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如今,已经很难想象,当人们第一次开始运用化肥、农药、催熟剂、催红剂、膨大剂……等各类化学药剂时,曾经有过怎样的喜悦心情。这些化学药剂增加了产量、减少了病虫害、提高了农民收益、节约了人工投入、改善了各类农产品的商品卖相、降低了农业生产所存在的很多不确定风险。所以,"化学农业"替代了"传统农业",恐怕是一个必然的结果。尽管,"化学农业"给自然环境和人类健康带来了巨大的风险和危机。然而,人类社会的发展是一个永不停歇的过程,任何必然的结果都不可能因为其必然性而不被否决。事实上,只要当事物的结果不符合发展的内涵时,都必须予以反思,并寻找新的出路。 相似文献
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大庆油田湖泊湿地景观生态设计探讨 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
采用景观生态设计的方法,将大庆油田职工生活居住区内湖泊湿地的湖盆、湖岸、湿地、水体及植物、地貌、土壤等自然因素作为一个整体,对湖底、湖岸、浅水区、湖滨带等地进行了景观生态设计。该设计方案体现了地方性特征,保护与节约了自然资源,显露了自然特色,达到了对环境影响最小、资本投入少、生态效益最大的设计目的。 相似文献
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系统搜集了汉中、安康、商洛2002—2008年旅游收入、旅游客流量和GDP数据,利用"速度、质量、效益"模型,基于经济贡献率、增长弹性、拉动系数、产业结构和旅游就业5个指标,对陕南汉江走廊旅游开发带动区域发展进行了实证研究。结果显示,陕南3市旅游发展刺激陕南需求、拉动陕南内需,带动了相关产业的发展;3市旅游发展优化了陕南产业结构,促进了城市化进程,增加就业机会、促进了社会公平;3市旅游发展带动了陕南的经济增长;3市旅游发展对区域经济发展的带动程度各有不同,体现在不同层面,揭示了旅游发展带动区域经济的动态过程。 相似文献
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近几十年,我国经济建设高速迅猛发展,楼房高了、汽车多了、道路宽了、口袋鼓了,但同时,我们的生存环境也差了。如今,厚厚的灰霾像一个硕大无边的盖子整天罩在我们许多城市的上空,即使那些戴着"环保模范城市"、"生态示范区"、"生态市"、"宜居城市"桂冠的城市也是如此。我们的城市病了,钢筋水泥森林间流动的是污浊的空气。如果 相似文献
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近年来,胶州市的生态环境保护工作水平虽然在整体上有了提高,但仍存在一些问题.本文首先介绍了胶州的经济、环境质量、生态、污染控制现状,在此基础上分析了影响生态城市建设存在的问题,如空气污染、水污染、管网不配套等,最后就生态市建设提出了建立有效领导机制、深化综合治理、推行循环经济、推进环境优美乡镇建设、加大环保投入等五项建议. 相似文献
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党的十八大报告深刻体现了承前启后、继往开来、务实创新的精神,特别是突出了"12459"的量化任务和目标,进一步规划了我国科学发展、创新驱动、转型发展、可持续发展的蓝图,鼓舞人心、激励奋进,我们必须深入学习与领会。 相似文献
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内蒙古赤峰地质遗迹资源及其保护利用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
复杂的地质构造、多期次的岩浆活动形成了内蒙古赤峰丰富、独特的地质遗迹.在对整个赤峰地区地质遗迹进行详细调查的基础上,论述了主要地质遗迹形成的地理、地质条件,提出了赤峰市地质遗迹的分类方案,并进行了分类.探讨了赤峰市地质遗迹的保护与利用方法.赤峰市现已建有世界地质公园1处、自治区级地质公园1处、国家矿山公园1处.简述了各公园的主要地质遗迹、规划与建设、已取得的社会经济效益等.在分析目前地质遗迹保护、地质公园建设情况的基础上,对存在的主要问题进行了剖析,并提出了保护开发的建议. 相似文献
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A. L. Brown 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2004,47(6):827-842
This paper focuses on soundscape planning, or acoustic design, in the planning and management of open space in both urban and non‐urban areas. It is based on notions, promoted over several decades, that the acoustic aspects of open space can, and should be, subject to design in the same way as are the visual dimensions. The current paradigm for the management of the outdoor acoustic environment is noise control and soundscape planning needs to adopt quite different practices from noise control with respect to acoustic criteria and measurement. The paper explores the specification of acoustic objectives for outdoor soundscapes and the translation of these objectives into acoustic criteria that are amenable to measurement and prediction as part of the design process. Such objectives, termed Proposed Acoustic Environments, focus on the information content in sounds in a particular space and, only indirectly, on characteristics such as level or loudness. Outdoor acoustic design is mostly concerned with avoiding, or achieving, the masking of one set of information in the acoustic signal with other sets of information in the same signal. These are critical methodological issues if soundscape planning is to move from being a good idea to common practice. The paper sets out the elements of a process for the acoustic design or management of outdoor space. 相似文献
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住宅遭受交通噪声污染时开发商应承担的民事责任初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从分析住宅遭受交通噪声污染时开发商民事责任的性质入手,探讨了现行声环境质量标准对开发商的适用性和合理性,阐明了开发商的责任范围,提出了完善住宅声环境质量标准的建议。主要结论:目前我国尚缺乏合理的约束开发商的住宅声环境质量标准;开发商的隔声减噪义务主要包括留出与道路之间的防噪距离和采取安装隔声窗、封闭阳台等隔声措施;应将门窗封闭状态下的室内噪声限值颁布为住宅声环境质量标准。 相似文献
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以中原城市群强市-新乡市为例,介绍城市环境噪声的声源构成主要以工业噪声和社会生活噪声为主。随着城镇化规模的扩大,近年来的噪声监测值总体呈下降趋势,但道路交通噪声和社会生活噪声有增高趋势。结合声环境质量现状,提出了合理规划功能区布局、加强声环境管理、利用城市绿地降低噪声、提高单体建筑规划设计水平等改善对策措施。 相似文献
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Casey L. Brown Sarah E. Reed Matthew S. Dietz Kurt M. Fristrup 《Environmental management》2013,52(5):1262-1270
Noise emanating from human activity has become a common addition to natural soundscapes and has the potential to harm wildlife and erode human enjoyment of nature. In particular, motor vehicles traveling along roads and trails produce high levels of both chronic and intermittent noise, eliciting varied responses from a wide range of animal species. Anthropogenic noise is especially conspicuous in natural areas where ambient background sound levels are low. In this article, we present an acoustic method to detect and analyze motor vehicle noise. Our approach uses inexpensive consumer products to record sound, sound analysis software to automatically detect sound events within continuous recordings and measure their acoustic properties, and statistical classification methods to categorize sound events. We describe an application of this approach to detect motor vehicle noise on paved, gravel, and natural-surface roads, and off-road vehicle trails in 36 sites distributed throughout a national forest in the Sierra Nevada, CA, USA. These low-cost, unobtrusive methods can be used by scientists and managers to detect anthropogenic noise events for many potential applications, including ecological research, transportation and recreation planning, and natural resource management. 相似文献
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针对城市电厂大型机力通风冷却塔的噪声污染,以北京太阳宫燃气热电冷联供工程中应用的机力通风冷却塔噪声控制为例,通过分析研究冷却塔各声源不同的频谱特性和传播特性,并根据厂界噪声控制目标计算声源的超标量和设计降噪量,采取隔声、消声和吸声等综合集成的噪声控制技术,设计开发了大型机力通风冷却塔降噪消声装置,取得了理想效果,使厂界噪声达到I类标准,为低噪声机力通风冷却塔的声学设计提供了工程实践参考。 相似文献
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变压器噪声控制技术及装备 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍并分析了某城市110kV变电站的变压器噪声源特点,在满足其运行工艺、设备性能、声学效果、经济、安全的条件下,设计开发了特殊的隔吸声结构、消声结构等变压器降噪装置,并成功应用于工程实践中,取得了理想效果。 相似文献
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Jesper Kristiansen Søren Peter Lund Per Møberg Nielsen Roger Persson Hitomi Shibuya 《Journal of environmental psychology》2011,31(4):383-392
A high proportion of school teachers report that they are disturbed by noise during teaching. The aim of the study was therefore to identify determinants of self-reported noise exposure and disturbance attributed to noise among secondary school teachers (n = 419) in 10 schools in Copenhagen, Denmark. The schools were selected to show contrasts in classroom reverberation times (RT), and were classified as “Short RT” (3 schools, mean RT 0.41–0.45 s), “Medium RT” (3 schools, mean RT 0.51–0.55 s) and “Long RT” (4 schools, mean RT 0.62–0.73 s). Significant determinants of self-reported noise exposure were a high number of children in the class, young age of the children, and low teacher seniority. “Long RT” classification was of borderline significance. Significant determinants of disturbance attributed to noise from children in the class were teacher seniority and “Long RT” acoustic classification of the school. The associations between work characteristics and noise disturbance measures were attenuated by low self-rated work capacity, suggesting that the consequences of noise and poor acoustics may not be limited to disturbance attributed to noise, but may have a wide negative impact on the perceived working environment. 相似文献
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公路经营企业应对道路交通噪声污染损害承担环境侵权责任。污染损害可归责的程度应以医学观察的可证明性为界限,在违法性和损害事实考量中,环境标准均非所问。公路经营企业的责任形式主要包括排除危害和赔偿损失。基于环境侵权的利益衡量原则,一般不宜直接判令采取公路关闭或改道等形式排除危害,而应适用设置隔声屏障、种植绿化林带、进行交通管制等调和性的"部分排除侵害"责任形式。在"先有路后有房"情景下,公路经营企业是否承担责任因受害人迁入公害时主观方面的不同而不同。受害人明知或已经预见到有遭受噪声污染的危险,且无正当理由而自愿、故意承受危险致害者,公路经营企业得根据自甘冒险原则请求拒绝排除危害、免除赔偿或减少赔偿额。 相似文献