysia—Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism and Islam.
The theoretical framework for this research is based on the sustainability transitions literature, particularly the ‘transition
experiment’ framework. 相似文献
6.
The science of sustainability has inevitably emerged as a vibrant field of research and education that transcends disciplinary
boundaries and focuses increasingly on understanding the dynamics of social-ecological systems (SES). Yet, sustainability
remains an elusive concept, and its nature seems unclear for the most part. In order to truly mobilize people and nations
towards sustainability, we place emphasis on the necessity of understanding the nature, cost and principles of ‘visioneering’—the
engineering of a clear vision. In SES, purpose is the most important pillar, which gives birth to vision—the key to fulfilling
the systems’ mission. Such a systems perspective leads us to redefine resilience as jumping back to the original purpose,
for which SES do not necessarily retain the same structures and functioning after disturbances. A sustainable future will
require purpose-driven transformation of society at all scales, guided by the best foresight, with insight based on hindsight
that science can provide. Visioneering with resilience-based systems thinking will provide communities with a logical framework
for understanding their interconnections and purposes, envisioning a sustainable web of life, and eventually dancing with
the systems. 相似文献
7.
Frank Eierdanz Joseph Alcamo Lilibeth Acosta-Michlik Dörthe Krömker Dennis Tänzler 《Regional Environmental Change》2008,8(4):197-205
This paper presents the technical aspects of a new methodology for assessing the susceptibility of society to drought. The
methodology consists of a combination of inference modelling and fuzzy logic applications. Four steps are followed: (1) model
input variables are selected—these variables reflect the main factors influencing susceptibility in a social group, population
or region, (2) fuzzification—the uncertainties of the input variables are made explicit by representing them as ‘fuzzy membership
functions’, (3) inference modelling—the input variables are used to construct a model made up of linguistic rules, and (4)
defuzzification—results from the model in linguistic form are translated into numerical form, also through the use of fuzzy
membership functions. The disadvantages and advantages of this methodology became apparent when it was applied to the assessment
of susceptibility from three disciplinary perspectives: Disadvantages include the difficulty in validating results and the
subjectivity involved with specifying fuzzy membership functions and the rules of the inference model. Advantages of the methodology
are its transparency, because all model assumptions have to be made explicit in the form of inference rules; its flexibility,
in that informal and expert knowledge can be incorporated through ‘fuzzy membership functions’ and through the rules in the
inference model; and its versatility, since numerical data can be converted to linguistic statements and vice versa through
the procedures of ‘fuzzification’ and ‘defuzzification’. 相似文献
8.
Aiding multi-level decision-making processes for climate change mitigation and adaptation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Katherine A. Daniell María A. Máñez Costa Nils Ferrand Ashley B. Kingsborough Peter Coad Irina S. Ribarova 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(2):243-258
Progress towards climate change aware regional sustainable development is affected by actions at multiple spatial scales and
governance levels and equally impacts actions at these scales. Many authors and policy practitioners consider therefore that
decisions over policy, mitigation strategies and capacity for adaptation to climate change require construction and coordination
over multiple levels of governance to arrive at acceptable local, regional and global management strategies. However, how
such processes of coordination and decision-aiding can occur and be maintained and improved over time is a major challenge
in need of investigation. We take on this challenge by proposing research-supported methods of aiding multi-level decision-making
processes in this context. Four example regionally focussed multi-level case studies from diverse socio-political contexts
are outlined—estuarine management in Australia’s Lower Hawkesbury, flood and drought management in Bulgaria’s Upper Iskar
Basin, climate policy integration in Spain’s Comunidad Valenciana and food security in Bangladesh’s Faridpur District—from
which insights are drawn. Our discussion focuses on exploring these insights including: (1) the possible advantages of informal
research-supported processes and specifically those that provide individual arenas of participation for different levels of
stakeholders; (2) the complexity of organisation processes required for aiding multi-level decision-making processes; and
(3) to what extent progress towards integrated regional policies for climate change aware sustainable development can be achieved
through research-supported processes. We finish with a speculative section that provides ideas and directions for future research. 相似文献
9.
J. A. Dearing R. W. Battarbee R. Dikau I. Larocque F. Oldfield 《Regional Environmental Change》2006,6(1-2):1-16
The analysis of palaeoenvironmental archives—sediments, archaeological remains, tree-rings, documents and instrumental records—is
presented as a key element in the global scientific endeavour aimed at understanding human–environment interactions at the
present day and in the future. The paper explains the need for the focus on palaeoenvironmental studies as a means of ‘learning
from the past’, and presents the rationale and structure of the IGBP-PAGES Focus 5 programme ‘Past Ecosystem Processes and
Human–Environment Interactions’. The past, as described through palaeoenvironmental studies, can yield information about pre-impact
states, trajectories of recent change, causation, complex system behaviour, and provide the basis for developing and testing
simulation models. Learning from the past in each of these epistemological categories is exemplified with published case-studies. 相似文献
10.
Fiji is expected to come under increasing pressure and risk from various threats resulting from climate change and sea-level
rise (SLR). Fiji consists of 332 islands and thus has a predominant and large coastline. Viti Levu is the largest and most
important of the islands, harboring Fiji’s capital city and most of the major towns concentrated around its coast. The objectives
of this study were to evaluate the extent of possible sea-level rise using GIS, and to identify high-risk locations. Potential
sea level rise was shown graphically as an output to determine where inundation or flooding would take place. This analysis
allowed important areas facing risk to be highlighted for future action. Flooding/inundation can be classified into two kinds:
‘permanent inundation’, which is the result of sea-level rise with tide; and ‘temporary flooding’, also including occasional
storm surge events. The inundated area was displayed under different projections and quantified. The results produced output
maps showing the distribution of inundation/flooding around the island of Viti Levu as well as the extent of flooding. Six
scenarios for sea-level rise were used (0.09, 0.18, 0.48, 0.50, 0.59, 0.88 m). Six scenarios for storm surge were used with
return intervals of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 years. High risk and priority locations are identified as Fiji’s capital Suva, the
major tourist center and arrival port of Nadi, and Fiji’s second city Lautoka. Future action, adaptation and response strategies
in these identified locations must occur to reduce risk from climate change. 相似文献
11.
国际上对气候因素引致人口迁移的直接关联性和重要程度一直存在争议.2010年我国西南地区遭受的特大千旱给探索极端气候事件和气候变化移民之间的复杂关系提供了研究背景.在此特大干旱影晌下,当地农村居民是否、以及怎样采用迁移的方式来应对?本文以2010年8-9月在受灾严重的云南省昆明市寻甸县所进行的田野调查为基础,揭示了特大干旱背景下当地农村人口的迁移行为及特征.调研结果表明在所调查的村组并未因此极端气候事件而引起大规模的气候变化移民活动,无论是暂时的还是永久的.为了解释灾后当地农村人口的迁移选择,本文引入“气候变化一人口迁移响应”的基本理论框架模型,考虑公共和私人两个层面的作用,对当地政府、村集体和农户自身的灾后适应行为进行深入分析和效果评价.结果表明在公共层面的各类帮扶和救助下,农户自身亦采取了多样化的适应措施,两个层面适应行为的共同作用缓解了特大干旱给农户生计带来的压力,使得农户家庭成员的迁移并不成为必须的选择. 相似文献
12.
A stakeholder dialogue on European vulnerability 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Anne C. de la Vega-Leinert Dagmar Schröter Rik Leemans Uta Fritsch Jacomijn Pluimers 《Regional Environmental Change》2008,8(3):109-124
A stakeholder dialogue was embedded in the ATEAM project to facilitate the development and dissemination of its European-wide
vulnerability assessment of global change impacts. Participating stakeholders were primarily ecosystem managers and policy
advisers interested in potential impacts on ‘Agriculture’, ‘Forestry’, ‘Water’, ‘Carbon storage’, ‘Biodiversity’ and ‘Mountain
environments’ sectors. First, stakeholder dialogue approaches to integrated assessment are introduced. Methodological considerations
on stakeholder selection and dialogue implementation and evaluation follow. The dialogue content and process are evaluated
from the perspectives of stakeholders and scientists. Its usefulness in the research process and the relevance of outcomes
for stakeholders are particularly considered. The challenging compromises required to perform innovative research, which seeks
to achieve both peer scientific credibility and societal relevance, are emphasized. Effective stakeholder dialogues play a
substantial role in raising the visibility and meaningfulness of vulnerability assessments as critical means to improve awareness
on global change and its potential worrying impacts on society. They further provide scientists with critical information
on ecosystem management and sectoral adaptive capacity. These processes of mutual learning and knowledge exchange moreover
foster a better understanding of the potential and limits of global change modelling and vulnerability assessment for policy
and ecosystem management.
相似文献
Anne C. de la Vega-LeinertEmail: |
13.
Ashley A. Webb 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2012,14(2):233-252
In the south-east of New South Wales, Australia, forested catchments are largely relied upon to provide high-quality surface
water at low cost to small regional communities. The forests in question are used for multiple purposes including timber production,
which can result in conflicts and debate regarding the sustainability of timber and water resources being co-developed. A
case study is examined where a logging operation will occur on 3.5% of the Myrtle Creek catchment that is used to supply water
to the small township of Wyndham. Modelling based on the water yield response of eucalypt forests to disturbance predicts
that during the first four years post-harvest, total streamflows will be increased under the ‘2010 logging’ scenario, with
a maximum increase of 2.6% within the first two years. Streamflows will then likely decrease compared to the ‘no logging’
scenario and will continue to do so until regrowth reaches 28 years of age with a maximum 1.4% decrease predicted. Streamflows
under both scenarios will continue to increase over time as water yield has been suppressed by forest regeneration following
extensive wildfires and logging that occurred from the 1960s to 1980s. It is concluded that timber harvesting, if limited
spatially and temporally, can occur without compromising catchment values and may contribute to improved forest heterogeneity
and resilience. However, in the face of a changing climate and an increased likelihood of catastrophic high intensity wildfires,
the future sustainability of undercapitalised small town water supplies reliant on a single water source is questionable. 相似文献
14.
As the societal benefits associated with transitioning to more sustainable, less fossil fuel-reliant energy systems are increasingly recognized by communities throughout the world, the potential of creating ‘green jobs’ within a ‘green economy’ is attracting much attention. Green energy clusters are increasingly promoted throughout the world as a strategy to simultaneously promote economic vitality and stimulate a sustainable energy transition. In spite of their emerging role in regional-scale sustainability planning efforts, such initiatives have not been considered within the sustainability transitions literature. This paper explores the development of one such regional sustainable energy cluster initiative in Central Massachusetts in Northeastern USA to consider the potential for such cluster initiatives to contribute to socio-technical transition in the energy system. Since 2008, a diverse set of stakeholders in Central Massachusetts, including politicians, universities, businesses, local citizens, and activists, have been working toward facilitating the emergence of an integrated cluster of activity focused on sustainable energy. Through interviews with key actors, participant observation, and document review, this research assesses the potential of this cluster initiative to contribute to a regional socio-technical transition. The empirical details of this case demonstrate that sustainable energy cluster initiatives can potentially accelerate change in entrenched energy regimes by promoting institutional thickness, generating regional ‘buzz’ around sustainable energy activities, and building trust between multiple and diverse stakeholders in the region. This research also contributes to emerging efforts to better ground socio-technical transitions in geographic space. 相似文献
15.
Vinish Kathuria 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(5):955-970
The failure of formal regulation and market-based approaches to control pollution has highlighted the significance of informal
regulation in the form of ‘public disclosure’ and ‘rating’ for achieving environmental goals in the nineties. In developing
countries where pollution information is often scarce, disclosure can make a firm’s emissions more costly. This is because
it increases penalties from regulators, local communities, consumer organizations and factor markets. Public or information
disclosure combines conventional environmental monitoring, self-regulation and public pressure using environmental ratings
to promote better environmental management. Thus, it forms an effective tool to control pollution in developing countries
like India, China or Kenya and countries-in-transition like Poland, Russia, etc. The different examples given in the paper
indicate that effective public disclosure requires a credible scheme with scrutiny at different checkpoints similar to the
one used for PROPER in Indonesia or GRP in India. 相似文献
16.
Silvana Kuhtz 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(1):79-85
Climate is one of the more complex physical systems in nature, its behaviour being fundamentally non-linear and chaotic. In
assessing the potential risks from climate change and the costs of averting it, researchers and policymakers encounter pervasive
uncertainty. Sceptics demand to get rid of the inherent uncertainties, and some experts, on the other end, keep sending out
messages of catastrophic scenarios hoping that this will increase people’s awareness of the danger we face. The recent admission
of a mistake in IPCC’s Climate change 2007 report (promptly broadcast by all the major media groups and newspapers from Jan. 20th 2010 onwards) made by the head of
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change—that Himalayan glaciers could melt away by 2035 (the IPCC claim of 2035 is wrong
by over 300 years.)—has already brought a damage to the IPCC’s reputation that is likely to be considerable. But in this paper,
perhaps risking being provocative and paradoxical, instead of looking for the right answers to what we think are inevitable uncertainties, we intend to search for new questions that may lead to a new way of
thinking and may bring about new lifestyles and behaviour for citizens and firms. 相似文献
17.
This article focuses on the problems of water governance at a river basin level, and on the role of institutional coordination,
participation and partnerships between multiple stakeholders towards sustainable water management. Its approach presupposes
that institutional capacity building, strengthening coordination between government institutions (vertical and horizontal),
on the one hand, and broadening participation and consolidating partnerships between public, private and civil society actors,
on the other hand, is among effective tools in integrated water resource management in river basins. It explores environmental
challenges, problems, emerging trends and recent institutional innovations in the Volga basin in Russia—the largest river
basin in Europe. Transfer and adaptation of good practices in good water governance between the EU and Russia are discussed.
This article presents some research findings and lessons learned from practice by the EC international project ‘CABRI—Cooperation
along a big river: Institutional coordination among stakeholders for environmental risk management in the Volga basin’, which
is assessed as one of the selected success stories of the European research.’ 相似文献
18.
Tanzi Smith 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(1):1-17
Throughout the development sector, there is increasing recognition of links between the environment and aspects of development
such as poverty alleviation, health, income generation, and agriculture. While furnished with a diverse range of perspectives
and approaches, development practice is in need of ways to better conceptualize the interactions between the social, environmental,
and economic dimensions of sustainability so that opportunities for simultaneous improvement in human and ecological well-being
can be identified more readily. Critical systems thinking is proposed as a way for development practitioners to conceptualize
and act toward the integration of these economic, social, and environmental dimensions and, in so doing, support communities
to nurture both human and ecosystem well-being. Four desirable attributes of a critical systems thinking approach to development
are identified based on development literature, critical systems literature, and the author’s research into sustainability
in semi-rural communities in Vietnam. The four attributes are ‘a systems thinking approach;’ ‘an ethical base to action and
choices;’ ‘critical reflection permeates processes;’ and ‘appreciation of diverse views and application of diverse approaches.’
These attributes are described and then offered as the basis for further discussion of the ways in which simultaneous improvement
of human well-being and ecosystem health can become an integral part of development practice. 相似文献
19.
M. S. Suneetha 《Sustainability Science》2010,5(1):79-87
Biodiversity is acknowledged as one of the most important resources that helps to sustain life’s processes. Additionally,
it is also one of the most important sources of livelihood for different kinds of stakeholders at various levels of resource
markets—local, domestic, or international. With globalization and increasing sophistication in the methods of commercial trade
in biological resources, various issues arise related to the sustenance of resources, of ecological balances, and equity in
transactions. All of these are concerns to be addressed to achieve a state of ‘sustainability.’ This paper prescribes to the
definition of ‘sustainability’ as the capacity to maintain a certain process or state for “improving the quality of human
life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting eco-systems” (IUCN/UNEP/WWF, in Caring for the Earth: a strategy
for sustainable living. Gland, Switzerland, 1991). This goes beyond ensuring inter- and intragenerational equity in access
to resources and includes several other parameters, including equity among stakeholders to returns from biological resources,
related knowledge, trade-offs, and ethical business practices related to these resources. Through the prism of an examination
of a simplistic supply route(s) and value addition chain of biodiversity resources for commercial use, this paper reviews
and highlights issues related to ‘sustainability’ at each stage. Evidence points to shortcomings in the sustainable use of
biological resources at each stage of value addition, calling for focused and specific measures to address them. 相似文献
20.
K. Takeuchi T. Elmqvist M. Hatakeyama J. Kauffman N. Turner D. Zhou 《Sustainability Science》2014,9(4):513-526
In the wake of the catastrophic earthquake and tsunami that devastated part of northeastern Japan in March 2011, proposals for reconstruction and rehabilitation are still subjects of debate. The claim by many climate scientists that large-scale extreme events can be expected in the future, with similar catastrophic effects in coastal areas, suggests the need for long-term planning that aims at building resilience, the ability for socio-ecological systems to withstand and recover quickly from natural disasters, and continue to develop. We hypothesize that ecosystems and socio-economic resilience will provide affected communities with flexible barriers against future disasters and greater protection in the long run than will hard/engineering solutions such as high seawalls aimed at ensuring only physical security. Building social/ecological resilience in the Tohoku region will increase general security and is anticipated also to contribute to an enhanced quality of life now and for generations to come. This paper argues that building resilience in the affected area requires a transformation to sustainable agriculture, forestry and fisheries and we describe how the links between satoyama and satoumi, traditional rural territorial and coastal landscapes in Japan, can contribute to this revitalization and to strengthening the relationship between local residents and the landscape in the affected communities. Decision makers at local, regional and national levels need to take a holistic approach based on sustainability science to understand the inter-relationships between these landscapes and ecosystems to develop a robust rebuilding plan for the affected communities. Moreover, this paper suggests that building resilient communities in Japan that demonstrate the strategic benefits of satoyama and satoumi linkages can be a model for building resilient rural and urban communities throughout the world. 相似文献