四级站环境监测综合技术

1.引言 综合技术是环境监测的重要组成部分,是科学地解释监测数据和合理地运用这些数据的技术,是一门以信息论、系统论、控制论为指导的,专门研究环境监测信息流通规律及其效应的综合性技术,属于软科学范畴。     

闭环电控三元催化技术对化油器型车辆排放的控制

针对城市汽车尾气治理及化油器型车辆的排放现状 ,指出开发和运用闭环电控三元催化技术是目前解决城市化油器型车辆排放问题及时可行的过渡措施 ,并对电控三元催化技术的应用提出了建议与要求。     

反渗透技术及其在水处理中的应用

反渗透是一种膜分离技术，文章介绍了反渗透的工作原理、发展和特点，主要介绍了反渗透技术在水处理中的运用情况．     

TIE技术在某化工厂废水毒性原因鉴别中的应用

运用美国水生生物毒性鉴别评价技术对组分相对复杂的某化工厂废水进行毒性原因鉴别。结果表明：导致该厂废水毒性的关键污染物是二萘酚,对硝基氯苯和间硝硝基氯苯。对ＴＩＥ技术在中国推广的实用性,可行性以及应用前景等进行了讨论。     

萃取技术在环境样品预处理中的应用及发展

对萃取技术包括传统技术以及新近发展起来的如固相萃取、固相微萃取、膜萃取、超临界流体萃取、微波萃取等技术在环境样品预处理方面的运用进行综述,分析各自的优缺点以及发展前景.     

固定化微生物废水处理技术及其发展

B-tm系列高效菌种处理乳品行业生产废水运用菌种的固定化技术，使菌种保持在反应器内．探讨微生物固定化技术的分类、主要特征、固定化微生物反应器和微生物固定化技术的发展趋势．     

江苏省“八五”环境质量声像报告书的研究

“江苏省”‘八五’环境质量声像报告书“是以江苏省”八五期间近５００万个监测数据为基础，运用地理信息系统和多媒体技术制作的集声，像图和文字为一体的环境质量计算机演示系统。该系统生动，直观地表征了江苏省“八五”环境质量状况及变化趋势。它的研制成功是环境质量表征技术的重要突破。     

大数据技术在环境监测中的应用

简述了环境监测信息化建设应用现状及问题;分析了大数据技术的特点及其在环境监测信息化中的优势。提出,基于"大数据"技术,可以建设环境监测大数据中心,突破传统关系型数据库局限性,运用大数据的核心技术,实现环境质量综合评价技术的新突破,提升环境状况综合预警能力;应用大数据可视化技术,提高科学决策水平,提高人体健康风险评价能力;建立环保舆情分析云平台,提升公众服务能力。     

切实加强综合分析工作提高环境监测总体水平

综合分析是关于数据、资料的科学解释和合理运用的科学技术,是高层次的信息分析、加工,属于软科学范畴.随着环境科学的不断发展,环境监测学也日臻完善,综合分析已成为一门独立的技术,它的信息量大,涉及众多学科的知识.如数据处理、评价模型设计、计     

简析环境监测中离子色谱法的应用

文章先概述了离子色谱技术,详细阐述了离子色谱分析技术在水质环境监测、大气环境监测和土壤环境监测等领域的具体运用,讨论了离子色谱实际使用过程中遇到的常见问题,最后简要介绍了仪器的维护与保养措施。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱在水中有机污染物测定中的应用

固相微萃取技术是一种新型的无溶剂的样品前处理方法,集取样、萃取、富集、进样于一体,具有无溶剂、可直接进样、操作简便快捷、灵敏的特点。简述了固相微萃取技术原理,综述了SPME与GC联用在水中有机污染物测定中的应用。具体介绍了该技术在苯系物、酚类化合物、多环芳烃、有机氯化物及其它有机污染物分析中的应用,并提出了该技术的发展趋势及应用展望。     

膜分离紫外光度法连续测定二氧化氯的应用

利用 Cl O2 能透过微孔性聚四氟乙烯膜 (PTFE)而制成 Cl O2 连续流动分离装置 ,建立了膜分离紫外光度法连续测定二氧化氯的测试方法。用此方法测定江苏某水厂净水流程线上各采样点的二氧化氯浓度 ,并对测定结果进行显著性检验 ,确定当水中二氧化氯浓度大于或等于 0 .0 8mg/ L时 ,此方法与美国 Vulcan公司推荐的连续碘量法无显著性差异     

Case studies: Application of SEA in provincial level expressway infrastructure network planning in China — Current existing problems

Since the Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment was enacted in 2003 and Huanfa 2004 No. 98 was released in 2004, Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has been officially being implemented in the expressway infrastructure planning field in China. Through scrutinizing two SEA application cases of China's provincial level expressway infrastructure (PLEI) network plans, it is found that current SEA practice in expressway infrastructure planning field has a number of problems including: SEA practitioners do not fully understand the objective of SEA; its potential contributions to strategic planning and decision-making is extremely limited; the employed application procedure and prediction and assessment techniques are too simple to bring objective, unbiased and scientific results; and no alternative options are considered. All these problems directly lead to poor quality SEA and consequently weaken SEA's effectiveness.     

Case studies: Application of SEA in provincial level expressway infrastructure network planning in China — Current existing problems

Since the Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment was enacted in 2003 and Huanfa 2004 No. 98 was released in 2004, Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has been officially being implemented in the expressway infrastructure planning field in China. Through scrutinizing two SEA application cases of China's provincial level expressway infrastructure (PLEI) network plans, it is found that current SEA practice in expressway infrastructure planning field has a number of problems including: SEA practitioners do not fully understand the objective of SEA; its potential contributions to strategic planning and decision-making is extremely limited; the employed application procedure and prediction and assessment techniques are too simple to bring objective, unbiased and scientific results; and no alternative options are considered. All these problems directly lead to poor quality SEA and consequently weaken SEA's effectiveness.     

快速凯氏定氮仪与纳氏试剂光度法测定NH3-N的精密度及总不确定度比较

通过对实际水样中NH3-N的测定结果的精密度及总不确定度检验,比较快速凯氏定氮法和纳氏试剂光度法测试结果,置信概率为95%.双侧DIXON检验、精密度和不确定度检验,结果表明,两方法测定结果之间不存在显著性差异,具有一致性.     

两种凝胶色谱在农药残留分析中的应用比较

介绍了凝胶色谱法的基本原理和工作方式及其在农药残留分析中的应用,对比了传统的全自动凝胶色谱和在线凝胶色谱-质谱联用两种凝胶色谱仪的特点。通过土壤样品有机磷和有机氯农药加标回收试验,表明两种凝胶色谱在农药残留分析中的净化效果差异不大,而在线凝胶色谱-质谱联用在检测快速化、在线化和溶剂使用少量化、微量化方面更具优势。     

Austal 2000应用于国内“烟塔合一”类项目大气影响评价

简述了德国"烟塔合一"类大气污染扩散模式,以及相关模式Austal 2000的应用方法,修正了气象参数以适合本地化应用。以天津某电厂为实例,将Austal 2000模式"烟塔合一"和烟囱排烟方式的计算结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,在进行本地化修改后,Austal 2000模式适用于国内有关项目大气预测评价,但从环境影响角度考虑,"烟塔合一"相对于高烟囱排放方式没有明显优势,应用时需慎重。     

Nitrate leaching to shallow groundwater systems from agricultural fields with different management practices

Monitoring the concentration of NO(3)-N from agricultural fields to the subsurface and shallow ground water resources have received considerable interest worldwide, since agriculture has been identified as a major source of nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)-N) pollution of groundwater systems in intensively farmed watersheds. A study was conducted to quantify the impact of two tillage practices viz. chisel plow (CP) and no till (NT) with liquid swine manure application on nitrate leaching to the shallow ground water system under corn-soybean production system. This study is part of the long-term field experiments conducted at Iowa State University using completely randomized block design. The NO(3)-N concentrations in the shallow ground water were monitored at three depths viz., a network of subsurface drains at a depth of 1.2 m and piezometers at depths of 1.8 m and 2.4 m. Results of this study showed that the average NO(3)-N concentration during the study period was 16.1 mg l(-1), 14.4 mg l(-1) and 11.8 mg l(-1) at 1.2 m, 1.8 m and 2.4 m depths, respectively implying significant amount of NO(3)-N leaching past the subsurface drain depth of 1.2 m into the shallow groundwater but the NO(3)-N concentration decreases with the depth. The NO(3)-N concentrations in shallow groundwater were significantly higher under the chisel plow system in comparison with the no till method of tillage. Fall application of liquid swine manure caused more leaching in comparison with the spring application. Higher NO(3)-N concentration was observed under corn in comparison with the soybean plots. An in-depth analysis of the data showed a definite relationship between the NO(3)-N concentration in subsurface drain water at a depth of 1.2 m and shallow groundwater at depths of 1.8 m and 2.4 m depths.     

环境污染物快速检测技术的国内外研究进展

介绍了环境污染物的分类与危害,基于目前国内外不同类型污染物快速检测技术的研究进展,综述了包括离子传感器、气体传感器和生物传感器等在内的化学传感器选择性强、成本低廉、可检测痕量污染物的优势,以及便携式检测设备节省时间、避免样品采集、应用领域广泛的特点,并提出了污染物快速检测技术的未来发展方向。     

Regionalization of land use impact models for life cycle assessment: Recommendations for their use on the global scale and their applicability to Brazil

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the main technique for evaluate the environmental impacts of product life cycles. A major challenge in the field of LCA is spatial and temporal differentiation in Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methods, especially impacts resulting from land occupation and land transformation. Land use characterization modeling has advanced considerably over the last two decades and many approaches have recently included crucial aspects such as geographic differentiation. Nevertheless, characterization models have so far not been systematically reviewed and evaluated to determine their applicability to South America. Given that Brazil is the largest country in South America, this paper analyzes the main international characterization models currently available in the literature, with a view to recommending regionalized models applicable on a global scale for land use life cycle impact assessments, and discusses their feasibility for regionalized assessment in Brazil. The analytical methodology involves classification based on the following criteria: midpoint/endpoint approach, scope of application, area of data collection, biogeographical differentiation, definition of recovery time and reference situation; followed by an evaluation of thirteen scientific robustness and environmental relevance subcriteria. The results of the scope of application are distributed among 25% of the models developed for the European context, and 50% have a global scope. There is no consensus in the literature about the definition of parameters such biogeographical differentiation and reference situation, and our review indicates that 35% of the models use ecoregion division while 40% use the concept of potential natural vegetation. Four characterization models show high scores in terms of scientific robustness and environmental relevance. These models are recommended for application in land use life cycle impact assessments, and also to serve as references for the development or adaptation of regional methodological procedures for Brazil.